Code

get_author_initials: various fixes
[tig.git] / tig.c
diff --git a/tig.c b/tig.c
index 718e6c2d186254f5cca36a5fcee1742d7b9265ed..b0032ea67a9fd869b658fa3e984c38007a6250d6 100644 (file)
--- a/tig.c
+++ b/tig.c
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
  */
 
 #include "tig.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "graph.h"
 
 static void __NORETURN die(const char *err, ...);
 static void warn(const char *msg, ...);
@@ -59,24 +61,21 @@ struct menu_item {
 
 static bool prompt_menu(const char *prompt, const struct menu_item *items, int *selected);
 
-#define DATE_INFO \
-       DATE_(NO), \
-       DATE_(DEFAULT), \
-       DATE_(LOCAL), \
-       DATE_(RELATIVE), \
-       DATE_(SHORT)
-
-enum date {
-#define DATE_(name) DATE_##name
-       DATE_INFO
-#undef DATE_
-};
+#define GRAPHIC_ENUM(_) \
+       _(GRAPHIC, ASCII), \
+       _(GRAPHIC, DEFAULT), \
+       _(GRAPHIC, UTF_8)
 
-static const struct enum_map date_map[] = {
-#define DATE_(name) ENUM_MAP(#name, DATE_##name)
-       DATE_INFO
-#undef DATE_
-};
+DEFINE_ENUM(graphic, GRAPHIC_ENUM);
+
+#define DATE_ENUM(_) \
+       _(DATE, NO), \
+       _(DATE, DEFAULT), \
+       _(DATE, LOCAL), \
+       _(DATE, RELATIVE), \
+       _(DATE, SHORT)
+
+DEFINE_ENUM(date, DATE_ENUM);
 
 struct time {
        time_t sec;
@@ -138,23 +137,12 @@ mkdate(const struct time *time, enum date date)
 }
 
 
-#define AUTHOR_VALUES \
-       AUTHOR_(NO), \
-       AUTHOR_(FULL), \
-       AUTHOR_(ABBREVIATED)
+#define AUTHOR_ENUM(_) \
+       _(AUTHOR, NO), \
+       _(AUTHOR, FULL), \
+       _(AUTHOR, ABBREVIATED)
 
-enum author {
-#define AUTHOR_(name) AUTHOR_##name
-       AUTHOR_VALUES,
-#undef AUTHOR_
-       AUTHOR_DEFAULT = AUTHOR_FULL
-};
-
-static const struct enum_map author_map[] = {
-#define AUTHOR_(name) ENUM_MAP(#name, AUTHOR_##name)
-       AUTHOR_VALUES
-#undef AUTHOR_
-};
+DEFINE_ENUM(author, AUTHOR_ENUM);
 
 static const char *
 get_author_initials(const char *author)
@@ -170,474 +158,65 @@ get_author_initials(const char *author)
                unsigned char bytes;
                size_t i;
 
-               while (is_initial_sep(*author))
+               while (author < end && is_initial_sep(*author))
                        author++;
 
                bytes = utf8_char_length(author, end);
-               if (bytes < sizeof(initials) - 1 - pos) {
-                       while (bytes--) {
-                               initials[pos++] = *author++;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               for (i = pos; author < end && !is_initial_sep(*author); author++) {
-                       if (i < sizeof(initials) - 1)
-                               initials[i++] = *author;
-               }
-
-               initials[i++] = 0;
-       }
-
-       return initials;
-}
-
-
-static bool
-argv_from_string(const char *argv[SIZEOF_ARG], int *argc, char *cmd)
-{
-       int valuelen;
-
-       while (*cmd && *argc < SIZEOF_ARG && (valuelen = strcspn(cmd, " \t"))) {
-               bool advance = cmd[valuelen] != 0;
-
-               cmd[valuelen] = 0;
-               argv[(*argc)++] = chomp_string(cmd);
-               cmd = chomp_string(cmd + valuelen + advance);
-       }
-
-       if (*argc < SIZEOF_ARG)
-               argv[*argc] = NULL;
-       return *argc < SIZEOF_ARG;
-}
-
-static bool
-argv_from_env(const char **argv, const char *name)
-{
-       char *env = argv ? getenv(name) : NULL;
-       int argc = 0;
-
-       if (env && *env)
-               env = strdup(env);
-       return !env || argv_from_string(argv, &argc, env);
-}
-
-static void
-argv_free(const char *argv[])
-{
-       int argc;
-
-       if (!argv)
-               return;
-       for (argc = 0; argv[argc]; argc++)
-               free((void *) argv[argc]);
-       argv[0] = NULL;
-}
-
-static size_t
-argv_size(const char **argv)
-{
-       int argc = 0;
-
-       while (argv && argv[argc])
-               argc++;
-
-       return argc;
-}
-
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(argv_realloc, const char *, SIZEOF_ARG)
-
-static bool
-argv_append(const char ***argv, const char *arg)
-{
-       size_t argc = argv_size(*argv);
-
-       if (!argv_realloc(argv, argc, 2))
-               return FALSE;
-
-       (*argv)[argc++] = strdup(arg);
-       (*argv)[argc] = NULL;
-       return TRUE;
-}
-
-static bool
-argv_append_array(const char ***dst_argv, const char *src_argv[])
-{
-       int i;
-
-       for (i = 0; src_argv && src_argv[i]; i++)
-               if (!argv_append(dst_argv, src_argv[i]))
-                       return FALSE;
-       return TRUE;
-}
-
-static bool
-argv_copy(const char ***dst, const char *src[])
-{
-       int argc;
-
-       for (argc = 0; src[argc]; argc++)
-               if (!argv_append(dst, src[argc]))
-                       return FALSE;
-       return TRUE;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Executing external commands.
- */
-
-enum io_type {
-       IO_FD,                  /* File descriptor based IO. */
-       IO_BG,                  /* Execute command in the background. */
-       IO_FG,                  /* Execute command with same std{in,out,err}. */
-       IO_RD,                  /* Read only fork+exec IO. */
-       IO_WR,                  /* Write only fork+exec IO. */
-       IO_AP,                  /* Append fork+exec output to file. */
-};
-
-struct io {
-       int pipe;               /* Pipe end for reading or writing. */
-       pid_t pid;              /* PID of spawned process. */
-       int error;              /* Error status. */
-       char *buf;              /* Read buffer. */
-       size_t bufalloc;        /* Allocated buffer size. */
-       size_t bufsize;         /* Buffer content size. */
-       char *bufpos;           /* Current buffer position. */
-       unsigned int eof:1;     /* Has end of file been reached. */
-};
-
-static void
-io_init(struct io *io)
-{
-       memset(io, 0, sizeof(*io));
-       io->pipe = -1;
-}
-
-static bool
-io_open(struct io *io, const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-       char name[SIZEOF_STR] = "";
-       bool fits;
-       va_list args;
-
-       io_init(io);
-
-       va_start(args, fmt);
-       fits = vsnprintf(name, sizeof(name), fmt, args) < sizeof(name);
-       va_end(args);
-
-       if (!fits) {
-               io->error = ENAMETOOLONG;
-               return FALSE;
-       }
-       io->pipe = *name ? open(name, O_RDONLY) : STDIN_FILENO;
-       if (io->pipe == -1)
-               io->error = errno;
-       return io->pipe != -1;
-}
-
-static bool
-io_kill(struct io *io)
-{
-       return io->pid == 0 || kill(io->pid, SIGKILL) != -1;
-}
-
-static bool
-io_done(struct io *io)
-{
-       pid_t pid = io->pid;
-
-       if (io->pipe != -1)
-               close(io->pipe);
-       free(io->buf);
-       io_init(io);
-
-       while (pid > 0) {
-               int status;
-               pid_t waiting = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
-
-               if (waiting < 0) {
-                       if (errno == EINTR)
-                               continue;
-                       io->error = errno;
-                       return FALSE;
-               }
-
-               return waiting == pid &&
-                      !WIFSIGNALED(status) &&
-                      WIFEXITED(status) &&
-                      !WEXITSTATUS(status);
-       }
-
-       return TRUE;
-}
-
-static bool
-io_run(struct io *io, enum io_type type, const char *dir, const char *argv[], ...)
-{
-       int pipefds[2] = { -1, -1 };
-       va_list args;
-
-       io_init(io);
-
-       if ((type == IO_RD || type == IO_WR) && pipe(pipefds) < 0) {
-               io->error = errno;
-               return FALSE;
-       } else if (type == IO_AP) {
-               va_start(args, argv);
-               pipefds[1] = va_arg(args, int);
-               va_end(args);
-       }
-
-       if ((io->pid = fork())) {
-               if (io->pid == -1)
-                       io->error = errno;
-               if (pipefds[!(type == IO_WR)] != -1)
-                       close(pipefds[!(type == IO_WR)]);
-               if (io->pid != -1) {
-                       io->pipe = pipefds[!!(type == IO_WR)];
-                       return TRUE;
-               }
-
-       } else {
-               if (type != IO_FG) {
-                       int devnull = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-                       int readfd  = type == IO_WR ? pipefds[0] : devnull;
-                       int writefd = (type == IO_RD || type == IO_AP)
-                                                       ? pipefds[1] : devnull;
-
-                       dup2(readfd,  STDIN_FILENO);
-                       dup2(writefd, STDOUT_FILENO);
-                       dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO);
-
-                       close(devnull);
-                       if (pipefds[0] != -1)
-                               close(pipefds[0]);
-                       if (pipefds[1] != -1)
-                               close(pipefds[1]);
+               if (bytes >= sizeof(initials) - 1 - pos)
+                       break;
+               while (bytes--) {
+                       initials[pos++] = *author++;
                }
 
