src/oping.c

   1 /**
   2  * Object oriented C module to send ICMP and ICMPv6 `echo's.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2006-2014  Florian octo Forster <ff at octo.it>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   6  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   7  * the Free Software Foundation; only version 2 of the License is
   8  * applicable.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
  18  */
  19
  20 #if HAVE_CONFIG_H
  21 # include <config.h>
  22 #endif
  23
  24 #if STDC_HEADERS
  25 # include <stdlib.h>
  26 # include <stdio.h>
  27 # include <string.h>
  28 # include <stdint.h>
  29 # include <inttypes.h>
  30 # include <errno.h>
  31 # include <assert.h>
  32 #else
  33 # error "You don't have the standard C99 header files installed"
  34 #endif /* STDC_HEADERS */
  35
  36 #if HAVE_UNISTD_H
  37 # include <unistd.h>
  38 #endif
  39
  40 #if HAVE_MATH_H
  41 # include <math.h>
  42 #endif
  43
  44 #if TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME
  45 # include <sys/time.h>
  46 # include <time.h>
  47 #else
  48 # if HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
  49 #  include <sys/time.h>
  50 # else
  51 #  include <time.h>
  52 # endif
  53 #endif
  54
  55 #if HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
  56 # include <sys/socket.h>
  57 #endif
  58 #if HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
  59 # include <netinet/in.h>
  60 #endif
  61 #if HAVE_NETINET_IP_H
  62 # include <netinet/ip.h>
  63 #endif
  64
  65 #if HAVE_NETDB_H
  66 # include <netdb.h> /* NI_MAXHOST */
  67 #endif
  68
  69 #if HAVE_SIGNAL_H
  70 # include <signal.h>
  71 #endif
  72
  73 #if HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
  74 #include <sys/types.h>
  75 #endif
  76
  77 #include <locale.h>
  78 #include <langinfo.h>
  79
  80 #if USE_NCURSES
  81 # define NCURSES_OPAQUE 1
  82 /* http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Rec/rec.games.roguelike.development/2010-09/msg00050.html */
  83 # define _X_OPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
  84
  85 # if HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H
  86 #  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
  87 # elif HAVE_NCURSES_H
  88 #  include <ncurses.h>
  89 # endif
  90
  91 # define OPING_GREEN 1
  92 # define OPING_YELLOW 2
  93 # define OPING_RED 3
  94 # define OPING_GREEN_HIST 4
  95 # define OPING_YELLOW_HIST 5
  96 # define OPING_RED_HIST 6
  97
  98 static char const * const hist_symbols_utf8[] = {
  99         "▁", "▂", "▃", "▄", "▅", "▆", "▇", "█" };
 100 static size_t const hist_symbols_utf8_num = sizeof (hist_symbols_utf8)
 101         / sizeof (hist_symbols_utf8[0]);
 102
 103 /* scancodes for 6 levels of horizontal bars, ncurses-specific */
 104 /* those are not the usual constants because those are not constant */
 105 static int const hist_symbols_acs[] = {
 106         115, /* ACS_S9 "⎽" */
 107         114, /* ACS_S7 "⎼" */
 108         113, /* ACS_S5 "─" */
 109         112, /* ACS_S3 "⎻" */
 110         111  /* ACS_S1 "⎺" */
 111 };
 112 static size_t const hist_symbols_acs_num = sizeof (hist_symbols_acs)
 113         / sizeof (hist_symbols_acs[0]);
 114
 115 /* use different colors without a background for scancodes */
 116 static int const hist_colors_utf8[] = {
 117         OPING_GREEN_HIST, OPING_YELLOW_HIST, OPING_RED_HIST };
 118 static int const hist_colors_acs[] = {
 119         OPING_GREEN, OPING_YELLOW, OPING_RED };
 120 /* assuming that both arrays are the same size */
 121 static size_t const hist_colors_num = sizeof (hist_colors_utf8)
 122         / sizeof (hist_colors_utf8[0]);
 123 #endif
 124
 125 /* "─" */
 126 #define BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR (113 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 127 /* "├" */
 128 #define BOXPLOT_WHISKER_LEFT_END (116 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 129 /* "┤" */
 130 #define BOXPLOT_WHISKER_RIGHT_END (117 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 131 #define BOXPLOT_BOX ' '
 132 /* "│" */
 133 #define BOXPLOT_MEDIAN (120 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 134
 135 #include "oping.h"
 136
 137 #ifndef _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
 138 # define _POSIX_SAVED_IDS 0
 139 #endif
 140
 141 #ifndef IPTOS_MINCOST
 142 # define IPTOS_MINCOST 0x02
 143 #endif
 144
 145 /* Remove GNU specific __attribute__ settings when using another compiler */
 146 #if !__GNUC__
 147 # define __attribute__(x) /**/
 148 #endif
 149
 150 typedef struct ping_context
 151 {
 152         char host[NI_MAXHOST];
 153         char addr[NI_MAXHOST];
 154
 155         int index;
 156         int req_sent;
 157         int req_rcvd;
 158
 159         double latency_min;
 160         double latency_max;
 161         double latency_total;
 162         double latency_total_square;
 163
 164 /* 1000 + one "infinity" bucket. */
 165 #define OPING_HISTOGRAM_BUCKETS 1001
 166         uint32_t *latency_histogram;
 167         size_t latency_histogram_size;
 168
 169 #if USE_NCURSES
 170         WINDOW *window;
 171 #endif
 172 } ping_context_t;
 173
 174 static double  opt_interval   = 1.0;
 175 static int     opt_addrfamily = PING_DEF_AF;
 176 static char   *opt_srcaddr    = NULL;
 177 static char   *opt_device     = NULL;
 178 static char   *opt_filename   = NULL;
 179 static int     opt_count      = -1;
 180 static int     opt_send_ttl   = 64;
 181 static uint8_t opt_send_qos   = 0;
 182 #define OPING_DEFAULT_PERCENTILE 95.0
 183 static double  opt_percentile = -1.0;
 184 static double  opt_exit_status_threshold = 1.0;
 185 #if USE_NCURSES
 186 static int     opt_utf8       = 0;
 187 #endif
 188
 189 static int host_num = 0;
 190
 191 #if USE_NCURSES
 192 static WINDOW *main_win = NULL;
 193 #endif
 194
 195 static void sigint_handler (int signal) /* {{{ */
 196 {
 197         /* Make compiler happy */
 198         signal = 0;
 199         /* Exit the loop */
 200         opt_count = 0;
 201 } /* }}} void sigint_handler */
 202
 203 static ping_context_t *context_create (void) /* {{{ */
 204 {
 205         ping_context_t *ret;
 206
 207         if ((ret = malloc (sizeof (ping_context_t))) == NULL)
 208                 return (NULL);
 209
 210         memset (ret, '\0', sizeof (ping_context_t));
 211
 212         ret->latency_min   = -1.0;
 213         ret->latency_max   = -1.0;
 214         ret->latency_total = 0.0;
 215         ret->latency_total_square = 0.0;
 216
 217         ret->latency_histogram_size = (size_t) OPING_HISTOGRAM_BUCKETS;
 218         ret->latency_histogram = calloc (ret->latency_histogram_size,
 219                         sizeof (*ret->latency_histogram));
 220
 221 #if USE_NCURSES
 222         ret->window = NULL;
 223 #endif
 224
 225         return (ret);
 226 } /* }}} ping_context_t *context_create */
 227
 228 static void context_destroy (ping_context_t *context) /* {{{ */
 229 {
 230         if (context == NULL)
 231                 return;
 232
 233 #if USE_NCURSES
 234         if (context->window != NULL)
 235         {
 236                 delwin (context->window);
 237                 context->window = NULL;
 238         }
 239 #endif
 240
 241         free (context->latency_histogram);
 242         context->latency_histogram = NULL;
 243
 244         free (context);
 245 } /* }}} void context_destroy */
 246
 247 static double context_get_average (ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
 248 {
 249         double num_total;
 250
 251         if (ctx == NULL)
 252                 return (-1.0);
 253
