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diff --git a/doc/rrd-beginners.1 b/doc/rrd-beginners.1
index 409df53ec77aaa209d849b91466aaa74a759b9df..415ee113990cf8e9c6870048baf1616b941a0a84 100644 (file)
--- a/doc/rrd-beginners.1
+++ b/doc/rrd-beginners.1
-.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.32
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-.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
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+. de IX
+..
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.IX Title "RRD-BEGINNERS 1"
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.IX Title "RRD-BEGINNERS 1"
-.TH RRD-BEGINNERS 1 "2008-03-15" "1.3.5" "rrdtool"
+.TH RRD-BEGINNERS 1 "2013-05-23" "1.4.8" "rrdtool"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
.SH "NAME"
rrd\-beginners \- RRDtool Beginners' Guide
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.SH "NAME"
rrd\-beginners \- RRDtool Beginners' Guide
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
database. This is followed by an overview of the \*(L"graph\*(R" feature of RRDtool.
At the end, it has sample scripts that illustrate the
usage/wrapping of RRDtool within Shell or Perl scripts.
database. This is followed by an overview of the \*(L"graph\*(R" feature of RRDtool.
At the end, it has sample scripts that illustrate the
usage/wrapping of RRDtool within Shell or Perl scripts.
-.Sh "What makes RRDtool so special?"
+.SS "What makes RRDtool so special?"
.IX Subsection "What makes RRDtool so special?"
RRDtool is \s-1GNU\s0 licensed software developed by Tobias Oetiker, a system
manager at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Though it is a
.IX Subsection "What makes RRDtool so special?"
RRDtool is \s-1GNU\s0 licensed software developed by Tobias Oetiker, a system
manager at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Though it is a
from the command line, as well as from Shell or Perl scripts. The
scripts act as wrappers for accessing data stored in RRDtool
databases.
from the command line, as well as from Shell or Perl scripts. The
scripts act as wrappers for accessing data stored in RRDtool
databases.
-.Sh "Understanding by an example"
+.SS "Understanding by an example"
.IX Subsection "Understanding by an example"
The structure of an \s-1RRD\s0 database is different than other linear databases.
Other databases define tables with columns, and many other parameters. These
.IX Subsection "Understanding by an example"
The structure of an \s-1RRD\s0 database is different than other linear databases.
Other databases define tables with columns, and many other parameters. These
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ every step interval, a new value of \s-1DS\s0 is supplied to update the database
This value is also called Primary Data Point \fB(\s-1PDP\s0)\fR. In our example
mentioned above, a new \s-1PDP\s0 is generated every 300 seconds.
.PP
This value is also called Primary Data Point \fB(\s-1PDP\s0)\fR. In our example
mentioned above, a new \s-1PDP\s0 is generated every 300 seconds.
.PP
-Note, that if you do \s-1NOT\s0 supply new datapoints exactly every 300 seconds,
+Note, that if you do \s-1NOT\s0 supply new data points exactly every 300 seconds,
this is not a problem, RRDtool will interpolate the data accordingly.
.PP
\&\fB\s-1DST\s0\fR (Data Source Type) defines the type of the \s-1DS\s0. It can be
this is not a problem, RRDtool will interpolate the data accordingly.
.PP
\&\fB\s-1DST\s0\fR (Data Source Type) defines the type of the \s-1DS\s0. It can be
the previous value is greater than 0). Traffic counters on a router
are an ideal candidate for using \s-1COUNTER\s0 as \s-1DST\s0. \s-1DERIVE\s0 is the same as
\&\s-1COUNTER\s0, but it allows negative values as well. If you want to see the
the previous value is greater than 0). Traffic counters on a router
are an ideal candidate for using \s-1COUNTER\s0 as \s-1DST\s0. \s-1DERIVE\s0 is the same as
\&\s-1COUNTER\s0, but it allows negative values as well. If you want to see the
-rate of \fIchange\fR in free diskspace on your server, then you might
+rate of \fIchange\fR in free disk space on your server, then you might
want to use the \s-1DERIVE\s0 data type. \s-1ABSOLUTE\s0 also saves the rate of
change, but it assumes that the previous value is set to 0. The
difference between the current and the previous value is always equal
want to use the \s-1DERIVE\s0 data type. \s-1ABSOLUTE\s0 also saves the rate of
change, but it assumes that the previous value is set to 0. The
difference between the current and the previous value is always equal
example, if a database has 3 DSs and daily, weekly, monthly, and
yearly RRAs are declared, then each \s-1RRA\s0 will hold data from all 3 data
sources.
example, if a database has 3 DSs and daily, weekly, monthly, and
yearly RRAs are declared, then each \s-1RRA\s0 will hold data from all 3 data
sources.