-               if (dir && *dir && chdir(dir) == -1)
-                       exit(errno);
-
-               execvp(argv[0], (char *const*) argv);
-               exit(errno);
-       }
-
-       if (pipefds[!!(type == IO_WR)] != -1)
-               close(pipefds[!!(type == IO_WR)]);
-       return FALSE;
-}
-
-static bool
-io_complete(enum io_type type, const char **argv, const char *dir, int fd)
-{
-       struct io io;
-
-       return io_run(&io, type, dir, argv, fd) && io_done(&io);
-}
-
-static bool
-io_run_bg(const char **argv)
-{
-       return io_complete(IO_BG, argv, NULL, -1);
-}
-
-static bool
-io_run_fg(const char **argv, const char *dir)
-{
-       return io_complete(IO_FG, argv, dir, -1);
-}
-
-static bool
-io_run_append(const char **argv, int fd)
-{
-       return io_complete(IO_AP, argv, NULL, fd);
-}
-
-static bool
-io_eof(struct io *io)
-{
-       return io->eof;
-}
-
-static int
-io_error(struct io *io)
-{
-       return io->error;
-}
-
-static char *
-io_strerror(struct io *io)
-{
-       return strerror(io->error);
-}
-
-static bool
-io_can_read(struct io *io)
-{
-       struct timeval tv = { 0, 500 };
-       fd_set fds;
-
-       FD_ZERO(&fds);
-       FD_SET(io->pipe, &fds);
-
-       return select(io->pipe + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv) > 0;
-}
-
-static ssize_t
-io_read(struct io *io, void *buf, size_t bufsize)
-{
-       do {
-               ssize_t readsize = read(io->pipe, buf, bufsize);
-
-               if (readsize < 0 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
-                       continue;
-               else if (readsize == -1)
-                       io->error = errno;
-               else if (readsize == 0)
-                       io->eof = 1;
-               return readsize;
-       } while (1);
-}
-
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(io_realloc_buf, char, BUFSIZ)
-
-static char *
-io_get(struct io *io, int c, bool can_read)
-{
-       char *eol;
-       ssize_t readsize;
-
-       while (TRUE) {
-               if (io->bufsize > 0) {
-                       eol = memchr(io->bufpos, c, io->bufsize);
-                       if (eol) {
-                               char *line = io->bufpos;
-
-                               *eol = 0;
-                               io->bufpos = eol + 1;
-                               io->bufsize -= io->bufpos - line;
-                               return line;
+               i = pos;
+               while (author < end && !is_initial_sep(*author)) {
+                       bytes = utf8_char_length(author, end);
+                       if (bytes >= sizeof(initials) - 1 - i) {
+                               while (author < end && !is_initial_sep(*author))
+                                       author++;
+                               break;
                        }
-               }
-
-               if (io_eof(io)) {
-                       if (io->bufsize) {
-                               io->bufpos[io->bufsize] = 0;
-                               io->bufsize = 0;
-                               return io->bufpos;
+                       while (bytes--) {
+                               initials[i++] = *author++;
                        }
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-
-               if (!can_read)
-                       return NULL;
-
-               if (io->bufsize > 0 && io->bufpos > io->buf)
-                       memmove(io->buf, io->bufpos, io->bufsize);
-
-               if (io->bufalloc == io->bufsize) {
-                       if (!io_realloc_buf(&io->buf, io->bufalloc, BUFSIZ))
-                               return NULL;
-                       io->bufalloc += BUFSIZ;
                }
 
-               io->bufpos = io->buf;
-               readsize = io_read(io, io->buf + io->bufsize, io->bufalloc - io->bufsize);
-               if (io_error(io))
-                       return NULL;
-               io->bufsize += readsize;
-       }
-}
-
-static bool
-io_write(struct io *io, const void *buf, size_t bufsize)
-{
-       size_t written = 0;
-
-       while (!io_error(io) && written < bufsize) {
-               ssize_t size;
-
-               size = write(io->pipe, buf + written, bufsize - written);
-               if (size < 0 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
-                       continue;
-               else if (size == -1)
-                       io->error = errno;
-               else
-                       written += size;
-       }
-
-       return written == bufsize;
-}
-
-static bool
-io_read_buf(struct io *io, char buf[], size_t bufsize)
-{
-       char *result = io_get(io, '\n', TRUE);
-
-       if (result) {
-               result = chomp_string(result);
-               string_ncopy_do(buf, bufsize, result, strlen(result));
+               initials[i++] = 0;
        }
 
-       return io_done(io) && result;
-}
-
-static bool
-io_run_buf(const char **argv, char buf[], size_t bufsize)
-{
-       struct io io;
-
-       return io_run(&io, IO_RD, NULL, argv) && io_read_buf(&io, buf, bufsize);
+       return initials;
 }
 
-typedef int (*io_read_fn)(char *, size_t, char *, size_t, void *data);
+#define author_trim(cols) (cols == 0 || cols > 5)
 
-static int
-io_load(struct io *io, const char *separators,
-       io_read_fn read_property, void *data)
+static const char *
+mkauthor(const char *text, int cols, enum author author)
 {
-       char *name;
-       int state = OK;
-
-       while (state == OK && (name = io_get(io, '\n', TRUE))) {
-               char *value;
-               size_t namelen;
-               size_t valuelen;
-
-               name = chomp_string(name);
-               namelen = strcspn(name, separators);
+       bool trim = author_trim(cols);
+       bool abbreviate = author == AUTHOR_ABBREVIATED || !trim;
 
-               if (name[namelen]) {
-                       name[namelen] = 0;
-                       value = chomp_string(name + namelen + 1);
-                       valuelen = strlen(value);
-
-               } else {
-                       value = "";
-                       valuelen = 0;
-               }
-
-               state = read_property(name, namelen, value, valuelen, data);
-       }
-
-       if (state != ERR && io_error(io))
-               state = ERR;
-       io_done(io);
-
-       return state;
+       if (author == AUTHOR_NO)
+               return "";
+       if (abbreviate && text)
+               return get_author_initials(text);
+       return text;
 }
 
-static int
-io_run_load(const char **argv, const char *separators,
-           io_read_fn read_property, void *data)
+static const char *
+mkmode(mode_t mode)
 {
-       struct io io;
-
-       if (!io_run(&io, IO_RD, NULL, argv))
-               return ERR;
-       return io_load(&io, separators, read_property, data);
+       if (S_ISDIR(mode))
+               return "drwxr-xr-x";
+       else if (S_ISLNK(mode))
+               return "lrwxrwxrwx";
+       else if (S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+               return "m---------";
+       else if (S_ISREG(mode) && mode & S_IXUSR)
+               return "-rwxr-xr-x";
+       else if (S_ISREG(mode))
+               return "-rw-r--r--";
+       else
+               return "----------";
 }
 
 
@@ -706,6 +285,7 @@ io_run_load(const char **argv, const char *separators,
        REQ_(TOGGLE_DATE,       "Toggle date display"), \
        REQ_(TOGGLE_AUTHOR,     "Toggle author display"), \
        REQ_(TOGGLE_REV_GRAPH,  "Toggle revision graph visualization"), \
+       REQ_(TOGGLE_GRAPHIC,    "Toggle (line) graphics mode"), \
        REQ_(TOGGLE_REFS,       "Toggle reference display (tags/branches)"), \
        REQ_(TOGGLE_SORT_ORDER, "Toggle ascending/descending sort order"), \
        REQ_(TOGGLE_SORT_FIELD, "Toggle field to sort by"), \
@@ -767,11 +347,11 @@ get_request(const char *name)
  */
 
 /* Option and state variables. */
+static enum graphic opt_line_graphics  = GRAPHIC_DEFAULT;
 static enum date opt_date              = DATE_DEFAULT;
-static enum author opt_author          = AUTHOR_DEFAULT;
+static enum author opt_author          = AUTHOR_FULL;
+static bool opt_rev_graph              = TRUE;
 static bool opt_line_number            = FALSE;
-static bool opt_line_graphics          = TRUE;
-static bool opt_rev_graph              = FALSE;
 static bool opt_show_refs              = TRUE;
 static bool opt_untracked_dirs_content = TRUE;
 static int opt_num_interval            = 5;
@@ -797,6 +377,7 @@ static FILE *opt_tty                        = NULL;
 static const char **opt_diff_argv      = NULL;
 static const char **opt_rev_argv       = NULL;
 static const char **opt_file_argv      = NULL;
+static const char **opt_blame_argv     = NULL;
 
 #define is_initial_commit()    (!get_ref_head())
 #define is_head_commit(rev)    (!strcmp((rev), "HEAD") || (get_ref_head() && !strcmp(rev, get_ref_head()->id)))
@@ -865,7 +446,15 @@ LINE(STAT_UNSTAGED,"",                     COLOR_MAGENTA,  COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
 LINE(STAT_UNTRACKED,"",                        COLOR_MAGENTA,  COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
 LINE(HELP_KEYMAP,  "",                 COLOR_CYAN,     COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
 LINE(HELP_GROUP,   "",                 COLOR_BLUE,     COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
-LINE(BLAME_ID,     "",                 COLOR_MAGENTA,  COLOR_DEFAULT,  0)
+LINE(BLAME_ID,     "",                 COLOR_MAGENTA,  COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
+LINE(GRAPH_LINE_0, "",                 COLOR_MAGENTA,  COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
+LINE(GRAPH_LINE_1, "",                 COLOR_YELLOW,   COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
+LINE(GRAPH_LINE_2, "",                 COLOR_CYAN,     COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
+LINE(GRAPH_LINE_3, "",                 COLOR_GREEN,    COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
+LINE(GRAPH_LINE_4, "",                 COLOR_DEFAULT,  COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
+LINE(GRAPH_LINE_5, "",                 COLOR_WHITE,    COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
+LINE(GRAPH_LINE_6, "",                 COLOR_RED,      COLOR_DEFAULT,  0), \
+LINE(GRAPH_COMMIT, "",                 COLOR_BLUE,     COLOR_DEFAULT,  0)
 
 enum line_type {
 #define LINE(type, line, fg, bg, attr) \
@@ -1037,6 +626,7 @@ static struct keybinding default_keybindings[] = {
        { 'D',          REQ_TOGGLE_DATE },
        { 'A',          REQ_TOGGLE_AUTHOR },
        { 'g',          REQ_TOGGLE_REV_GRAPH },
+       { '~',          REQ_TOGGLE_GRAPHIC },
        { 'F',          REQ_TOGGLE_REFS },
        { 'I',          REQ_TOGGLE_SORT_ORDER },
        { 'i',          REQ_TOGGLE_SORT_FIELD },
@@ -1049,40 +639,30 @@ static struct keybinding default_keybindings[] = {
        { 'e',          REQ_EDIT },
 };
 
-#define KEYMAP_INFO \
-       KEYMAP_(GENERIC), \
-       KEYMAP_(MAIN), \
-       KEYMAP_(DIFF), \
-       KEYMAP_(LOG), \
-       KEYMAP_(TREE), \
-       KEYMAP_(BLOB), \
-       KEYMAP_(BLAME), \
-       KEYMAP_(BRANCH), \
-       KEYMAP_(PAGER), \
-       KEYMAP_(HELP), \
-       KEYMAP_(STATUS), \
-       KEYMAP_(STAGE)
-
-enum keymap {
-#define KEYMAP_(name) KEYMAP_##name
-       KEYMAP_INFO
-#undef KEYMAP_
-};
+#define KEYMAP_ENUM(_) \
+       _(KEYMAP, GENERIC), \
+       _(KEYMAP, MAIN), \
+       _(KEYMAP, DIFF), \
+       _(KEYMAP, LOG), \
+       _(KEYMAP, TREE), \
+       _(KEYMAP, BLOB), \
+       _(KEYMAP, BLAME), \
+       _(KEYMAP, BRANCH), \
+       _(KEYMAP, PAGER), \
+       _(KEYMAP, HELP), \
+       _(KEYMAP, STATUS), \
+       _(KEYMAP, STAGE)
 