 254         if (ctx->req_rcvd < 1)
 255                 return (-0.0);
 256
 257         num_total = (double) ctx->req_rcvd;
 258         return (ctx->latency_total / num_total);
 259 } /* }}} double context_get_average */
 260
 261 static double context_get_percentile (ping_context_t *ctx, /* {{{ */
 262                 double percentile)
 263 {
 264         double threshold = percentile / 100.0;
 265         uint32_t accumulated[ctx->latency_histogram_size];
 266         double ratios[ctx->latency_histogram_size];
 267         double index_to_ms_factor;
 268         uint32_t num;
 269         size_t i;
 270
 271         if (ctx->latency_histogram == NULL)
 272                 return (NAN);
 273
 274         accumulated[0] = ctx->latency_histogram[0];
 275         for (i = 1; i < ctx->latency_histogram_size; i++)
 276                 accumulated[i] = accumulated[i - 1]
 277                         + ctx->latency_histogram[i];
 278         num = accumulated[ctx->latency_histogram_size - 1];
 279
 280         for (i = 0; i < ctx->latency_histogram_size; i++)
 281         {
 282                 ratios[i] = ((double) accumulated[i]) / ((double) num);
 283                 if (ratios[i] >= threshold)
 284                         break;
 285         }
 286
 287         if (i >= ctx->latency_histogram_size)
 288                 return (NAN);
 289         else if (i == (ctx->latency_histogram_size - 1))
 290                 return (INFINITY);
 291
 292         index_to_ms_factor = (1000.0 * opt_interval) / (ctx->latency_histogram_size - 1);
 293
 294         /* Multiply with i+1, because we're interested in the _upper_ bound of
 295          * each bucket. */
 296         return (index_to_ms_factor * ((double) (i + 1)));
 297 } /* }}} double context_get_percentile */
 298
 299 static double context_get_stddev (ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
 300 {
 301         double num_total;
 302
 303         if (ctx == NULL)
 304                 return (-1.0);
 305
 306         if (ctx->req_rcvd < 1)
 307                 return (-0.0);
 308         else if (ctx->req_rcvd < 2)
 309                 return (0.0);
 310
 311         num_total = (double) ctx->req_rcvd;
 312         return (sqrt (((num_total * ctx->latency_total_square)
 313                                         - (ctx->latency_total * ctx->latency_total))
 314                                 / (num_total * (num_total - 1.0))));
 315 } /* }}} double context_get_stddev */
 316
 317 static double context_get_packet_loss (const ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
 318 {
 319         if (ctx == NULL)
 320                 return (-1.0);
 321
 322         if (ctx->req_sent < 1)
 323                 return (0.0);
 324
 325         return (100.0 * (ctx->req_sent - ctx->req_rcvd)
 326                         / ((double) ctx->req_sent));
 327 } /* }}} double context_get_packet_loss */
 328
 329 static int ping_initialize_contexts (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
 330 {
 331         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
 332         int index;
 333
 334         if (ping == NULL)
 335                 return (EINVAL);
 336
 337         index = 0;
 338         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
 339                         iter != NULL;
 340                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
 341         {
 342                 ping_context_t *context;
 343                 size_t buffer_size;
 344
 345                 context = context_create ();
 346                 context->index = index;
 347
 348                 buffer_size = sizeof (context->host);
 349                 ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_HOSTNAME, context->host, &buffer_size);
 350
 351                 buffer_size = sizeof (context->addr);
 352                 ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_ADDRESS, context->addr, &buffer_size);
 353
 354                 ping_iterator_set_context (iter, (void *) context);
 355
 356                 index++;
 357         }
 358
 359         return (0);
 360 } /* }}} int ping_initialize_contexts */
 361
 362 static void usage_exit (const char *name, int status) /* {{{ */
 363 {
 364         fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] "
 365                                 "-f filename | host [host [host ...]]\n"
 366
 367                         "\nAvailable options:\n"
 368                         "  -4|-6        force the use of IPv4 or IPv6\n"
 369                         "  -c count     number of ICMP packets to send\n"
 370                         "  -i interval  interval with which to send ICMP packets\n"
 371                         "  -t ttl       time to live for each ICMP packet\n"
 372                         "  -Q qos       Quality of Service (QoS) of outgoing packets\n"
 373                         "               Use \"-Q help\" for a list of valid options.\n"
 374                         "  -I srcaddr   source address\n"
 375                         "  -D device    outgoing interface name\n"
 376                         "  -f filename  filename to read hosts from\n"
 377 #if USE_NCURSES
 378                         "  -u / -U      force / disable UTF-8 output\n"
 379 #endif
 380                         "  -P percent   Report the n'th percentile of latency\n"
 381                         "  -Z percent   Exit with non-zero exit status if more than this percentage of\n"
 382                         "               probes timed out. (default: never)\n"
 383
 384                         "\noping "PACKAGE_VERSION", http://verplant.org/liboping/\n"
 385                         "by Florian octo Forster <octo@verplant.org>\n"
 386                         "for contributions see `AUTHORS'\n",
 387                         name);
 388         exit (status);
 389 } /* }}} void usage_exit */
 390
 391 __attribute__((noreturn))
 392 static void usage_qos_exit (const char *arg, int status) /* {{{ */
 393 {
 394         if (arg != 0)
 395                 fprintf (stderr, "Invalid QoS argument: \"%s\"\n\n", arg);
 396
 397         fprintf (stderr, "Valid QoS arguments (option \"-Q\") are:\n"
 398                         "\n"
 399                         "  Differentiated Services (IPv4 and IPv6, RFC 2474)\n"
 400                         "\n"
 401                         "    be                     Best Effort (BE, default PHB).\n"
 402                         "    ef                     Expedited Forwarding (EF) PHB group (RFC 3246).\n"
 403                         "                           (low delay, low loss, low jitter)\n"
 404                         "    va                     Voice Admit (VA) DSCP (RFC 5865).\n"
 405                         "                           (capacity-admitted traffic)\n"
 406                         "    af[1-4][1-3]           Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB group (RFC 2597).\n"
 407                         "                           For example: \"af12\" (class 1, precedence 2)\n"
 408                         "    cs[0-7]                Class Selector (CS) PHB group (RFC 2474).\n"
 409                         "                           For example: \"cs1\" (priority traffic)\n"
 410                         "\n"
 411                         "  Type of Service (IPv4, RFC 1349, obsolete)\n"
 412                         "\n"
 413                         "    lowdelay     (%#04x)    minimize delay\n"
 414                         "    throughput   (%#04x)    maximize throughput\n"
 415                         "    reliability  (%#04x)    maximize reliability\n"