-.Sh "Graphical Magic"
+.SS "Graphical Magic"
.IX Subsection "Graphical Magic"
Another important feature of RRDtool is its ability to create
graphs. The \*(L"graph\*(R" command uses the \*(L"fetch\*(R" command internally to
.IX Subsection "Graphical Magic"
Another important feature of RRDtool is its ability to create
graphs. The \*(L"graph\*(R" command uses the \*(L"fetch\*(R" command internally to
care must be taken to define \s-1STACK\s0 only after defining \s-1AREA/LINE\s0. It
is also possible to put formatted comments within the graph. Detailed
instructions can be found in the graph manual.
care must be taken to define \s-1STACK\s0 only after defining \s-1AREA/LINE\s0. It
is also possible to put formatted comments within the graph. Detailed
instructions can be found in the graph manual.
-.Sh "Wrapping RRDtool within Shell/Perl script"
+.SS "Wrapping RRDtool within Shell/Perl script"
.IX Subsection "Wrapping RRDtool within Shell/Perl script"
After understanding RRDtool it is now a time to actually use RRDtool
in scripts. Tasks involved in network management are data collection,
.IX Subsection "Wrapping RRDtool within Shell/Perl script"
After understanding RRDtool it is now a time to actually use RRDtool
in scripts. Tasks involved in network management are data collection,
\fIShell script (collects data, updates database)\fR
.IX Subsection "Shell script (collects data, updates database)"
.PP
\fIShell script (collects data, updates database)\fR
.IX Subsection "Shell script (collects data, updates database)"
.PP
-.Vb 14
+.Vb 10
\& #!/bin/sh
\& a=0
\& while [ "$a" == 0 ]; do
\& snmpwalk \-c public 192.168.1.250 hrSWRunPerfMem > snmp_reply
\& #!/bin/sh
\& a=0
\& while [ "$a" == 0 ]; do
\& snmpwalk \-c public 192.168.1.250 hrSWRunPerfMem > snmp_reply
-\& total_mem=`awk \(aqBEGIN {tot_mem=0}
+\& total_mem=\`awk \*(AqBEGIN {tot_mem=0}
\& { if ($NF == "KBytes")
\& {tot_mem=tot_mem+$(NF\-1)}
\& }
\& { if ($NF == "KBytes")
\& {tot_mem=tot_mem+$(NF\-1)}
\& }
-\& END {print tot_mem}\(aq snmp_reply`
+\& END {print tot_mem}\*(Aq snmp_reply\`
\& # I can use N as a replacement for the current time
\& rrdtool update target.rrd N:$total_mem
\& # sleep until the next 300 seconds are full
\& # I can use N as a replacement for the current time
\& rrdtool update target.rrd N:$total_mem
\& # sleep until the next 300 seconds are full
-\& perl \-e \(aqsleep 300 \- time % 300\(aq
+\& perl \-e \*(Aqsleep 300 \- time % 300\*(Aq
\& done # end of while loop
.Ve
.PP
\& done # end of while loop
.Ve
.PP
\& #!/usr/bin/perl \-w
\& # This script fetches data from target.rrd, creates a graph of memory
\& # consumption on the target (Dual P3 Processor 1 GHz, 656 MB RAM)
\& #!/usr/bin/perl \-w
\& # This script fetches data from target.rrd, creates a graph of memory
\& # consumption on the target (Dual P3 Processor 1 GHz, 656 MB RAM)
-.Ve
-.PP
-.Vb 6
+\&
\& # call the RRD perl module