-static const struct enum_map keymap_table[] = {
-#define KEYMAP_(name) ENUM_MAP(#name, KEYMAP_##name)
-       KEYMAP_INFO
-#undef KEYMAP_
-};
+DEFINE_ENUM(keymap, KEYMAP_ENUM);
 
-#define set_keymap(map, name) map_enum(map, keymap_table, name)
+#define set_keymap(map, name) map_enum(map, keymap_map, name)
 
 struct keybinding_table {
        struct keybinding *data;
        size_t size;
 };
 
-static struct keybinding_table keybindings[ARRAY_SIZE(keymap_table)];
+static struct keybinding_table keybindings[ARRAY_SIZE(keymap_map)];
 
 static void
 add_keybinding(enum keymap keymap, enum request request, int key)
@@ -1356,6 +936,7 @@ add_builtin_run_requests(void)
        OPT_ERR_(NO_OPTION_VALUE, "No option value"), \
        OPT_ERR_(NO_VALUE_ASSIGNED, "No value assigned"), \
        OPT_ERR_(OBSOLETE_REQUEST_NAME, "Obsolete request name"), \
+       OPT_ERR_(OUT_OF_MEMORY, "Out of memory"), \
        OPT_ERR_(TOO_MANY_OPTION_ARGUMENTS, "Too many option arguments"), \
        OPT_ERR_(UNKNOWN_ATTRIBUTE, "Unknown attribute"), \
        OPT_ERR_(UNKNOWN_COLOR, "Unknown color"), \
@@ -1533,16 +1114,30 @@ parse_string(char *opt, const char *arg, size_t optsize)
        }
 }
 
+static enum option_code
+parse_args(const char ***args, const char *argv[])
+{
+       if (*args == NULL && !argv_copy(args, argv))
+               return OPT_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+       return OPT_OK;
+}
+
 /* Wants: name = value */
 static enum option_code
 option_set_command(int argc, const char *argv[])
 {
-       if (argc != 3)
+       if (argc < 3)
                return OPT_ERR_WRONG_NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS;
 
        if (strcmp(argv[1], "="))
                return OPT_ERR_NO_VALUE_ASSIGNED;
 
+       if (!strcmp(argv[0], "blame-options"))
+               return parse_args(&opt_blame_argv, argv + 2);
+
+       if (argc != 3)
+               return OPT_ERR_WRONG_NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS;
+
        if (!strcmp(argv[0], "show-author"))
                return parse_enum(&opt_author, argv[2], author_map);
 
@@ -1559,7 +1154,7 @@ option_set_command(int argc, const char *argv[])
                return parse_bool(&opt_line_number, argv[2]);
 
        if (!strcmp(argv[0], "line-graphics"))
-               return parse_bool(&opt_line_graphics, argv[2]);
+               return parse_enum(&opt_line_graphics, argv[2], graphic_map);
 
        if (!strcmp(argv[0], "line-number-interval"))
                return parse_int(&opt_num_interval, argv[2], 1, 1024);
@@ -1785,7 +1380,6 @@ enum view_type {
 struct view {
        enum view_type type;    /* View type */
        const char *name;       /* View name */
-       const char *cmd_env;    /* Command line set via environment */
        const char *id;         /* Points to either of ref_{head,commit,blob} */
 
        struct view_ops *ops;   /* View operations */
@@ -1837,13 +1431,20 @@ struct view {
        time_t update_secs;
 };
 
+enum open_flags {
+       OPEN_DEFAULT = 0,       /* Use default view switching. */
+       OPEN_SPLIT = 1,         /* Split current view. */
+       OPEN_RELOAD = 4,        /* Reload view even if it is the current. */
+       OPEN_REFRESH = 16,      /* Refresh view using previous command. */
+       OPEN_PREPARED = 32,     /* Open already prepared command. */
+       OPEN_EXTRA = 64,        /* Open extra data from command. */
+};
+
 struct view_ops {
        /* What type of content being displayed. Used in the title bar. */
        const char *type;
-       /* Default command arguments. */
-       const char **argv;
        /* Open and reads in all view content. */
-       bool (*open)(struct view *view);
+       bool (*open)(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags);
        /* Read one line; updates view->line. */
        bool (*read)(struct view *view, char *data);
        /* Draw one line; @lineno must be < view->height. */
@@ -1854,8 +1455,6 @@ struct view_ops {
        bool (*grep)(struct view *view, struct line *line);
        /* Select line */
        void (*select)(struct view *view, struct line *line);
-       /* Prepare view for loading */
-       bool (*prepare)(struct view *view);
 };
 
 static struct view_ops blame_ops;
@@ -1870,11 +1469,11 @@ static struct view_ops status_ops;
 static struct view_ops tree_ops;
 static struct view_ops branch_ops;
 
-#define VIEW_STR(type, name, env, ref, ops, map, git) \
-       { type, name, #env, ref, ops, map, git }
+#define VIEW_STR(type, name, ref, ops, map, git) \
+       { type, name, ref, ops, map, git }
 
 #define VIEW_(id, name, ops, git, ref) \
-       VIEW_STR(VIEW_##id, name, TIG_##id##_CMD, ref, ops, KEYMAP_##id, git)
+       VIEW_STR(VIEW_##id, name, ref, ops, KEYMAP_##id, git)
 
 static struct view views[] = {
        VIEW_(MAIN,   "main",   &main_ops,   TRUE,  ref_head),
@@ -1886,7 +1485,7 @@ static struct view views[] = {
        VIEW_(BRANCH, "branch", &branch_ops, TRUE,  ref_head),
        VIEW_(HELP,   "help",   &help_ops,   FALSE, ""),
        VIEW_(PAGER,  "pager",  &pager_ops,  FALSE, ""),
-       VIEW_(STATUS, "status", &status_ops, TRUE,  ""),
+       VIEW_(STATUS, "status", &status_ops, TRUE,  "status"),
        VIEW_(STAGE,  "stage",  &stage_ops,  TRUE,  ""),
 };
 
@@ -1921,7 +1520,9 @@ set_view_attr(struct view *view, enum line_type type)
        }
 }
 
-static int
+#define VIEW_MAX_LEN(view) ((view)->width + (view)->yoffset - (view)->col)
+
+static bool
 draw_chars(struct view *view, enum line_type type, const char *string,
           int max_len, bool use_tilde)
 {
@@ -1932,7 +1533,7 @@ draw_chars(struct view *view, enum line_type type, const char *string,
        size_t skip = view->yoffset > view->col ? view->yoffset - view->col : 0;
 
        if (max_len <= 0)
-               return 0;
+               return VIEW_MAX_LEN(view) <= 0;
 
        len = utf8_length(&string, skip, &col, max_len, &trimmed, use_tilde, opt_tab_size);
 
@@ -1963,25 +1564,26 @@ draw_chars(struct view *view, enum line_type type, const char *string,
                }
        }
 
-       return col;
+       view->col += col;
+       return VIEW_MAX_LEN(view) <= 0;
 }
 
-static int
+static bool
 draw_space(struct view *view, enum line_type type, int max, int spaces)
 {
        static char space[] = "                    ";
-       int col = 0;
 
        spaces = MIN(max, spaces);
 
        while (spaces > 0) {
                int len = MIN(spaces, sizeof(space) - 1);
 
-               col += draw_chars(view, type, space, len, FALSE);
+               if (draw_chars(view, type, space, len, FALSE))
+                       return TRUE;
                spaces -= len;
        }
 
-       return col;
+       return VIEW_MAX_LEN(view) <= 0;
 }
 
 static bool
@@ -1992,18 +1594,19 @@ draw_text(struct view *view, enum line_type type, const char *string)
        do {
                size_t pos = string_expand(text, sizeof(text), string, opt_tab_size);
 
-               view->col += draw_chars(view, type, text, view->width + view->yoffset - view->col, TRUE);
+               if (draw_chars(view, type, text, VIEW_MAX_LEN(view), TRUE))
+                       return TRUE;
                string += pos;
-       } while (*string && view->width + view->yoffset > view->col);
+       } while (*string);
 
-       return view->width + view->yoffset <= view->col;
+       return VIEW_MAX_LEN(view) <= 0;
 }
 
 static bool
-draw_graphic(struct view *view, enum line_type type, chtype graphic[], size_t size)
+draw_graphic(struct view *view, enum line_type type, const chtype graphic[], size_t size, bool separator)
 {
        size_t skip = view->yoffset > view->col ? view->yoffset - view->col : 0;
-       int max = view->width + view->yoffset - view->col;
+       int max = VIEW_MAX_LEN(view);
        int i;
 
        if (max < size)
@@ -2016,27 +1619,26 @@ draw_graphic(struct view *view, enum line_type type, chtype graphic[], size_t si
                waddch(view->win, graphic[i]);
 
        view->col += size;
-       if (size < max && skip <= size)
-               waddch(view->win, ' ');
-       view->col++;
+       if (separator) {
+               if (size < max && skip <= size)
+                       waddch(view->win, ' ');
+               view->col++;
+       }
 
-       return view->width + view->yoffset <= view->col;
+       return VIEW_MAX_LEN(view) <= 0;
 }
 
 static bool
 draw_field(struct view *view, enum line_type type, const char *text, int len, bool trim)
 {
-       int max = MIN(view->width + view->yoffset - view->col, len);
-       int col;
+       int max = MIN(VIEW_MAX_LEN(view), len);
+       int col = view->col;
 
-       if (text)
-               col = draw_chars(view, type, text, max - 1, trim);
-       else
-               col = draw_space(view, type, max - 1, max - 1);
+       if (!text) 
+               return draw_space(view, type, max, max);
 
-       view->col += col;
-       view->col += draw_space(view, LINE_DEFAULT, max - col, max - col);
-       return view->width + view->yoffset <= view->col;
+       return draw_chars(view, type, text, max - 1, trim)
+           || draw_space(view, LINE_DEFAULT, max - (view->col - col), max);
 }
 
 static bool
@@ -2045,38 +1647,28 @@ draw_date(struct view *view, struct time *time)
        const char *date = mkdate(time, opt_date);
        int cols = opt_date == DATE_SHORT ? DATE_SHORT_COLS : DATE_COLS;
 
+       if (opt_date == DATE_NO)
+               return FALSE;
+
        return draw_field(view, LINE_DATE, date, cols, FALSE);
 }
 
 static bool
 draw_author(struct view *view, const char *author)
 {
-       bool trim = opt_author_cols == 0 || opt_author_cols > 5;
-       bool abbreviate = opt_author == AUTHOR_ABBREVIATED || !trim;
+       bool trim = author_trim(opt_author_cols);
+       const char *text = mkauthor(author, opt_author_cols, opt_author);
 
-       if (abbreviate && author)
-               author = get_author_initials(author);
+       if (opt_author == AUTHOR_NO)
+               return FALSE;
 