 416                         "    mincost      (%#04x)    minimize monetary cost\n"
 417                         "\n"
 418                         "  Specify manually\n"
 419                         "\n"
 420                         "    0x00 - 0xff            Hexadecimal numeric specification.\n"
 421                         "       0 -  255            Decimal numeric specification.\n"
 422                         "\n",
 423                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_LOWDELAY,
 424                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_THROUGHPUT,
 425                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_RELIABILITY,
 426                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_MINCOST);
 427
 428         exit (status);
 429 } /* }}} void usage_qos_exit */
 430
 431 static int set_opt_send_qos (const char *opt) /* {{{ */
 432 {
 433         if (opt == NULL)
 434                 return (EINVAL);
 435
 436         if (strcasecmp ("help", opt) == 0)
 437                 usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ NULL, /* status = */ EXIT_SUCCESS);
 438         /* DiffServ (RFC 2474): */
 439         /* - Best effort (BE) */
 440         else if (strcasecmp ("be", opt) == 0)
 441                 opt_send_qos = 0;
 442         /* - Expedited Forwarding (EF, RFC 3246) */
 443         else if (strcasecmp ("ef", opt) == 0)
 444                 opt_send_qos = 0xB8; /* == 0x2E << 2 */
 445         /* - Voice Admit (VA, RFC 5865) */
 446         else if (strcasecmp ("va", opt) == 0)
 447                 opt_send_qos = 0xB0; /* == 0x2D << 2 */
 448         /* - Assured Forwarding (AF, RFC 2597) */
 449         else if ((strncasecmp ("af", opt, strlen ("af")) == 0)
 450                         && (strlen (opt) == 4))
 451         {
 452                 uint8_t dscp;
 453                 uint8_t class = 0;
 454                 uint8_t prec = 0;
 455
 456                 /* There are four classes, AF1x, AF2x, AF3x, and AF4x. */
 457                 if (opt[2] == '1')
 458                         class = 1;
 459                 else if (opt[2] == '2')
 460                         class = 2;
 461                 else if (opt[2] == '3')
 462                         class = 3;
 463                 else if (opt[2] == '4')
 464                         class = 4;
 465                 else
 466                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_SUCCESS);
 467
 468                 /* In each class, there are three precedences, AFx1, AFx2, and AFx3 */
 469                 if (opt[3] == '1')
 470                         prec = 1;
 471                 else if (opt[3] == '2')
 472                         prec = 2;
 473                 else if (opt[3] == '3')
 474                         prec = 3;
 475                 else
 476                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_SUCCESS);
 477
 478                 dscp = (8 * class) + (2 * prec);
 479                 /* The lower two bits are used for Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) */
 480                 opt_send_qos = dscp << 2;
 481         }
 482         /* - Class Selector (CS) */
 483         else if ((strncasecmp ("cs", opt, strlen ("cs")) == 0)
 484                         && (strlen (opt) == 3))
 485         {
 486                 uint8_t class;
 487
 488                 if ((opt[2] < '0') || (opt[2] > '7'))
 489                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_FAILURE);
 490
 491                 /* Not exactly legal by the C standard, but I don't know of any
 492                  * system not supporting this hack. */
 493                 class = ((uint8_t) opt[2]) - ((uint8_t) '0');
 494                 opt_send_qos = class << 5;
 495         }
 496         /* Type of Service (RFC 1349) */
 497         else if (strcasecmp ("lowdelay", opt) == 0)
 498                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_LOWDELAY;
 499         else if (strcasecmp ("throughput", opt) == 0)
 500                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_THROUGHPUT;
 501         else if (strcasecmp ("reliability", opt) == 0)
 502                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_RELIABILITY;
 503         else if (strcasecmp ("mincost", opt) == 0)
 504                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_MINCOST;
 505         /* Numeric value */
 506         else
 507         {
 508                 unsigned long value;
 509                 char *endptr;
 510
 511                 errno = 0;
 512                 endptr = NULL;
 513                 value = strtoul (opt, &endptr, /* base = */ 0);
 514                 if ((errno != 0) || (endptr == opt)
 515                                 || (endptr == NULL) || (*endptr != 0)
 516                                 || (value > 0xff))
 517                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_FAILURE);
 518
 519                 opt_send_qos = (uint8_t) value;
 520         }
 521
 522         return (0);
 523 } /* }}} int set_opt_send_qos */
 524
 525 static char *format_qos (uint8_t qos, char *buffer, size_t buffer_size) /* {{{ */
 526 {
 527         uint8_t dscp;
 528         uint8_t ecn;
 529         char *dscp_str;
 530         char *ecn_str;
 531
 532         dscp = qos >> 2;
 533         ecn = qos & 0x03;
 534
 535         switch (dscp)
 536         {
 537                 case 0x00: dscp_str = "be";  break;
 538                 case 0x2e: dscp_str = "ef";  break;
 539                 case 0x2d: dscp_str = "va";  break;
 540                 case 0x0a: dscp_str = "af11"; break;
 541                 case 0x0c: dscp_str = "af12"; break;
 542                 case 0x0e: dscp_str = "af13"; break;
 543                 case 0x12: dscp_str = "af21"; break;
 544                 case 0x14: dscp_str = "af22"; break;
 545                 case 0x16: dscp_str = "af23"; break;
 546                 case 0x1a: dscp_str = "af31"; break;
 547                 case 0x1c: dscp_str = "af32"; break;
 548                 case 0x1e: dscp_str = "af33"; break;
 549                 case 0x22: dscp_str = "af41"; break;
 550                 case 0x24: dscp_str = "af42"; break;
 551                 case 0x26: dscp_str = "af43"; break;
 552                 case 0x08: dscp_str = "cs1";  break;
 553                 case 0x10: dscp_str = "cs2";  break;
 554                 case 0x18: dscp_str = "cs3";  break;
 555                 case 0x20: dscp_str = "cs4";  break;
 556                 case 0x28: dscp_str = "cs5";  break;
 557                 case 0x30: dscp_str = "cs6";  break;
 558                 case 0x38: dscp_str = "cs7";  break;
 559                 default:   dscp_str = NULL;
 560         }
 561
 562         switch (ecn)
 563         {
 564                 case 0x01: ecn_str = ",ecn(1)"; break;
 565                 case 0x02: ecn_str = ",ecn(0)"; break;
 566                 case 0x03: ecn_str = ",ce"; break;
 567                 default:   ecn_str = "";
 568         }
 569
 570         if (dscp_str == NULL)
 571                 snprintf (buffer, buffer_size, "0x%02x%s", dscp, ecn_str);
 572         else
 573                 snprintf (buffer, buffer_size, "%s%s", dscp_str, ecn_str);
 574         buffer[buffer_size - 1] = 0;
 575
 576         return (buffer);
 577 } /* }}} char *format_qos */
 578
 579 static int read_options (int argc, char **argv) /* {{{ */
 580 {
 581         int optchar;
 582
 583         while (1)
 584         {
 585                 optchar = getopt (argc, argv, "46c:hi:I:t:Q:f:D:Z:P:"
 586 #if USE_NCURSES