\& use lib qw( /usr/local/rrdtool\-1.0.41/lib/perl ../lib/perl );
\& use RRDs;
\& my $cur_time = time(); # set current time
\& my $end_time = $cur_time \- 86400; # set end time to 24 hours ago
\& my $start_time = $end_time \- 2592000; # set start 30 days in the past
\& # call the RRD perl module
\& use lib qw( /usr/local/rrdtool\-1.0.41/lib/perl ../lib/perl );
\& use RRDs;
\& my $cur_time = time(); # set current time
\& my $end_time = $cur_time \- 86400; # set end time to 24 hours ago
\& my $start_time = $end_time \- 2592000; # set start 30 days in the past
-.Ve
-.PP
-.Vb 58
+\&
\& # fetch average values from the RRD database between start and end time
\& my ($start,$step,$ds_names,$data) =
\& RRDs::fetch("target.rrd", "AVERAGE",
\& # fetch average values from the RRD database between start and end time
\& my ($start,$step,$ds_names,$data) =
\& RRDs::fetch("target.rrd", "AVERAGE",
\& # calculate the average of the array
\& my $tot_mem_ave = $tot_mem_sum/($count);
\& # create the graph
\& # calculate the average of the array
\& my $tot_mem_ave = $tot_mem_sum/($count);
\& # create the graph
-\& RRDs::graph ("/images/mem_$count.png", \e
-\& "\-\-title= Memory Usage", \e
-\& "\-\-vertical\-label=Memory Consumption (MB)", \e
-\& "\-\-start=$start_time", \e
-\& "\-\-end=$end_time", \e
-\& "\-\-color=BACK#CCCCCC", \e
-\& "\-\-color=CANVAS#CCFFFF", \e
-\& "\-\-color=SHADEB#9999CC", \e
-\& "\-\-height=125", \e
-\& "\-\-upper\-limit=656", \e
-\& "\-\-lower\-limit=0", \e
-\& "\-\-rigid", \e
-\& "\-\-base=1024", \e
-\& "DEF:tot_mem=target.rrd:mem:AVERAGE", \e
-\& "CDEF:tot_mem_cor=tot_mem,0,671744,LIMIT,UN,0,tot_mem,IF,1024,/",\e
-\& "CDEF:machine_mem=tot_mem,656,+,tot_mem,\-",\e
-\& "COMMENT:Memory Consumption between $start_time",\e
-\& "COMMENT: and $end_time ",\e
-\& "HRULE:656#000000:Maximum Available Memory \- 656 MB",\e
-\& "AREA:machine_mem#CCFFFF:Memory Unused", \e
+\& RRDs::graph ("/images/mem_$count.png",
+\& "\-\-title= Memory Usage",
+\& "\-\-vertical\-label=Memory Consumption (MB)",
+\& "\-\-start=$start_time",
+\& "\-\-end=$end_time",
+\& "\-\-color=BACK#CCCCCC",
+\& "\-\-color=CANVAS#CCFFFF",
+\& "\-\-color=SHADEB#9999CC",
+\& "\-\-height=125",
+\& "\-\-upper\-limit=656",
+\& "\-\-lower\-limit=0",
+\& "\-\-rigid",
+\& "\-\-base=1024",
+\& "DEF:tot_mem=target.rrd:mem:AVERAGE",
+\& "CDEF:tot_mem_cor=tot_mem,0,671744,LIMIT,UN,0,tot_mem,IF,1024,/",
+\& "CDEF:machine_mem=tot_mem,656,+,tot_mem,\-",
+\& "COMMENT:Memory Consumption between $start_time",
+\& "COMMENT: and $end_time ",
+\& "HRULE:656#000000:Maximum Available Memory \- 656 MB",
+\& "AREA:machine_mem#CCFFFF:Memory Unused",
\& "AREA:tot_mem_cor#6699CC:Total memory consumed in MB");
\& my $err=RRDs::error;
\& if ($err) {print "problem generating the graph: $err\en";}
\& "AREA:tot_mem_cor#6699CC:Total memory consumed in MB");
\& my $err=RRDs::error;
\& if ($err) {print "problem generating the graph: $err\en";}