-       return draw_field(view, LINE_AUTHOR, author, opt_author_cols, trim);
+       return draw_field(view, LINE_AUTHOR, text, opt_author_cols, trim);
 }
 
 static bool
 draw_mode(struct view *view, mode_t mode)
 {
-       const char *str;
-
-       if (S_ISDIR(mode))
-               str = "drwxr-xr-x";
-       else if (S_ISLNK(mode))
-               str = "lrwxrwxrwx";
-       else if (S_ISGITLINK(mode))
-               str = "m---------";
-       else if (S_ISREG(mode) && mode & S_IXUSR)
-               str = "-rwxr-xr-x";
-       else if (S_ISREG(mode))
-               str = "-rw-r--r--";
-       else
-               str = "----------";
+       const char *str = mkmode(mode);
 
        return draw_field(view, LINE_MODE, str, STRING_SIZE("-rw-r--r-- "), FALSE);
 }
@@ -2086,7 +1678,7 @@ draw_lineno(struct view *view, unsigned int lineno)
 {
        char number[10];
        int digits3 = view->digits < 3 ? 3 : view->digits;
-       int max = MIN(view->width + view->yoffset - view->col, digits3);
+       int max = MIN(VIEW_MAX_LEN(view), digits3);
        char *text = NULL;
        chtype separator = opt_line_graphics ? ACS_VLINE : '|';
 
@@ -2099,10 +1691,47 @@ draw_lineno(struct view *view, unsigned int lineno)
                        text = number;
        }
        if (text)
-               view->col += draw_chars(view, LINE_LINE_NUMBER, text, max, TRUE);
+               draw_chars(view, LINE_LINE_NUMBER, text, max, TRUE);
        else
-               view->col += draw_space(view, LINE_LINE_NUMBER, max, digits3);
-       return draw_graphic(view, LINE_DEFAULT, &separator, 1);
+               draw_space(view, LINE_LINE_NUMBER, max, digits3);
+       return draw_graphic(view, LINE_DEFAULT, &separator, 1, TRUE);
+}
+
+static bool
+draw_refs(struct view *view, struct ref_list *refs)
+{
+       size_t i;
+
+       if (!opt_show_refs || !refs)
+               return FALSE;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < refs->size; i++) {
+               struct ref *ref = refs->refs[i];
+               enum line_type type;
+
+               if (ref->head)
+                       type = LINE_MAIN_HEAD;
+               else if (ref->ltag)
+                       type = LINE_MAIN_LOCAL_TAG;
+               else if (ref->tag)
+                       type = LINE_MAIN_TAG;
+               else if (ref->tracked)
+                       type = LINE_MAIN_TRACKED;
+               else if (ref->remote)
+                       type = LINE_MAIN_REMOTE;
+               else
+                       type = LINE_MAIN_REF;
+
+               if (draw_text(view, type, "[") ||
+                   draw_text(view, type, ref->name) ||
+                   draw_text(view, type, "]"))
+                       return TRUE;
+
+               if (draw_text(view, LINE_DEFAULT, " "))
+                       return TRUE;
+       }
+
+       return FALSE;
 }
 
 static bool
@@ -2321,6 +1950,7 @@ redraw_display(bool clear)
        TOGGLE_(LINENO,    '.', "line numbers",      &opt_line_number, NULL) \
        TOGGLE_(DATE,      'D', "dates",             &opt_date,   date_map) \
        TOGGLE_(AUTHOR,    'A', "author names",      &opt_author, author_map) \
+       TOGGLE_(GRAPHIC,   '~', "graphics",          &opt_line_graphics, graphic_map) \
        TOGGLE_(REV_GRAPH, 'g', "revision graph",    &opt_rev_graph, NULL) \
        TOGGLE_(REFS,      'F', "reference display", &opt_show_refs, NULL)
 
@@ -2371,14 +2001,16 @@ toggle_option(enum request request)
 }
 
 static void
-maximize_view(struct view *view)
+maximize_view(struct view *view, bool redraw)
 {
        memset(display, 0, sizeof(display));
        current_view = 0;
        display[current_view] = view;
        resize_display();
-       redraw_display(FALSE);
-       report("");
+       if (redraw) {
+               redraw_display(FALSE);
+               report("");
+       }
 }
 
 
@@ -2763,7 +2395,7 @@ format_arg(const char *name)
        } vars[] = {
 #define FORMAT_VAR(name, value, value_if_empty) \
        { name, STRING_SIZE(name), value, value_if_empty }
-               FORMAT_VAR("%(directory)",      opt_path,       ""),
+               FORMAT_VAR("%(directory)",      opt_path,       "."),
                FORMAT_VAR("%(file)",           opt_file,       ""),
                FORMAT_VAR("%(ref)",            opt_ref,        "HEAD"),
                FORMAT_VAR("%(head)",           ref_head,       ""),
@@ -2782,7 +2414,7 @@ format_arg(const char *name)
 }
 
 static bool
-format_argv(const char ***dst_argv, const char *src_argv[], bool replace, bool first)
+format_argv(const char ***dst_argv, const char *src_argv[], bool first)
 {
        char buf[SIZEOF_STR];
        int argc;
@@ -2803,6 +2435,11 @@ format_argv(const char ***dst_argv, const char *src_argv[], bool replace, bool f
                                break;
                        continue;
 
+               } else if (!strcmp(arg, "%(blameargs)")) {
+                       if (!argv_append_array(dst_argv, opt_blame_argv))
+                               break;
+                       continue;
+
                } else if (!strcmp(arg, "%(revargs)") ||
                           (first && !strcmp(arg, "%(commit)"))) {
                        if (!argv_append_array(dst_argv, opt_rev_argv))
@@ -2815,7 +2452,7 @@ format_argv(const char ***dst_argv, const char *src_argv[], bool replace, bool f
                        int len = next - arg;
                        const char *value;
 
-                       if (!next || !replace) {
+                       if (!next) {
                                len = strlen(arg);
                                value = "";
 
@@ -2830,7 +2467,7 @@ format_argv(const char ***dst_argv, const char *src_argv[], bool replace, bool f
                        if (!string_format_from(buf, &bufpos, "%.*s%s", len, arg, value))
                                return FALSE;
 
-                       arg = next && replace ? strchr(next, ')') + 1 : NULL;
+                       arg = next ? strchr(next, ')') + 1 : NULL;
                }
 
                if (!argv_append(dst_argv, buf))
@@ -2887,51 +2524,26 @@ setup_update(struct view *view, const char *vid)
 }
 
 static bool
-prepare_io(struct view *view, const char *dir, const char *argv[], bool replace)
+begin_update(struct view *view, const char *dir, const char **argv, enum open_flags flags)
 {
-       view->dir = dir;
-       return format_argv(&view->argv, argv, replace, !view->prev);
-}
-
-static bool
-prepare_update(struct view *view, const char *argv[], const char *dir)
-{
-       if (view->pipe)
-               end_update(view, TRUE);
-       return prepare_io(view, dir, argv, FALSE);
-}
-
-static bool
-start_update(struct view *view, const char **argv, const char *dir)
-{
-       if (view->pipe)
-               io_done(view->pipe);
-       return prepare_io(view, dir, argv, FALSE) &&
-              io_run(&view->io, IO_RD, dir, view->argv);
-}
-
-static bool
-prepare_update_file(struct view *view, const char *name)
-{
-       if (view->pipe)
-               end_update(view, TRUE);
-       argv_free(view->argv);
-       return io_open(&view->io, "%s/%s", opt_cdup[0] ? opt_cdup : ".", name);
-}
-
-static bool
-begin_update(struct view *view, bool refresh)
-{
-       if (view->pipe)
-               end_update(view, TRUE);
+       bool extra = !!(flags & (OPEN_EXTRA));
+       bool reload = !!(flags & (OPEN_RELOAD | OPEN_REFRESH | OPEN_PREPARED | OPEN_EXTRA));
+       bool refresh = flags & (OPEN_REFRESH | OPEN_PREPARED);
+
+       if (!reload && !strcmp(view->vid, view->id))
+               return TRUE;
+
+       if (view->pipe) {
+               if (extra)
+                       io_done(view->pipe);
+               else
+                       end_update(view, TRUE);
+       }
 
        if (!refresh) {
-               if (view->ops->prepare) {
-                       if (!view->ops->prepare(view))
-                               return FALSE;
-               } else if (!prepare_io(view, NULL, view->ops->argv, TRUE)) {
+               view->dir = dir;
+               if (!format_argv(&view->argv, argv, !view->prev))
                        return FALSE;
-               }
 
                /* Put the current ref_* value to the view title ref
                 * member. This is needed by the blob view. Most other
@@ -2944,11 +2556,18 @@ begin_update(struct view *view, bool refresh)
            !io_run(&view->io, IO_RD, view->dir, view->argv))
                return FALSE;
 
-       setup_update(view, view->id);
+       if (!extra)
+               setup_update(view, view->id);
 
        return TRUE;
 }
 
+static bool
+view_open(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags)
+{
+       return begin_update(view, NULL, NULL, flags);
+}
+
 static bool
 update_view(struct view *view)
 {
@@ -2962,7 +2581,7 @@ update_view(struct view *view)
        if (!view->pipe)
                return TRUE;
 
-       if (!io_can_read(view->pipe)) {
+       if (!io_can_read(view->pipe, FALSE)) {
                if (view->lines == 0 && view_is_displayed(view)) {
                        time_t secs = time(NULL) - view->start_time;
 
@@ -3085,23 +2704,64 @@ add_line_format(struct view *view, enum line_type type, const char *fmt, ...)
  * View opening
  */
 