 587                                 "uU"
 588 #endif
 589                                 );
 590
 591                 if (optchar == -1)
 592                         break;
 593
 594                 switch (optchar)
 595                 {
 596                         case '4':
 597                         case '6':
 598                                 opt_addrfamily = (optchar == '4') ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
 599                                 break;
 600
 601                         case 'c':
 602                                 {
 603                                         int new_count;
 604                                         new_count = atoi (optarg);
 605                                         if (new_count > 0)
 606                                         {
 607                                                 opt_count = new_count;
 608
 609                                                 if ((opt_percentile < 0.0) && (opt_count < 20))
 610                                                         opt_percentile = 100.0 * (opt_count - 1) / opt_count;
 611                                         }
 612                                         else
 613                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Ignoring invalid count: %s\n",
 614                                                                 optarg);
 615                                 }
 616                                 break;
 617
 618                         case 'f':
 619                                 {
 620                                         if (opt_filename != NULL)
 621                                                 free (opt_filename);
 622                                         opt_filename = strdup (optarg);
 623                                 }
 624                                 break;
 625
 626                         case 'i':
 627                                 {
 628                                         double new_interval;
 629                                         new_interval = atof (optarg);
 630                                         if (new_interval < 0.001)
 631                                                 fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid interval: %s\n",
 632                                                                 optarg);
 633                                         else
 634                                                 opt_interval = new_interval;
 635                                 }
 636                                 break;
 637
 638                         case 'I':
 639                                 {
 640                                         if (opt_srcaddr != NULL)
 641                                                 free (opt_srcaddr);
 642                                         opt_srcaddr = strdup (optarg);
 643                                 }
 644                                 break;
 645
 646                         case 'D':
 647                                 opt_device = optarg;
 648                                 break;
 649
 650                         case 't':
 651                         {
 652                                 int new_send_ttl;
 653                                 new_send_ttl = atoi (optarg);
 654                                 if ((new_send_ttl > 0) && (new_send_ttl < 256))
 655                                         opt_send_ttl = new_send_ttl;
 656                                 else
 657                                         fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid TTL argument: %s\n",
 658                                                         optarg);
 659                                 break;
 660                         }
 661
 662                         case 'Q':
 663                                 set_opt_send_qos (optarg);
 664                                 break;
 665
 666                         case 'P':
 667                                 {
 668                                         double new_percentile;
 669                                         new_percentile = atof (optarg);
 670                                         if (isnan (new_percentile)
 671                                                         || (new_percentile < 0.1)
 672                                                         || (new_percentile > 100.0))
 673                                                 fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid percentile: %s\n",
 674                                                                 optarg);
 675                                         else
 676                                                 opt_percentile = new_percentile;
 677                                 }
 678                                 break;
 679
 680 #if USE_NCURSES
 681                         case 'u':
 682                                 opt_utf8 = 2;
 683                                 break;
 684                         case 'U':
 685                                 opt_utf8 = 1;
 686                                 break;
 687 #endif
 688
 689                         case 'Z':
 690                         {
 691                                 char *endptr = NULL;
 692                                 double tmp;
 693
 694                                 errno = 0;
 695                                 tmp = strtod (optarg, &endptr);
 696                                 if ((errno != 0) || (endptr == NULL) || (*endptr != 0) || (tmp < 0.0) || (tmp > 100.0))
 697                                 {
 698                                         fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid -Z argument: %s\n", optarg);
 699                                         fprintf (stderr, "The \"-Z\" option requires a numeric argument between 0 and 100.\n");
 700                                 }
 701                                 else
 702                                         opt_exit_status_threshold = tmp / 100.0;
 703
 704                                 break;
 705                         }
 706
 707                         case 'h':
 708                                 usage_exit (argv[0], 0);
 709                                 break;
 710                         default:
 711                                 usage_exit (argv[0], 1);
 712                 }
 713         }
 714
 715         if (opt_percentile <= 0.0)
 716                 opt_percentile = OPING_DEFAULT_PERCENTILE;
 717
 718         return (optind);
 719 } /* }}} read_options */
 720
 721 static void time_normalize (struct timespec *ts) /* {{{ */
 722 {
 723         while (ts->tv_nsec < 0)
 724         {
 725                 if (ts->tv_sec == 0)
 726                 {
 727                         ts->tv_nsec = 0;
 728                         return;
 729                 }
 730
 731                 ts->tv_sec  -= 1;
 732                 ts->tv_nsec += 1000000000;
 733         }
 734
 735         while (ts->tv_nsec >= 1000000000)
 736         {
 737                 ts->tv_sec  += 1;
 738                 ts->tv_nsec -= 1000000000;
 739         }
 740 } /* }}} void time_normalize */
 741
 742 static void time_calc (struct timespec *ts_dest, /* {{{ */
 743                 const struct timespec *ts_int,
 744                 const struct timeval  *tv_begin,
 745                 const struct timeval  *tv_end)
 746 {
 747         ts_dest->tv_sec = tv_begin->tv_sec + ts_int->tv_sec;
 748         ts_dest->tv_nsec = (tv_begin->tv_usec * 1000) + ts_int->tv_nsec;
 749         time_normalize (ts_dest);
 750
 751         /* Assure that `(begin + interval) > end'.