-enum open_flags {
-       OPEN_DEFAULT = 0,       /* Use default view switching. */
-       OPEN_SPLIT = 1,         /* Split current view. */
-       OPEN_RELOAD = 4,        /* Reload view even if it is the current. */
-       OPEN_REFRESH = 16,      /* Refresh view using previous command. */
-       OPEN_PREPARED = 32,     /* Open already prepared command. */
-};
+static void
+load_view(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags)
+{
+       if (view->pipe)
+               end_update(view, TRUE);
+       if (!view->ops->open(view, flags)) {
+               report("Failed to load %s view", view->name);
+               return;
+       }
+       restore_view_position(view);
+
+       if (view->pipe && view->lines == 0) {
+               /* Clear the old view and let the incremental updating refill
+                * the screen. */
+               werase(view->win);
+               view->p_restore = flags & (OPEN_RELOAD | OPEN_REFRESH);
+               report("");
+       } else if (view_is_displayed(view)) {
+               redraw_view(view);
+               report("");
+       }
+}
+
+#define refresh_view(view) load_view(view, OPEN_REFRESH)
+#define reload_view(view) load_view(view, OPEN_RELOAD)
+
+static void
+split_view(struct view *prev, struct view *view)
+{
+       display[1] = view;
+       current_view = 1;
+       view->parent = prev;
+       resize_display();
+
+       if (prev->lineno - prev->offset >= prev->height) {
+               /* Take the title line into account. */
+               int lines = prev->lineno - prev->offset - prev->height + 1;
+
+               /* Scroll the view that was split if the current line is
+                * outside the new limited view. */
+               do_scroll_view(prev, lines);
+       }
+
+       if (view != prev && view_is_displayed(prev)) {
+               /* "Blur" the previous view. */
+               update_view_title(prev);
+       }
+}
 
 static void
 open_view(struct view *prev, enum request request, enum open_flags flags)
 {
        bool split = !!(flags & OPEN_SPLIT);
-       bool reload = !!(flags & (OPEN_RELOAD | OPEN_REFRESH | OPEN_PREPARED));
-       bool nomaximize = !!(flags & OPEN_REFRESH);
+       bool reload = !!(flags & (OPEN_RELOAD | OPEN_PREPARED));
        struct view *view = VIEW(request);
        int nviews = displayed_views();
-       struct view *base_view = display[0];
+
+       assert(flags ^ OPEN_REFRESH);
 
        if (view == prev && nviews == 1 && !reload) {
                report("Already in %s view", view->name);
@@ -3114,14 +2774,9 @@ open_view(struct view *prev, enum request request, enum open_flags flags)
        }
 
        if (split) {
-               display[1] = view;
-               current_view = 1;
-               view->parent = prev;
-       } else if (!nomaximize) {
-               /* Maximize the current view. */
-               memset(display, 0, sizeof(display));
-               current_view = 0;
-               display[current_view] = view;
+               split_view(prev, view);
+       } else {
+               maximize_view(view, FALSE);
        }
 
        /* No prev signals that this is the first loaded view. */
@@ -3129,51 +2784,31 @@ open_view(struct view *prev, enum request request, enum open_flags flags)
                view->prev = prev;
        }
 
-       /* Resize the view when switching between split- and full-screen,
-        * or when switching between two different full-screen views. */
-       if (nviews != displayed_views() ||
-           (nviews == 1 && base_view != display[0]))
-               resize_display();
-
-       if (view->ops->open) {
-               if (view->pipe)
-                       end_update(view, TRUE);
-               if (!view->ops->open(view)) {
-                       report("Failed to load %s view", view->name);
-                       return;
-               }
-               restore_view_position(view);
-
-       } else if ((reload || strcmp(view->vid, view->id)) &&
-                  !begin_update(view, flags & (OPEN_REFRESH | OPEN_PREPARED))) {
-               report("Failed to load %s view", view->name);
-               return;
-       }
+       load_view(view, flags);
+}
 
-       if (split && prev->lineno - prev->offset >= prev->height) {
-               /* Take the title line into account. */
-               int lines = prev->lineno - prev->offset - prev->height + 1;
+static void
+open_argv(struct view *prev, struct view *view, const char *argv[], const char *dir, enum open_flags flags)
+{
+       enum request request = view - views + REQ_OFFSET + 1;
 
-               /* Scroll the view that was split if the current line is
-                * outside the new limited view. */
-               do_scroll_view(prev, lines);
+       if (view->pipe)
+               end_update(view, TRUE);
+       view->dir = dir;
+       
+       if (!argv_copy(&view->argv, argv)) {
+               report("Failed to open %s view: %s", view->name, io_strerror(&view->io));
+       } else {
+               open_view(prev, request, flags | OPEN_PREPARED);
        }
+}
 
-       if (prev && view != prev && split && view_is_displayed(prev)) {
-               /* "Blur" the previous view. */
-               update_view_title(prev);
-       }
+static void
+open_file(struct view *prev, struct view *view, const char *file, enum open_flags flags)
+{
+       const char *file_argv[] = { opt_cdup, file , NULL };
 
-       if (view->pipe && view->lines == 0) {
-               /* Clear the old view and let the incremental updating refill
-                * the screen. */
-               werase(view->win);
-               view->p_restore = flags & (OPEN_RELOAD | OPEN_REFRESH);
-               report("");
-       } else if (view_is_displayed(view)) {
-               redraw_view(view);
-               report("");
-       }
+       open_argv(prev, view, file_argv, opt_cdup, flags); 
 }
 
 static void
@@ -3227,7 +2862,7 @@ open_run_request(enum request request)
                return;
        }
 
-       if (format_argv(&argv, req->argv, TRUE, FALSE))
+       if (format_argv(&argv, req->argv, FALSE))
                open_external_viewer(argv, NULL);
        if (argv)
                argv_free(argv);
@@ -3377,13 +3012,14 @@ view_driver(struct view *view, enum request request)
 
        case REQ_MAXIMIZE:
                if (displayed_views() == 2)
-                       maximize_view(view);
+                       maximize_view(view, TRUE);
                break;
 
        case REQ_OPTIONS:
        case REQ_TOGGLE_LINENO:
        case REQ_TOGGLE_DATE:
        case REQ_TOGGLE_AUTHOR:
+       case REQ_TOGGLE_GRAPHIC:
        case REQ_TOGGLE_REV_GRAPH:
        case REQ_TOGGLE_REFS:
                toggle_option(request);
@@ -3433,7 +3069,7 @@ view_driver(struct view *view, enum request request)
                 * view itself. Parents to closed view should never be
                 * followed. */
                if (view->prev && view->prev != view) {
-                       maximize_view(view->prev);
+                       maximize_view(view->prev, TRUE);
                        view->prev = view;
                        break;
                }
@@ -3730,8 +3366,7 @@ pager_select(struct view *view, struct line *line)
 
 static struct view_ops pager_ops = {
        "line",
-       NULL,
-       NULL,
+       view_open,
        pager_read,
        pager_draw,
        pager_request,
@@ -3739,9 +3374,15 @@ static struct view_ops pager_ops = {
        pager_select,
 };
 
-static const char *log_argv[SIZEOF_ARG] = {
-       "git", "log", "--no-color", "--cc", "--stat", "-n100", "%(head)", NULL
-};
+static bool
+log_open(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags)
+{
+       static const char *log_argv[] = {
+               "git", "log", "--no-color", "--cc", "--stat", "-n100", "%(head)", NULL
+       };
+
+       return begin_update(view, NULL, log_argv, flags);
+}
 
 static enum request
 log_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
@@ -3749,7 +3390,7 @@ log_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
        switch (request) {
        case REQ_REFRESH:
                load_refs();
-               open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_LOG, OPEN_REFRESH);
+               refresh_view(view);
                return REQ_NONE;
        default:
                return pager_request(view, request, line);
@@ -3758,8 +3399,7 @@ log_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
 
 static struct view_ops log_ops = {
        "line",
-       log_argv,
-       NULL,
+       log_open,
        pager_read,
        pager_draw,
        log_request,
@@ -3767,11 +3407,17 @@ static struct view_ops log_ops = {
        pager_select,
 };
 
-static const char *diff_argv[SIZEOF_ARG] = {
-       "git", "show", "--pretty=fuller", "--no-color", "--root",
-               "--patch-with-stat", "--find-copies-harder", "-C",
-               "%(diffargs)", "%(commit)", "--", "%(fileargs)", NULL
-};
+static bool
+diff_open(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags)
+{
+       static const char *diff_argv[] = {
+               "git", "show", "--pretty=fuller", "--no-color", "--root",
+                       "--patch-with-stat", "--find-copies-harder", "-C",
+                       "%(diffargs)", "%(commit)", "--", "%(fileargs)", NULL
+       };
+
+       return begin_update(view, NULL, diff_argv, flags);
+}
 
 static bool
 diff_read(struct view *view, char *data)
@@ -3802,8 +3448,7 @@ diff_read(struct view *view, char *data)
 
 static struct view_ops diff_ops = {
        "line",
-       diff_argv,
-       NULL,
+       diff_open,
        diff_read,
        pager_draw,
        pager_request,
@@ -3815,7 +3460,7 @@ static struct view_ops diff_ops = {
  * Help backend
  */
 
-static bool help_keymap_hidden[ARRAY_SIZE(keymap_table)];
+static bool help_keymap_hidden[ARRAY_SIZE(keymap_map)];
 
 static bool
 help_open_keymap_title(struct view *view, enum keymap keymap)
@@ -3824,7 +3469,7 @@ help_open_keymap_title(struct view *view, enum keymap keymap)
 
        line = add_line_format(view, LINE_HELP_KEYMAP, "[%c] %s bindings",
                               help_keymap_hidden[keymap] ? '+' : '-',
-                              enum_name(keymap_table[keymap]));
+                              enum_name(keymap_map[keymap]));
        if (line)
                line->other = keymap;
 
@@ -3899,7 +3544,7 @@ help_open_keymap(struct view *view, enum keymap keymap)
 }
 
 static bool
-help_open(struct view *view)
+help_open(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags)
 {
        enum keymap keymap;
 
@@ -3907,7 +3552,7 @@ help_open(struct view *view)
        add_line_text(view, "Quick reference for tig keybindings:", LINE_DEFAULT);
        add_line_text(view, "", LINE_DEFAULT);
 
-       for (keymap = 0; keymap < ARRAY_SIZE(keymap_table); keymap++)
+       for (keymap = 0; keymap < ARRAY_SIZE(keymap_map); keymap++)
                help_open_keymap(view, keymap);
 
        return TRUE;
@@ -3921,8 +3566,7 @@ help_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
                if (line->type == LINE_HELP_KEYMAP) {
                        help_keymap_hidden[line->other] =
                                !help_keymap_hidden[line->other];
-                       view->p_restore = TRUE;
-                       open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_HELP, OPEN_REFRESH);
+                       refresh_view(view);
                }
 
                return REQ_NONE;
@@ -3933,7 +3577,6 @@ help_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
 
 static struct view_ops help_ops = {
        "line",
-       NULL,
        help_open,
        NULL,
        pager_draw,
@@ -4091,11 +3734,10 @@ tree_read_date(struct view *view, char *text, bool *read_date)
                return TRUE;
 
        } else if (!text) {
-               char *path = *opt_path ? opt_path : ".";
                /* Find next entry to process */
                const char *log_file[] = {
                        "git", "log", "--no-color", "--pretty=raw",
-                               "--cc", "--raw", view->id, "--", path, NULL
+                               "--cc", "--raw", view->id, "--", "%(directory)", NULL
                };
 
                if (!view->lines) {
@@ -4104,7 +3746,7 @@ tree_read_date(struct view *view, char *text, bool *read_date)
                        return TRUE;
                }
 
-               if (!start_update(view, log_file, opt_cdup)) {
+               if (!begin_update(view, opt_cdup, log_file, OPEN_EXTRA)) {
                        report("Failed to load tree data");
                        return TRUE;
                }
@@ -4225,10 +3867,10 @@ tree_draw(struct view *view, struct line *line, unsigned int lineno)
                if (draw_mode(view, entry->mode))
                        return TRUE;
 
-               if (opt_author && draw_author(view, entry->author))
+               if (draw_author(view, entry->author))
                        return TRUE;
 
-               if (opt_date && draw_date(view, &entry->time))
+               if (draw_date(view, &entry->time))
                        return TRUE;
        }
 
@@ -4345,7 +3987,7 @@ tree_grep(struct view *view, struct line *line)
        struct tree_entry *entry = line->data;
        const char *text[] = {
                entry->name,
-               opt_author ? entry->author : "",
+               mkauthor(entry->author, opt_author_cols, opt_author),
                mkdate(&entry->time, opt_date),
                NULL
        };
@@ -4370,8 +4012,12 @@ tree_select(struct view *view, struct line *line)
 }
 
 static bool
-tree_prepare(struct view *view)
+tree_open(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags)
 {
+       static const char *tree_argv[] = {
+               "git", "ls-tree", "%(commit)", "%(directory)", NULL
+       };
+
        if (view->lines == 0 && opt_prefix[0]) {
                char *pos = opt_prefix;
 
@@ -4392,25 +4038,29 @@ tree_prepare(struct view *view)
                opt_path[0] = 0;
        }
 
-       return prepare_io(view, opt_cdup, view->ops->argv, TRUE);
+       return begin_update(view, opt_cdup, tree_argv, flags);
 }
 
-static const char *tree_argv[SIZEOF_ARG] = {
-       "git", "ls-tree", "%(commit)", "%(directory)", NULL
-};
-
 static struct view_ops tree_ops = {
        "file",
-       tree_argv,
-       NULL,
+       tree_open,
        tree_read,
        tree_draw,
        tree_request,
        tree_grep,
        tree_select,
-       tree_prepare,
 };
 
+static bool
+blob_open(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags)
+{
+       static const char *blob_argv[] = {
+               "git", "cat-file", "blob", "%(blob)", NULL
+       };
+
+       return begin_update(view, NULL, blob_argv, flags);
+}
+
 static bool
 blob_read(struct view *view, char *line)
 {
@@ -4431,14 +4081,9 @@ blob_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
        }
 }
 
-static const char *blob_argv[SIZEOF_ARG] = {
-       "git", "cat-file", "blob", "%(blob)", NULL
-};
-
 static struct view_ops blob_ops = {
        "line",
-       blob_argv,
-       NULL,
+       blob_open,
        blob_read,
        pager_draw,
        blob_request,
@@ -4474,8 +4119,9 @@ struct blame {
 };
 
 static bool
-blame_open(struct view *view)
+blame_open(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags)
 {
+       const char *file_argv[] = { opt_cdup, opt_file , NULL };
        char path[SIZEOF_STR];
        size_t i;
 
@@ -4485,13 +4131,12 @@ blame_open(struct view *view)
                        return FALSE;
        }
 
-       if (*opt_ref || !io_open(&view->io, "%s%s", opt_cdup, opt_file)) {
+       if (*opt_ref || !begin_update(view, opt_cdup, file_argv, flags)) {
                const char *blame_cat_file_argv[] = {
-                       "git", "cat-file", "blob", path, NULL
+                       "git", "cat-file", "blob", "%(ref):%(file)", NULL
                };
 
-               if (!string_format(path, "%s:%s", opt_ref, opt_file) ||
-                   !start_update(view, blame_cat_file_argv, opt_cdup))
+               if (!begin_update(view, opt_cdup, blame_cat_file_argv, flags))
                        return FALSE;
        }
 
@@ -4513,7 +4158,7 @@ blame_open(struct view *view)
                        free(blame->commit);
        }
 
-       setup_update(view, opt_file);
+       string_format(view->vid, "%s", opt_file);
        string_format(view->ref, "%s ...", opt_file);
 
        return TRUE;
@@ -4600,14 +4245,14 @@ blame_read_file(struct view *view, const char *line, bool *read_file)
 {
        if (!line) {
                const char *blame_argv[] = {
-                       "git", "blame", "--incremental",
+                       "git", "blame", "%(blameargs)", "--incremental",
                                *opt_ref ? opt_ref : "--incremental", "--", opt_file, NULL
                };
 
                if (view->lines == 0 && !view->prev)
                        die("No blame exist for %s", view->vid);
 
-               if (view->lines == 0 || !start_update(view, blame_argv, opt_cdup)) {
+               if (view->lines == 0 || !begin_update(view, opt_cdup, blame_argv, OPEN_EXTRA)) {
                        report("Failed to load blame data");
                        return TRUE;
                }
@@ -4709,10 +4354,10 @@ blame_draw(struct view *view, struct line *line, unsigned int lineno)
                time = &blame->commit->time;
        }
 
-       if (opt_date && draw_date(view, time))
+       if (draw_date(view, time))
                return TRUE;
 
-       if (opt_author && draw_author(view, author))
+       if (draw_author(view, author))
                return TRUE;
 
        if (draw_field(view, LINE_BLAME_ID, id, ID_COLS, FALSE))
@@ -4790,7 +4435,7 @@ blame_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
                        string_copy(opt_file, blame->commit->filename);
                        if (blame->lineno)
                                view->lineno = blame->lineno;
-                       open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_BLAME, OPEN_REFRESH);
+                       reload_view(view);
                }
                break;
 
@@ -4803,7 +4448,7 @@ blame_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
                        string_copy_rev(opt_ref, blame->commit->parent_id);
                        string_copy(opt_file, blame->commit->parent_filename);
                        setup_blame_parent_line(view, blame);
-                       open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_BLAME, OPEN_REFRESH);
+                       reload_view(view);
                }
                break;
 
@@ -4829,14 +4474,10 @@ blame_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
                                diff_index_argv[7] = "/dev/null";
                        }
 
-                       if (!prepare_update(diff, diff_index_argv, NULL)) {
-                               report("Failed to allocate diff command");
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       flags |= OPEN_PREPARED;
+                       open_argv(view, diff, diff_index_argv, NULL, flags);
+               } else {
+                       open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_DIFF, flags);
                }
-
-               open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_DIFF, flags);
                if (VIEW(REQ_VIEW_DIFF)->pipe && !strcmp(blame->commit->id, NULL_ID))
                        string_copy_rev(VIEW(REQ_VIEW_DIFF)->ref, NULL_ID);
                break;
@@ -4882,7 +4523,6 @@ blame_select(struct view *view, struct line *line)
 
 static struct view_ops blame_ops = {
        "line",
-       NULL,
        blame_open,
        blame_read,
        blame_draw,
@@ -4933,10 +4573,10 @@ branch_draw(struct view *view, struct line *line, unsigned int lineno)
        struct branch *branch = line->data;
        enum line_type type = branch->ref->head ? LINE_MAIN_HEAD : LINE_DEFAULT;
 
-       if (opt_date && draw_date(view, &branch->time))
+       if (draw_date(view, &branch->time))
                return TRUE;
 
-       if (opt_author && draw_author(view, branch->author))
+       if (draw_author(view, branch->author))
                return TRUE;
 
        draw_text(view, type, branch->ref == &branch_all ? "All branches" : branch->ref->name);
@@ -4951,7 +4591,7 @@ branch_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
        switch (request) {
        case REQ_REFRESH:
                load_refs();
-               open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_BRANCH, OPEN_REFRESH);
+               refresh_view(view);
                return REQ_NONE;
 
        case REQ_TOGGLE_SORT_FIELD:
@@ -4969,10 +4609,7 @@ branch_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
                };
                struct view *main_view = VIEW(REQ_VIEW_MAIN);
 
-               if (!prepare_update(main_view, all_branches_argv, NULL))
-                       report("Failed to load view of all branches");
-               else
-                       open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_MAIN, OPEN_PREPARED | OPEN_SPLIT);
+               open_argv(view, main_view, all_branches_argv, NULL, OPEN_SPLIT);
                return REQ_NONE;
        }
        default:
@@ -5039,19 +4676,18 @@ branch_open_visitor(void *data, const struct ref *ref)
 }
 
 static bool
-branch_open(struct view *view)
+branch_open(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags)
 {
        const char *branch_log[] = {
                "git", "log", "--no-color", "--pretty=raw",
                        "--simplify-by-decoration", "--all", NULL
        };
 
-       if (!start_update(view, branch_log, NULL)) {
+       if (!begin_update(view, NULL, branch_log, flags)) {
                report("Failed to load branch data");
                return TRUE;
        }
 
-       setup_update(view, view->id);
        branch_open_visitor(view, &branch_all);
        foreach_ref(branch_open_visitor, view);
        view->p_restore = TRUE;
@@ -5065,7 +4701,7 @@ branch_grep(struct view *view, struct line *line)
        struct branch *branch = line->data;
        const char *text[] = {
                branch->ref->name,
-               branch->author,
+               mkauthor(branch->author, opt_author_cols, opt_author),
                NULL
        };
 
@@ -5085,7 +4721,6 @@ branch_select(struct view *view, struct line *line)
 
 static struct view_ops branch_ops = {
        "branch",
-       NULL,
        branch_open,
        branch_read,
        branch_draw,
@@ -5337,7 +4972,7 @@ status_update_onbranch(void)
  * info using git-diff-files(1), and finally untracked files using
  * git-ls-files(1). */
 static bool
-status_open(struct view *view)
+status_open(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags)
 {
        reset_view(view);
 
@@ -5418,15 +5053,6 @@ status_draw(struct view *view, struct line *line, unsigned int lineno)
        return TRUE;
 }
 
-static enum request
-status_load_error(struct view *view, struct view *stage, const char *path)
-{
-       if (displayed_views() == 2 || display[current_view] != view)
-               maximize_view(view);
-       report("Failed to load '%s': %s", path, io_strerror(&stage->io));
-       return REQ_NONE;
-}
-
 static enum request
 status_enter(struct view *view, struct line *line)
 {
@@ -5436,7 +5062,7 @@ status_enter(struct view *view, struct line *line)
         * path, so leave it empty. */
        const char *newpath = status && status->status != 'U' ? status->new.name : NULL;
        const char *info;
-       enum open_flags split;
+       enum open_flags flags = view_is_displayed(view) ? OPEN_SPLIT : OPEN_DEFAULT;
        struct view *stage = VIEW(REQ_VIEW_STAGE);
 
        if (line->type == LINE_STAT_NONE ||
@@ -5453,8 +5079,7 @@ status_enter(struct view *view, struct line *line)
                                        "--", "/dev/null", newpath, NULL
                        };
 
-                       if (!prepare_update(stage, no_head_diff_argv, opt_cdup))
-                               return status_load_error(view, stage, newpath);
+                       open_argv(view, stage, no_head_diff_argv, opt_cdup, flags); 
                } else {
                        const char *index_show_argv[] = {
                                "git", "diff-index", "--root", "--patch-with-stat",
@@ -5462,8 +5087,7 @@ status_enter(struct view *view, struct line *line)
                                        oldpath, newpath, NULL
                        };
 