 752          * This may seem overly complicated, but `tv_sec' is of type `time_t'
 753          * which may be `unsigned. *sigh* */
 754         if ((tv_end->tv_sec > ts_dest->tv_sec)
 755                         || ((tv_end->tv_sec == ts_dest->tv_sec)
 756                                 && ((tv_end->tv_usec * 1000) > ts_dest->tv_nsec)))
 757         {
 758                 ts_dest->tv_sec  = 0;
 759                 ts_dest->tv_nsec = 0;
 760                 return;
 761         }
 762
 763         ts_dest->tv_sec = ts_dest->tv_sec - tv_end->tv_sec;
 764         ts_dest->tv_nsec = ts_dest->tv_nsec - (tv_end->tv_usec * 1000);
 765         time_normalize (ts_dest);
 766 } /* }}} void time_calc */
 767
 768 #if USE_NCURSES
 769 static _Bool has_utf8() /* {{{ */
 770 {
 771 # if HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H
 772         if (!opt_utf8)
 773         {
 774                 /* Automatically determine */
 775                 if (strcasecmp ("UTF-8", nl_langinfo (CODESET)) == 0)
 776                         opt_utf8 = 2;
 777                 else
 778                         opt_utf8 = 1;
 779         }
 780         return ((_Bool) (opt_utf8 - 1));
 781 # else
 782         return (0);
 783 # endif
 784 } /* }}} _Bool has_utf8 */
 785
 786 static int update_boxplot (ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
 787 {
 788         uint32_t *accumulated;
 789         double *ratios;
 790         uint32_t num;
 791         size_t i;
 792         size_t x_max;
 793         size_t x;
 794
 795         x_max = (size_t) getmaxx (ctx->window);
 796         if (x_max <= 4)
 797                 return (EINVAL);
 798         x_max -= 4;
 799
 800         accumulated = calloc (x_max, sizeof (*accumulated));
 801         ratios = calloc (x_max, sizeof (*ratios));
 802
 803         /* Downsample */
 804         for (i = 0; i < ctx->latency_histogram_size; i++)
 805         {
 806                 x = i * x_max / ctx->latency_histogram_size;
 807                 accumulated[x] += ctx->latency_histogram[i];
 808         }
 809
 810         /* Sum */
 811         for (x = 1; x < x_max; x++)
 812                 accumulated[x] += accumulated[x - 1];
 813
 814         num = accumulated[x_max - 1];
 815
 816         /* Calculate ratios */
 817         for (x = 0; x < x_max; x++)
 818                 ratios[x] = ((double) accumulated[x]) / ((double) num);
 819
 820         for (x = 0; x < x_max; x++)
 821         {
 822                 int symbol = ' ';
 823                 _Bool reverse = 0;
 824
 825                 if (x == 0)
 826                 {
 827                         if (ratios[x] >= 0.5)
 828                         {
 829                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_MEDIAN;
 830                                 reverse = 1;
 831                         }
 832                         else if (ratios[x] > 0.25)
 833                         {
 834                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_BOX;
 835                                 reverse = 1;
 836                         }
 837                         else if (ratios[x] > 0.025)
 838                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR;
 839                         else
 840                                 symbol = ' '; /* NOP */
 841                 }
 842                 else /* (x != 0) */
 843                 {
 844                         if ((ratios[x - 1] < 0.5) && (ratios[x] >= 0.5))
 845                         {
 846                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_MEDIAN;
 847                                 reverse = 1;
 848                         }
 849                         else if (((ratios[x] >= 0.25) && (ratios[x] <= 0.75))
 850                                         || ((ratios[x - 1] < 0.75) && (ratios[x] > 0.75)))
 851                         {
 852                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_BOX;
 853                                 reverse = 1;
 854                         }
 855                         else if ((ratios[x] < 0.5) && (ratios[x] >= 0.025))
 856                         {
 857                                 if (ratios[x - 1] < 0.025)
 858                                         symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_LEFT_END;
 859                                 else
 860                                         symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR;
 861                         }
 862                         else if ((ratios[x] > .5) && (ratios[x] < 0.975))
 863                         {
 864                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR;
 865                         }
 866                         else if ((ratios[x] >= 0.975) && (ratios[x - 1] < 0.975))
 867                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_RIGHT_END;
 868                 }
 869
 870                 if (reverse)
 871                         wattron (ctx->window, A_REVERSE);
 872                 mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ (int) (x + 2), symbol);
 873                 // mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ (int) (x + 2), symbol);
 874                 if (reverse)
 875                         wattroff (ctx->window, A_REVERSE);
 876         }
 877
 878         free (ratios);
 879         free (accumulated);
 880         return (0);
 881 } /* }}} int update_boxplot */
 882
 883 static int update_prettyping_graph (ping_context_t *ctx, /* {{{ */
 884                 double latency, unsigned int sequence)
 885 {
 886         int color = OPING_RED;
 887         char const *symbol = "!";
 888         int symbolc = '!';
 889
 890         int x_max;
 891         int x_pos;
 892
 893         x_max = getmaxx (ctx->window);
 894         x_pos = ((sequence - 1) % (x_max - 4)) + 2;
 895
 896         if (latency >= 0.0)
 897         {
 898                 double ratio;
 899
 900                 size_t symbols_num = hist_symbols_acs_num;
 901                 size_t colors_num = 1;
 902
 903                 size_t index_symbols;
 904                 size_t index_colors;
 905                 size_t intensity;
 906
 907                 /* latency is in milliseconds, opt_interval is in seconds. */
 908                 ratio = (latency * 0.001) / opt_interval;
 909                 if (ratio > 1) {
 910                         ratio = 1.0;
 911                 }
 912
 913                 if (has_utf8 ())
 914                         symbols_num = hist_symbols_utf8_num;
 915
 916                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
 917                         colors_num = hist_colors_num;
 918
 919                 intensity = (size_t) (ratio * ((double) (symbols_num * colors_num)));
 920                 if (intensity >= (symbols_num * colors_num))
 921                         intensity = (symbols_num * colors_num) - 1;
 922
 923                 index_symbols = intensity % symbols_num;
 924                 assert (index_symbols < symbols_num);
 925
 926                 index_colors = intensity / symbols_num;
 927                 assert (index_colors < colors_num);
 928
 929                 if (has_utf8())
 930                 {
 931                         color = hist_colors_utf8[index_colors];
 932                         symbol = hist_symbols_utf8[index_symbols];
 933                 }
 934                 else
 935                 {
 936                         color = hist_colors_acs[index_colors];
 937                         symbolc = hist_symbols_acs[index_symbols] | A_ALTCHARSET;
 938                 }
 939         }
 940         else /* if (!(latency >= 0.0)) */
 941                 wattron (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
 942
 943         if (has_colors () == TRUE)
 944                 wattron (ctx->window, COLOR_PAIR(color));
 945
 946         if (has_utf8())
 947                 mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x_pos, symbol);
 948         else
 949                 mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x_pos, symbolc);
 950
 951         if (has_colors () == TRUE)
 952                 wattroff (ctx->window, COLOR_PAIR(color));
 953
 954         /* Use negation here to handle NaN correctly. */
 955         if (!(latency >= 0.0))
 956                 wattroff (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
 957
 958         wprintw (ctx->window, " ");
 959         return (0);
 960 } /* }}} int update_prettyping_graph */
 961
 962 static int update_stats_from_context (ping_context_t *ctx, pingobj_iter_t *iter) /* {{{ */
 963 {
 964         double latency = -1.0;
 965         size_t buffer_len = sizeof (latency);
 966
 967         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_LATENCY,
 968                         &latency, &buffer_len);
 969
 970         unsigned int sequence = 0;
 971         buffer_len = sizeof (sequence);
 972         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_SEQUENCE,
 973                         &sequence, &buffer_len);
 974
 975
 976         if ((ctx == NULL) || (ctx->window == NULL))
 977                 return (EINVAL);
 978
 979         /* werase (ctx->window); */
 980
 981         box (ctx->window, 0, 0);
 982         wattron (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
 983         mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 0, /* x = */ 5,
 984                         " %s ", ctx->host);
 985         wattroff (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
 986         wprintw (ctx->window, "ping statistics ");
 987         mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 1, /* x = */ 2,
 988                         "%i packets transmitted, %i received, %.2f%% packet "
 989                         "loss, time %.1fms",
 990                         ctx->req_sent, ctx->req_rcvd,
 991                         context_get_packet_loss (ctx),
 992                         ctx->latency_total);
 993         if (ctx->req_rcvd != 0)
 994         {
 995                 double average;
 996                 double deviation;
 997                 double percentile;
 998
 999                 average = context_get_average (ctx);
1000                 deviation = context_get_stddev (ctx);
1001                 percentile = context_get_percentile (ctx, opt_percentile);
1002
1003                 mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 2, /* x = */ 2,
1004                                 "rtt min/avg/%.0f%%/max/sdev = "
1005                                 "%.3f/%.3f/%.0f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1006                                 opt_percentile,
1007                                 ctx->latency_min,
1008                                 average,
1009                                 percentile,
1010                                 ctx->latency_max,
1011                                 deviation);
1012         }
1013
1014         update_prettyping_graph (ctx, latency, sequence);
1015
1016         wrefresh (ctx->window);
1017
1018         return (0);
1019 } /* }}} int update_stats_from_context */
1020
1021 static int on_resize (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1022 {
1023         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1024         int width = 0;
1025         int height = 0;
1026         int main_win_height;
1027
1028         getmaxyx (stdscr, height, width);
1029         if ((height < 1) || (width < 1))
1030                 return (EINVAL);
1031
1032         main_win_height = height - (5 * host_num);
1033         wresize (main_win, main_win_height, /* width = */ width);
1034         /* Allow scrolling */
1035         scrollok (main_win, TRUE);
1036         /* wsetscrreg (main_win, 0, main_win_height - 1); */
1037         /* Allow hardware accelerated scrolling. */
1038         idlok (main_win, TRUE);
1039         wrefresh (main_win);
1040
1041         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1042                         iter != NULL;
1043                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1044         {
1045                 ping_context_t *context;
1046
1047                 context = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1048                 if (context == NULL)
1049                         continue;
1050
1051                 if (context->window != NULL)
1052                 {
1053                         delwin (context->window);
1054                         context->window = NULL;
1055                 }
1056                 context->window = newwin (/* height = */ 5,
1057                                 /* width = */ width,
1058                                 /* y = */ main_win_height + (5 * context->index),
1059                                 /* x = */ 0);
1060         }
1061
1062         return (0);
1063 } /* }}} */
1064
1065 static int check_resize (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1066 {
1067         int need_resize = 0;
1068
1069         while (42)
1070         {
1071                 int key = wgetch (stdscr);
1072                 if (key == ERR)
1073                         break;
1074                 else if (key == KEY_RESIZE)
1075                         need_resize = 1;
1076         }
1077
1078         if (need_resize)
1079                 return (on_resize (ping));
1080         else
1081                 return (0);
1082 } /* }}} int check_resize */
1083
1084 static int pre_loop_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1085 {
1086         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1087         int width = 0;
1088         int height = 0;
1089         int main_win_height;
1090
1091         initscr ();
1092         cbreak ();
1093         noecho ();
1094         nodelay (stdscr, TRUE);
1095
1096         getmaxyx (stdscr, height, width);
1097         if ((height < 1) || (width < 1))
1098                 return (EINVAL);
1099
1100         if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1101         {
1102                 start_color ();
1103                 init_pair (OPING_GREEN,  COLOR_GREEN,  /* default = */ 0);
1104                 init_pair (OPING_YELLOW, COLOR_YELLOW, /* default = */ 0);
1105                 init_pair (OPING_RED,    COLOR_RED,    /* default = */ 0);
1106                 init_pair (OPING_GREEN_HIST,  COLOR_GREEN,  COLOR_BLACK);
1107                 init_pair (OPING_YELLOW_HIST, COLOR_YELLOW, COLOR_GREEN);
1108                 init_pair (OPING_RED_HIST,    COLOR_RED,    COLOR_YELLOW);
1109         }
1110
1111         main_win_height = height - (5 * host_num);
1112         main_win = newwin (/* height = */ main_win_height,
1113                         /* width = */ width,
1114                         /* y = */ 0, /* x = */ 0);
1115         /* Allow scrolling */
1116         scrollok (main_win, TRUE);
1117         /* wsetscrreg (main_win, 0, main_win_height - 1); */
1118         /* Allow hardware accelerated scrolling. */
1119         idlok (main_win, TRUE);
1120         wmove (main_win, /* y = */ main_win_height - 1, /* x = */ 0);
1121         wrefresh (main_win);
1122
1123         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1124                         iter != NULL;
1125                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1126         {
1127                 ping_context_t *context;
1128
1129                 context = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1130                 if (context == NULL)
1131                         continue;
1132
1133                 if (context->window != NULL)
1134                 {
1135                         delwin (context->window);
1136                         context->window = NULL;
1137                 }
1138                 context->window = newwin (/* height = */ 5,
1139                                 /* width = */ width,
1140                                 /* y = */ main_win_height + (5 * context->index),
1141                                 /* x = */ 0);
1142         }
1143
1144
1145         /* Don't know what good this does exactly, but without this code
1146          * "check_resize" will be called right after startup and *somehow*
1147          * this leads to display errors. If we purge all initial characters
1148          * here, the problem goes away. "wgetch" is non-blocking due to
1149          * "nodelay" (see above). */
1150         while (wgetch (stdscr) != ERR)
1151         {
1152                 /* eat up characters */;
1153         }
1154
1155         return (0);
1156 } /* }}} int pre_loop_hook */
1157
1158 static int pre_sleep_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1159 {
1160         return (check_resize (ping));
1161 } /* }}} int pre_sleep_hook */
1162
1163 static int post_sleep_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1164 {
1165         return (check_resize (ping));
1166 } /* }}} int pre_sleep_hook */
1167 #else /* if !USE_NCURSES */
1168 static int pre_loop_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1169 {
1170         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1171
1172         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1173                         iter != NULL;
1174                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1175         {
1176                 ping_context_t *ctx;
1177                 size_t buffer_size;
1178
1179                 ctx = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1180                 if (ctx == NULL)
1181                         continue;
1182
1183                 buffer_size = 0;
1184                 ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_DATA, NULL, &buffer_size);
1185
1186                 printf ("PING %s (%s) %zu bytes of data.\n",
1187                                 ctx->host, ctx->addr, buffer_size);
1188         }
1189
1190         return (0);
1191 } /* }}} int pre_loop_hook */
1192
1193 static int pre_sleep_hook (__attribute__((unused)) pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1194 {
1195         fflush (stdout);
1196
1197         return (0);
1198 } /* }}} int pre_sleep_hook */
1199
1200 static int post_sleep_hook (__attribute__((unused)) pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1201 {
1202         return (0);
1203 } /* }}} int post_sleep_hook */
1204 #endif
1205
1206 static void update_context (ping_context_t *context, double latency) /* {{{ */
1207 {
1208         size_t bucket;
1209
1210         context->req_rcvd++;
1211         context->latency_total += latency;
1212         context->latency_total_square += (latency * latency);
1213
1214         if ((context->latency_max < 0.0) || (context->latency_max < latency))
1215                 context->latency_max = latency;
1216         if ((context->latency_min < 0.0) || (context->latency_min > latency))
1217                 context->latency_min = latency;
1218
1219         if (context->latency_histogram == NULL)
1220                 return;
1221
1222         /* latency is in ms, opt_interval is in s. */
1223         bucket = (size_t) ((latency * (context->latency_histogram_size - 1))
1224                         / (1000.0 * opt_interval));
1225         if (bucket >= context->latency_histogram_size)
1226                 bucket = context->latency_histogram_size - 1;
1227         context->latency_histogram[bucket]++;
1228 } /* }}} void update_context */
1229
1230 static void update_host_hook (pingobj_iter_t *iter, /* {{{ */
1231                 __attribute__((unused)) int index)
1232 {
1233         double          latency;
1234         unsigned int    sequence;
1235         int             recv_ttl;
1236         uint8_t         recv_qos;
1237         char            recv_qos_str[16];
1238         size_t          buffer_len;
1239         size_t          data_len;
1240         ping_context_t *context;
1241
1242         latency = -1.0;
1243         buffer_len = sizeof (latency);