-                       if (!prepare_update(stage, index_show_argv, opt_cdup))
-                               return status_load_error(view, stage, newpath);
+                       open_argv(view, stage, index_show_argv, opt_cdup, flags);
                }
 
                if (status)
@@ -5479,8 +5103,7 @@ status_enter(struct view *view, struct line *line)
                                "-C", "-M", "--", oldpath, newpath, NULL
                };
 
-               if (!prepare_update(stage, files_show_argv, opt_cdup))
-                       return status_load_error(view, stage, newpath);
+               open_argv(view, stage, files_show_argv, opt_cdup, flags);
                if (status)
                        info = "Unstaged changes to %s";
                else
@@ -5498,8 +5121,7 @@ status_enter(struct view *view, struct line *line)
                        return REQ_NONE;
                }
 
-               if (!prepare_update_file(stage, newpath))
-                       return status_load_error(view, stage, newpath);
+               open_file(view, stage, newpath, flags);
                info = "Untracked file %s";
                break;
 
@@ -5510,8 +5132,6 @@ status_enter(struct view *view, struct line *line)
                die("line type %d not handled in switch", line->type);
        }
 
-       split = view_is_displayed(view) ? OPEN_SPLIT : OPEN_DEFAULT;
-       open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_STAGE, OPEN_PREPARED | split);
        if (view_is_displayed(VIEW(REQ_VIEW_STAGE))) {
                if (status) {
                        stage_status = *status;
@@ -5781,7 +5401,7 @@ status_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
                return request;
        }
 
-       open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_STATUS, OPEN_RELOAD);
+       refresh_view(view);
 
        return REQ_NONE;
 }
@@ -5852,7 +5472,6 @@ status_grep(struct view *view, struct line *line)
 
 static struct view_ops status_ops = {
        "file",
-       NULL,
        status_open,
        NULL,
        status_draw,
@@ -6062,8 +5681,7 @@ stage_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
                return request;
        }
 
-       VIEW(REQ_VIEW_STATUS)->p_restore = TRUE;
-       open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_STATUS, OPEN_REFRESH);
+       refresh_view(view->parent);
 
        /* Check whether the staged entry still exists, and close the
         * stage view if it doesn't. */
@@ -6072,26 +5690,14 @@ stage_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
                return REQ_VIEW_CLOSE;
        }
 
-       if (stage_line_type == LINE_STAT_UNTRACKED) {
-               if (!suffixcmp(stage_status.new.name, -1, "/")) {
-                       report("Cannot display a directory");
-                       return REQ_NONE;
-               }
-
-               if (!prepare_update_file(view, stage_status.new.name)) {
-                       report("Failed to open file: %s", strerror(errno));
-                       return REQ_NONE;
-               }
-       }
-       open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_STAGE, OPEN_REFRESH);
+       refresh_view(view);
 
        return REQ_NONE;
 }
 
 static struct view_ops stage_ops = {
        "line",
-       NULL,
-       NULL,
+       view_open,
        pager_read,
        pager_draw,
        stage_request,
@@ -6104,230 +5710,96 @@ static struct view_ops stage_ops = {
  * Revision graph
  */
 
-struct commit {
-       char id[SIZEOF_REV];            /* SHA1 ID. */
-       char title[128];                /* First line of the commit message. */
-       const char *author;             /* Author of the commit. */
-       struct time time;               /* Date from the author ident. */
-       struct ref_list *refs;          /* Repository references. */
-       chtype graph[SIZEOF_REVGRAPH];  /* Ancestry chain graphics. */
-       size_t graph_size;              /* The width of the graph array. */
-       bool has_parents;               /* Rewritten --parents seen. */
-};
-
-/* Size of rev graph with no  "padding" columns */
-#define SIZEOF_REVITEMS        (SIZEOF_REVGRAPH - (SIZEOF_REVGRAPH / 2))
-
-struct rev_graph {
-       struct rev_graph *prev, *next, *parents;
-       char rev[SIZEOF_REVITEMS][SIZEOF_REV];
-       size_t size;
-       struct commit *commit;
-       size_t pos;
-       unsigned int boundary:1;
-};
-
-/* Parents of the commit being visualized. */
-static struct rev_graph graph_parents[4];
-
-/* The current stack of revisions on the graph. */
-static struct rev_graph graph_stacks[4] = {
-       { &graph_stacks[3], &graph_stacks[1], &graph_parents[0] },
-       { &graph_stacks[0], &graph_stacks[2], &graph_parents[1] },
-       { &graph_stacks[1], &graph_stacks[3], &graph_parents[2] },
-       { &graph_stacks[2], &graph_stacks[0], &graph_parents[3] },
+static const enum line_type graph_colors[] = {
+       LINE_GRAPH_LINE_0,
+       LINE_GRAPH_LINE_1,
+       LINE_GRAPH_LINE_2,
+       LINE_GRAPH_LINE_3,
+       LINE_GRAPH_LINE_4,
+       LINE_GRAPH_LINE_5,
+       LINE_GRAPH_LINE_6,
 };
 
-static inline bool
-graph_parent_is_merge(struct rev_graph *graph)
+static enum line_type get_graph_color(struct graph_symbol *symbol)
 {
-       return graph->parents->size > 1;
+       if (symbol->commit)
+               return LINE_GRAPH_COMMIT;
+       assert(symbol->color < ARRAY_SIZE(graph_colors));
+       return graph_colors[symbol->color];
 }
 
-static inline void
-append_to_rev_graph(struct rev_graph *graph, chtype symbol)
+static bool
+draw_graph_utf8(struct view *view, struct graph_symbol *symbol, enum line_type color, bool first)
 {
-       struct commit *commit = graph->commit;
-
-       if (commit->graph_size < ARRAY_SIZE(commit->graph) - 1)
-               commit->graph[commit->graph_size++] = symbol;
-}
+       const char *chars = graph_symbol_to_utf8(symbol);
 
-static void
-clear_rev_graph(struct rev_graph *graph)
-{
-       graph->boundary = 0;
-       graph->size = graph->pos = 0;
-       graph->commit = NULL;
-       memset(graph->parents, 0, sizeof(*graph->parents));
+       return draw_text(view, color, chars + !!first); 
 }
 
-static void
-done_rev_graph(struct rev_graph *graph)
+static bool
+draw_graph_ascii(struct view *view, struct graph_symbol *symbol, enum line_type color, bool first)
 {
-       if (graph_parent_is_merge(graph) &&
-           graph->pos < graph->size - 1 &&
-           graph->next->size == graph->size + graph->parents->size - 1) {
-               size_t i = graph->pos + graph->parents->size - 1;
-
-               graph->commit->graph_size = i * 2;
-               while (i < graph->next->size - 1) {
-                       append_to_rev_graph(graph, ' ');
-                       append_to_rev_graph(graph, '\\');
-                       i++;
-               }
-       }
+       const char *chars = graph_symbol_to_ascii(symbol);
 
-       clear_rev_graph(graph);
+       return draw_text(view, color, chars + !!first); 
 }
 
-static void
-push_rev_graph(struct rev_graph *graph, const char *parent)
+static bool
+draw_graph_chtype(struct view *view, struct graph_symbol *symbol, enum line_type color, bool first)
 {
-       int i;
+       const chtype *chars = graph_symbol_to_chtype(symbol);
 
-       /* "Collapse" duplicate parents lines.
-        *
-        * FIXME: This needs to also update update the drawn graph but
-        * for now it just serves as a method for pruning graph lines. */
-       for (i = 0; i < graph->size; i++)
-               if (!strncmp(graph->rev[i], parent, SIZEOF_REV))
-                       return;
-
-       if (graph->size < SIZEOF_REVITEMS) {
-               string_copy_rev(graph->rev[graph->size++], parent);
-       }
+       return draw_graphic(view, color, chars + !!first, 2 - !!first, FALSE); 
 }
 
-static chtype
-get_rev_graph_symbol(struct rev_graph *graph)
-{
-       chtype symbol;
-
-       if (graph->boundary)
-               symbol = REVGRAPH_BOUND;
-       else if (graph->parents->size == 0)
-               symbol = REVGRAPH_INIT;
-       else if (graph_parent_is_merge(graph))
-               symbol = REVGRAPH_MERGE;
-       else if (graph->pos >= graph->size)
-               symbol = REVGRAPH_BRANCH;
-       else
-               symbol = REVGRAPH_COMMIT;
-
-       return symbol;
-}
+typedef bool (*draw_graph_fn)(struct view *, struct graph_symbol *, enum line_type, bool);
 
-static void
-draw_rev_graph(struct rev_graph *graph)
+static bool draw_graph(struct view *view, struct graph_canvas *canvas)
 {
-       struct rev_filler {
-               chtype separator, line;
-       };
-       enum { DEFAULT, RSHARP, RDIAG, LDIAG };
-       static struct rev_filler fillers[] = {
-               { ' ',  '|' },
-               { '`',  '.' },
-               { '\'', ' ' },
-               { '/',  ' ' },
+       static const draw_graph_fn fns[] = {
+               draw_graph_ascii,
+               draw_graph_chtype,
+               draw_graph_utf8
        };
-       chtype symbol = get_rev_graph_symbol(graph);
-       struct rev_filler *filler;
-       size_t i;
-
-       fillers[DEFAULT].line = opt_line_graphics ? ACS_VLINE : '|';
-       filler = &fillers[DEFAULT];
-
-       for (i = 0; i < graph->pos; i++) {
-               append_to_rev_graph(graph, filler->line);
-               if (graph_parent_is_merge(graph->prev) &&
-                   graph->prev->pos == i)
-                       filler = &fillers[RSHARP];
-
-               append_to_rev_graph(graph, filler->separator);
-       }
-
-       /* Place the symbol for this revision. */
-       append_to_rev_graph(graph, symbol);
-
-       if (graph->prev->size > graph->size)
-               filler = &fillers[RDIAG];
-       else
-               filler = &fillers[DEFAULT];
-
-       i++;
-
-       for (; i < graph->size; i++) {
-               append_to_rev_graph(graph, filler->separator);
-               append_to_rev_graph(graph, filler->line);
-               if (graph_parent_is_merge(graph->prev) &&
-                   i < graph->prev->pos + graph->parents->size)
-                       filler = &fillers[RSHARP];
-               if (graph->prev->size > graph->size)
-                       filler = &fillers[LDIAG];
-       }
-
-       if (graph->prev->size > graph->size) {
-               append_to_rev_graph(graph, filler->separator);
-               if (filler->line != ' ')
-                       append_to_rev_graph(graph, filler->line);
-       }
-}
-
-/* Prepare the next rev graph */
-static void
-prepare_rev_graph(struct rev_graph *graph)
-{
-       size_t i;
+       draw_graph_fn fn = fns[opt_line_graphics];
+       int i;
 
-       /* First, traverse all lines of revisions up to the active one. */
-       for (graph->pos = 0; graph->pos < graph->size; graph->pos++) {
-               if (!strcmp(graph->rev[graph->pos], graph->commit->id))
-                       break;
+       for (i = 0; i < canvas->size; i++) {
+               struct graph_symbol *symbol = &canvas->symbols[i];
+               enum line_type color = get_graph_color(symbol);
 