1244         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_LATENCY,
1245                         &latency, &buffer_len);
1246
1247         sequence = 0;
1248         buffer_len = sizeof (sequence);
1249         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_SEQUENCE,
1250                         &sequence, &buffer_len);
1251
1252         recv_ttl = -1;
1253         buffer_len = sizeof (recv_ttl);
1254         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_RECV_TTL,
1255                         &recv_ttl, &buffer_len);
1256
1257         recv_qos = 0;
1258         buffer_len = sizeof (recv_qos);
1259         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_RECV_QOS,
1260                         &recv_qos, &buffer_len);
1261
1262         data_len = 0;
1263         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_DATA,
1264                         NULL, &data_len);
1265
1266         context = (ping_context_t *) ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1267
1268 #if USE_NCURSES
1269 # define HOST_PRINTF(...) wprintw(main_win, __VA_ARGS__)
1270 #else
1271 # define HOST_PRINTF(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
1272 #endif
1273
1274         context->req_sent++;
1275         if (latency > 0.0)
1276         {
1277                 update_context (context, latency);
1278
1279 #if USE_NCURSES
1280                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1281                 {
1282                         int color = OPING_GREEN;
1283                         double average = context_get_average (context);
1284                         double stddev = context_get_stddev (context);
1285
1286                         if ((latency < (average - (2 * stddev)))
1287                                         || (latency > (average + (2 * stddev))))
1288                                 color = OPING_RED;
1289                         else if ((latency < (average - stddev))
1290                                         || (latency > (average + stddev)))
1291                                 color = OPING_YELLOW;
1292
1293                         HOST_PRINTF ("%zu bytes from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u ttl=%i ",
1294                                         data_len, context->host, context->addr,
1295                                         sequence, recv_ttl,
1296                                         format_qos (recv_qos, recv_qos_str, sizeof (recv_qos_str)));
1297                         if ((recv_qos != 0) || (opt_send_qos != 0))
1298                         {
1299                                 HOST_PRINTF ("qos=%s ",
1300                                                 format_qos (recv_qos, recv_qos_str, sizeof (recv_qos_str)));
1301                         }
1302                         HOST_PRINTF ("time=");
1303                         wattron (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1304                         HOST_PRINTF ("%.2f", latency);
1305                         wattroff (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1306                         HOST_PRINTF (" ms\n");
1307                 }
1308                 else
1309                 {
1310 #endif
1311                 HOST_PRINTF ("%zu bytes from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u ttl=%i ",
1312                                 data_len,
1313                                 context->host, context->addr,
1314                                 sequence, recv_ttl);
1315                 if ((recv_qos != 0) || (opt_send_qos != 0))
1316                 {
1317                         HOST_PRINTF ("qos=%s ",
1318                                         format_qos (recv_qos, recv_qos_str, sizeof (recv_qos_str)));
1319                 }
1320                 HOST_PRINTF ("time=%.2f ms\n", latency);
1321 #if USE_NCURSES
1322                 }
1323 #endif
1324         }
1325         else
1326         {
1327 #if USE_NCURSES
1328                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1329                 {
1330                         HOST_PRINTF ("echo reply from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u ",
1331                                         context->host, context->addr,
1332                                         sequence);
1333                         wattron (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(OPING_RED) | A_BOLD);
1334                         HOST_PRINTF ("timeout");
1335                         wattroff (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(OPING_RED) | A_BOLD);
1336                         HOST_PRINTF ("\n");
1337                 }
1338                 else
1339                 {
1340 #endif
1341                 HOST_PRINTF ("echo reply from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u timeout\n",
1342                                 context->host, context->addr,
1343                                 sequence);
1344 #if USE_NCURSES
1345                 }
1346 #endif
1347         }
1348
1349 #if USE_NCURSES
1350         update_stats_from_context (context, iter);
1351         wrefresh (main_win);
1352 #endif
1353 } /* }}} void update_host_hook */
1354
1355 /* Prints statistics for each host, cleans up the contexts and returns the
1356  * number of hosts which failed to return more than the fraction
1357  * opt_exit_status_threshold of pings. */
1358 static int post_loop_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1359 {
1360         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1361         int failure_count = 0;
1362
1363 #if USE_NCURSES
1364         endwin ();
1365 #endif
1366
1367         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1368                         iter != NULL;
1369                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1370         {
1371                 ping_context_t *context;
1372
1373                 context = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1374
1375                 printf ("\n--- %s ping statistics ---\n"
1376                                 "%i packets transmitted, %i received, %.2f%% packet loss, time %.1fms\n",
1377                                 context->host, context->req_sent, context->req_rcvd,
1378                                 context_get_packet_loss (context),
1379                                 context->latency_total);
1380
1381                 {
1382                         double pct_failed = 1.0 - (((double) context->req_rcvd)
1383                                         / ((double) context->req_sent));
1384                         if (pct_failed > opt_exit_status_threshold)
1385                                 failure_count++;
1386                 }
1387
1388                 if (context->req_rcvd != 0)
1389                 {
1390                         double average;
1391                         double deviation;
1392                         double percentile;
1393
1394                         average = context_get_average (context);
1395                         deviation = context_get_stddev (context);
1396                         percentile = context_get_percentile (context, opt_percentile);
1397
1398                         printf ("rtt min/avg/%.0f%%/max/sdev = "
1399                                         "%.3f/%.3f/%.0f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1400                                         opt_percentile,
1401                                         context->latency_min,
1402                                         average,
1403                                         percentile,
1404                                         context->latency_max,
1405                                         deviation);
1406                 }
1407
1408                 ping_iterator_set_context (iter, NULL);
1409                 context_destroy (context);
1410         }
1411
1412         return (failure_count);
1413 } /* }}} int post_loop_hook */
1414
1415 int main (int argc, char **argv) /* {{{ */
1416 {
1417         pingobj_t      *ping;
1418         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1419
1420         struct sigaction sigint_action;
1421
1422         struct timeval  tv_begin;
1423         struct timeval  tv_end;
1424         struct timespec ts_wait;
1425         struct timespec ts_int;
1426
1427         int optind;
1428         int i;
1429         int status;
1430 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1431         uid_t saved_set_uid;
1432
1433         /* Save the old effective user id */
1434         saved_set_uid = geteuid ();
1435         /* Set the effective user ID to the real user ID without changing the
1436          * saved set-user ID */
1437         status = seteuid (getuid ());
1438         if (status != 0)
1439         {
1440                 fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily dropping privileges "
1441                                 "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1442                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1443         }
1444 #endif
1445
1446         setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
1447         optind = read_options (argc, argv);
1448
1449 #if !_POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1450         /* Cannot temporarily drop privileges -> reject every file but "-". */
1451         if ((opt_filename != NULL)
1452                         && (strcmp ("-", opt_filename) != 0)
1453                         && (getuid () != geteuid ()))
1454         {
1455                 fprintf (stderr, "Your real and effective user IDs don't "
1456                                 "match. Reading from a file (option '-f')\n"
1457                                 "is therefore too risky. You can still read "
1458                                 "from STDIN using '-f -' if you like.\n"
1459                                 "Sorry.\n");
1460                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1461         }