-               push_rev_graph(graph->next, graph->rev[graph->pos]);
+               if (fn(view, symbol, color, i == 0))
+                       return TRUE;
        }
 
-       /* Interleave the new revision parent(s). */
-       for (i = 0; !graph->boundary && i < graph->parents->size; i++)
-               push_rev_graph(graph->next, graph->parents->rev[i]);
-
-       /* Lastly, put any remaining revisions. */
-       for (i = graph->pos + 1; i < graph->size; i++)
-               push_rev_graph(graph->next, graph->rev[i]);
-}
-
-static void
-update_rev_graph(struct view *view, struct rev_graph *graph)
-{
-       /* If this is the finalizing update ... */
-       if (graph->commit)
-               prepare_rev_graph(graph);
-
-       /* Graph visualization needs a one rev look-ahead,
-        * so the first update doesn't visualize anything. */
-       if (!graph->prev->commit)
-               return;
-
-       if (view->lines > 2)
-               view->line[view->lines - 3].dirty = 1;
-       if (view->lines > 1)
-               view->line[view->lines - 2].dirty = 1;
-       draw_rev_graph(graph->prev);
-       done_rev_graph(graph->prev->prev);
+       return draw_text(view, LINE_MAIN_REVGRAPH, " ");
 }
 
-
 /*
  * Main view backend
  */
 
-static const char *main_argv[SIZEOF_ARG] = {
-       "git", "log", "--no-color", "--pretty=raw", "--parents",
-               "--topo-order", "%(diffargs)", "%(revargs)",
-               "--", "%(fileargs)", NULL
+struct commit {
+       char id[SIZEOF_REV];            /* SHA1 ID. */
+       char title[128];                /* First line of the commit message. */
+       const char *author;             /* Author of the commit. */
+       struct time time;               /* Date from the author ident. */
+       struct ref_list *refs;          /* Repository references. */
+       struct graph_canvas graph;      /* Ancestry chain graphics. */
 };
 
+static bool
+main_open(struct view *view, enum open_flags flags)
+{
+       static const char *main_argv[] = {
+               "git", "log", "--no-color", "--pretty=raw", "--parents",
+                       "--topo-order", "%(diffargs)", "%(revargs)",
+                       "--", "%(fileargs)", NULL
+       };
+
+       return begin_update(view, NULL, main_argv, flags);
+}
+
 static bool
 main_draw(struct view *view, struct line *line, unsigned int lineno)
 {
@@ -6336,45 +5808,17 @@ main_draw(struct view *view, struct line *line, unsigned int lineno)
        if (!commit->author)
                return FALSE;
 
-       if (opt_date && draw_date(view, &commit->time))
+       if (draw_date(view, &commit->time))
                return TRUE;
 
-       if (opt_author && draw_author(view, commit->author))
+       if (draw_author(view, commit->author))
                return TRUE;
 
-       if (opt_rev_graph && commit->graph_size &&
-           draw_graphic(view, LINE_MAIN_REVGRAPH, commit->graph, commit->graph_size))
+       if (opt_rev_graph && draw_graph(view, &commit->graph))
                return TRUE;
 
-       if (opt_show_refs && commit->refs) {
-               size_t i;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < commit->refs->size; i++) {
-                       struct ref *ref = commit->refs->refs[i];
-                       enum line_type type;
-
-                       if (ref->head)
-                               type = LINE_MAIN_HEAD;
-                       else if (ref->ltag)
-                               type = LINE_MAIN_LOCAL_TAG;
-                       else if (ref->tag)
-                               type = LINE_MAIN_TAG;
-                       else if (ref->tracked)
-                               type = LINE_MAIN_TRACKED;
-                       else if (ref->remote)
-                               type = LINE_MAIN_REMOTE;
-                       else
-                               type = LINE_MAIN_REF;
-
-                       if (draw_text(view, type, "[") ||
-                           draw_text(view, type, ref->name) ||
-                           draw_text(view, type, "]"))
-                               return TRUE;
-
-                       if (draw_text(view, LINE_DEFAULT, " "))
-                               return TRUE;
-               }
-       }
+       if (draw_refs(view, commit->refs))
+               return TRUE;
 
        draw_text(view, LINE_DEFAULT, commit->title);
        return TRUE;
@@ -6384,13 +5828,11 @@ main_draw(struct view *view, struct line *line, unsigned int lineno)
 static bool
 main_read(struct view *view, char *line)
 {
-       static struct rev_graph *graph = graph_stacks;
+       static struct graph graph;
        enum line_type type;
        struct commit *commit;
 
        if (!line) {
-               int i;
-
                if (!view->lines && !view->prev)
                        die("No revisions match the given arguments.");
                if (view->lines > 0) {
@@ -6399,38 +5841,30 @@ main_read(struct view *view, char *line)
                        if (!commit->author) {
                                view->lines--;
                                free(commit);
-                               graph->commit = NULL;
                        }
                }
-               update_rev_graph(view, graph);
 
-               for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(graph_stacks); i++)
-                       clear_rev_graph(&graph_stacks[i]);
+               done_graph(&graph);
                return TRUE;
        }
 
        type = get_line_type(line);
        if (type == LINE_COMMIT) {
+               bool is_boundary;
+
                commit = calloc(1, sizeof(struct commit));
                if (!commit)
                        return FALSE;
 
                line += STRING_SIZE("commit ");
-               if (*line == '-') {
-                       graph->boundary = 1;
+               is_boundary = *line == '-';
+               if (is_boundary)
                        line++;
-               }
 
                string_copy_rev(commit->id, line);
                commit->refs = get_ref_list(commit->id);
-               graph->commit = commit;
                add_line_data(view, commit, LINE_MAIN_COMMIT);
-
-               while ((line = strchr(line, ' '))) {
-                       line++;
-                       push_rev_graph(graph->parents, line);
-                       commit->has_parents = TRUE;
-               }
+               graph_add_commit(&graph, &commit->graph, commit->id, line, is_boundary);
                return TRUE;
        }
 
@@ -6440,16 +5874,14 @@ main_read(struct view *view, char *line)
 
        switch (type) {
        case LINE_PARENT:
-               if (commit->has_parents)
-                       break;
-               push_rev_graph(graph->parents, line + STRING_SIZE("parent "));
+               if (!graph.has_parents)
+                       graph_add_parent(&graph, line + STRING_SIZE("parent "));
                break;
 
        case LINE_AUTHOR:
                parse_author_line(line + STRING_SIZE("author "),
                                  &commit->author, &commit->time);
-               update_rev_graph(view, graph);
-               graph = graph->next;
+               graph_render_parents(&graph);
                break;
 
        default:
@@ -6486,12 +5918,12 @@ main_request(struct view *view, enum request request, struct line *line)
        switch (request) {
        case REQ_ENTER:
                if (view_is_displayed(view) && display[0] != view)
-                       maximize_view(view);
+                       maximize_view(view, TRUE);
                open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_DIFF, flags);
                break;
        case REQ_REFRESH:
                load_refs();
-               open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_MAIN, OPEN_REFRESH);
+               refresh_view(view);
                break;
        default:
                return request;
@@ -6523,7 +5955,7 @@ main_grep(struct view *view, struct line *line)
        struct commit *commit = line->data;
        const char *text[] = {
                commit->title,
-               opt_author ? commit->author : "",
+               mkauthor(commit->author, opt_author_cols, opt_author),
                mkdate(&commit->time, opt_date),
                NULL
        };
@@ -6542,8 +5974,7 @@ main_select(struct view *view, struct line *line)
 
 static struct view_ops main_ops = {
        "commit",
-       main_argv,
-       NULL,
+       main_open,
        main_read,
        main_draw,
        main_request,
@@ -7267,7 +6698,7 @@ static const char usage[] =
 "\n"
 "Usage: tig        [options] [revs] [--] [paths]\n"
 "   or: tig show   [options] [revs] [--] [paths]\n"
-"   or: tig blame  [rev] path\n"
+"   or: tig blame  [options] [rev] [--] path\n"
 "   or: tig status\n"
 "   or: tig <      [git command output]\n"
 "\n"
@@ -7364,16 +6795,18 @@ parse_options(int argc, const char *argv[])
                return REQ_VIEW_STATUS;
 
        } else if (!strcmp(subcommand, "blame")) {
-               if (argc <= 2 || argc > 4)
+               filter_rev_parse(&opt_file_argv, "--no-revs", "--no-flags", argv + 2);
+               filter_rev_parse(&opt_blame_argv, "--no-revs", "--flags", argv + 2);
+               filter_rev_parse(&opt_rev_argv, "--symbolic", "--revs-only", argv + 2);
+
+               if (!opt_file_argv || opt_file_argv[1] || (opt_rev_argv && opt_rev_argv[1]))
                        die("invalid number of options to blame\n\n%s", usage);
 
-               i = 2;
-               if (argc == 4) {
-                       string_ncopy(opt_ref, argv[i], strlen(argv[i]));
-                       i++;
+               if (opt_rev_argv) {
+                       string_ncopy(opt_ref, opt_rev_argv[0], strlen(opt_rev_argv[0]));
                }
 
-               string_ncopy(opt_file, argv[i], strlen(argv[i]));
+               string_ncopy(opt_file, opt_file_argv[0], strlen(opt_file_argv[0]));
                return REQ_VIEW_BLAME;
 
        } else if (!strcmp(subcommand, "show")) {
@@ -7423,7 +6856,6 @@ main(int argc, const char *argv[])
        const char *codeset = "UTF-8";
        enum request request = parse_options(argc, argv);
        struct view *view;
-       size_t i;
 
        signal(SIGINT, quit);
        signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
@@ -7460,16 +6892,6 @@ main(int argc, const char *argv[])
        if (load_refs() == ERR)
                die("Failed to load refs.");
 
-       foreach_view (view, i) {
-               if (getenv(view->cmd_env))
-                       warn("Use of the %s environment variable is deprecated,"
-                            " use options or TIG_DIFF_ARGS instead",
-                            view->cmd_env);
-               if (!argv_from_env(view->ops->argv, view->cmd_env))
-                       die("Too many arguments in the `%s` environment variable",
-                           view->cmd_env);
-       }
-
        init_display();
 
        while (view_driver(display[current_view], request)) {
@@ -7511,10 +6933,8 @@ main(int argc, const char *argv[])
 
                                if (!argv_from_string(argv, &argc, cmd)) {
                                        report("Too many arguments");
-                               } else if (!prepare_update(next, argv, NULL)) {
-                                       report("Failed to format command");
                                } else {
-                                       open_view(view, REQ_VIEW_PAGER, OPEN_PREPARED);
+                                       open_argv(view, next, argv, NULL, OPEN_DEFAULT);
                                }
                        }