1462 #endif
1463
1464         if ((optind >= argc) && (opt_filename == NULL)) {
1465                 usage_exit (argv[0], 1);
1466         }
1467
1468         if ((ping = ping_construct ()) == NULL)
1469         {
1470                 fprintf (stderr, "ping_construct failed\n");
1471                 return (1);
1472         }
1473
1474         if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_TTL, &opt_send_ttl) != 0)
1475         {
1476                 fprintf (stderr, "Setting TTL to %i failed: %s\n",
1477                                 opt_send_ttl, ping_get_error (ping));
1478         }
1479
1480         if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_QOS, &opt_send_qos) != 0)
1481         {
1482                 fprintf (stderr, "Setting TOS to %i failed: %s\n",
1483                                 opt_send_qos, ping_get_error (ping));
1484         }
1485
1486         {
1487                 double temp_sec;
1488                 double temp_nsec;
1489
1490                 temp_nsec = modf (opt_interval, &temp_sec);
1491                 ts_int.tv_sec  = (time_t) temp_sec;
1492                 ts_int.tv_nsec = (long) (temp_nsec * 1000000000L);
1493
1494                 /* printf ("ts_int = %i.%09li\n", (int) ts_int.tv_sec, ts_int.tv_nsec); */
1495         }
1496
1497         if (opt_addrfamily != PING_DEF_AF)
1498                 ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_AF, (void *) &opt_addrfamily);
1499
1500         if (opt_srcaddr != NULL)
1501         {
1502                 if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_SOURCE, (void *) opt_srcaddr) != 0)
1503                 {
1504                         fprintf (stderr, "Setting source address failed: %s\n",
1505                                         ping_get_error (ping));
1506                 }
1507         }
1508
1509         if (opt_device != NULL)
1510         {
1511                 if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_DEVICE, (void *) opt_device) != 0)
1512                 {
1513                         fprintf (stderr, "Setting device failed: %s\n",
1514                                         ping_get_error (ping));
1515                 }
1516         }
1517
1518         if (opt_filename != NULL)
1519         {
1520                 FILE *infile;
1521                 char line[256];
1522                 char host[256];
1523
1524                 if (strcmp (opt_filename, "-") == 0)
1525                         /* Open STDIN */
1526                         infile = fdopen(0, "r");
1527                 else
1528                         infile = fopen(opt_filename, "r");
1529
1530                 if (infile == NULL)
1531                 {
1532                         fprintf (stderr, "Opening %s failed: %s\n",
1533                                         (strcmp (opt_filename, "-") == 0)
1534                                         ? "STDIN" : opt_filename,
1535                                         strerror(errno));
1536                         return (1);
1537                 }
1538
1539 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1540                 /* Regain privileges */
1541                 status = seteuid (saved_set_uid);
1542                 if (status != 0)
1543                 {
1544                         fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily re-gaining privileges "
1545                                         "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1546                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1547                 }
1548 #endif
1549
1550                 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), infile))
1551                 {
1552                         /* Strip whitespace */
1553                         if (sscanf(line, "%s", host) != 1)
1554                                 continue;
1555
1556                         if ((host[0] == 0) || (host[0] == '#'))
1557                                 continue;
1558
1559                         if (ping_host_add(ping, host) < 0)
1560                         {
1561                                 const char *errmsg = ping_get_error (ping);
1562
1563                                 fprintf (stderr, "Adding host `%s' failed: %s\n", host, errmsg);
1564                                 continue;
1565                         }
1566                         else
1567                         {
1568                                 host_num++;
1569                         }
1570                 }
1571
1572 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1573                 /* Drop privileges */
1574                 status = seteuid (getuid ());
1575                 if (status != 0)
1576                 {
1577                         fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily dropping privileges "
1578                                         "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1579                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1580                 }
1581 #endif
1582
1583                 fclose(infile);
1584         }
1585
1586 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1587         /* Regain privileges */
1588         status = seteuid (saved_set_uid);
1589         if (status != 0)
1590         {
1591                 fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily re-gaining privileges "
1592                                 "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1593                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1594         }
1595 #endif
1596
1597         for (i = optind; i < argc; i++)
1598         {
1599                 if (ping_host_add (ping, argv[i]) < 0)
1600                 {
1601                         const char *errmsg = ping_get_error (ping);
1602
1603                         fprintf (stderr, "Adding host `%s' failed: %s\n", argv[i], errmsg);
1604                         continue;
1605                 }
1606                 else
1607                 {
1608                         host_num++;
1609                 }
1610         }
1611
1612         /* Permanently drop root privileges if we're setuid-root. */
1613         status = setuid (getuid ());
1614         if (status != 0)
1615         {
1616                 fprintf (stderr, "Dropping privileges failed: %s\n",
1617                                 strerror (errno));
1618                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1619         }
1620
1621 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1622         saved_set_uid = (uid_t) -1;
1623 #endif
1624
1625         ping_initialize_contexts (ping);
1626
1627         if (i == 0)
1628                 return (1);
1629
1630         memset (&sigint_action, '\0', sizeof (sigint_action));
1631         sigint_action.sa_handler = sigint_handler;
1632         if (sigaction (SIGINT, &sigint_action, NULL) < 0)
1633         {
1634                 perror ("sigaction");
1635                 return (1);
1636         }
1637
1638         pre_loop_hook (ping);
1639
1640         while (opt_count != 0)
1641         {
1642                 int index;
1643                 int status;
1644
1645                 if (gettimeofday (&tv_begin, NULL) < 0)
1646                 {
1647                         perror ("gettimeofday");
1648                         return (1);
1649                 }
1650
1651                 status = ping_send (ping);
1652                 if (status == -EINTR)
1653                 {
1654                         continue;
1655                 }
1656                 else if (status < 0)
1657                 {
1658                         fprintf (stderr, "ping_send failed: %s\n",
1659                                         ping_get_error (ping));
1660                         return (1);
1661                 }
1662
1663                 index = 0;
1664                 for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1665                                 iter != NULL;
1666                                 iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1667                 {
1668                         update_host_hook (iter, index);
1669                         index++;
1670                 }
1671
1672                 pre_sleep_hook (ping);
1673
1674                 /* Don't sleep in the last iteration */
1675                 if (opt_count == 1)
1676                         break;
1677
1678                 if (gettimeofday (&tv_end, NULL) < 0)
1679                 {
1680                         perror ("gettimeofday");
1681                         return (1);
1682                 }
1683
1684                 time_calc (&ts_wait, &ts_int, &tv_begin, &tv_end);
1685
1686                 /* printf ("Sleeping for %i.%09li seconds\n", (int) ts_wait.tv_sec, ts_wait.tv_nsec); */
1687                 while ((status = nanosleep (&ts_wait, &ts_wait)) != 0)
1688                 {
1689                         if (errno == EINTR)
1690                         {
1691                                 continue;
1692                         }
1693                         else
1694                         {
1695                                 perror ("nanosleep");
1696                                 break;
1697                         }
1698                 }
1699
1700                 post_sleep_hook (ping);
1701
1702                 if (opt_count > 0)
1703                         opt_count--;
1704         } /* while (opt_count != 0) */
1705
1706         /* Returns the number of failed hosts according to -Z. */
1707         status = post_loop_hook (ping);
1708
1709         ping_destroy (ping);
1710
1711         if (status == 0)
1712                 exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1713         else
1714         {
1715                 if (status > 255)
1716                         status = 255;
1717                 exit (status);
1718         }
1719 } /* }}} int main */
1720
1721 /* vim: set fdm=marker : */