1 /* xalloc.h -- malloc with out-of-memory checking
3 Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
4 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
6 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
9 (at your option) any later version.
11 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
19 #ifndef XALLOC_H_
20 # define XALLOC_H_
22 # include <stddef.h>
25 # ifdef __cplusplus
26 extern "C" {
27 # endif
30 # ifndef __attribute__
31 # if __GNUC__ < 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 8)
32 # define __attribute__(x)
33 # endif
34 # endif
36 # ifndef ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN
37 # define ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN __attribute__ ((__noreturn__))
38 # endif
40 /* This function is always triggered when memory is exhausted.
41 It must be defined by the application, either explicitly
42 or by using gnulib's xalloc-die module. This is the
43 function to call when one wants the program to die because of a
44 memory allocation failure. */
45 extern void xalloc_die (void) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
47 void *xmalloc (size_t s);
48 void *xzalloc (size_t s);
49 void *xcalloc (size_t n, size_t s);
50 void *xrealloc (void *p, size_t s);
51 void *x2realloc (void *p, size_t *pn);
52 void *xmemdup (void const *p, size_t s);
53 char *xstrdup (char const *str);
55 /* Return 1 if an array of N objects, each of size S, cannot exist due
56 to size arithmetic overflow. S must be positive and N must be
57 nonnegative. This is a macro, not an inline function, so that it
58 works correctly even when SIZE_MAX < N.
60 By gnulib convention, SIZE_MAX represents overflow in size
61 calculations, so the conservative dividend to use here is
62 SIZE_MAX - 1, since SIZE_MAX might represent an overflowed value.
63 However, malloc (SIZE_MAX) fails on all known hosts where
64 sizeof (ptrdiff_t) <= sizeof (size_t), so do not bother to test for
65 exactly-SIZE_MAX allocations on such hosts; this avoids a test and
66 branch when S is known to be 1. */
67 # define xalloc_oversized(n, s) \
68 ((size_t) (sizeof (ptrdiff_t) <= sizeof (size_t) ? -1 : -2) / (s) < (n))
71 /* In the following macros, T must be an elementary or structure/union or
72 typedef'ed type, or a pointer to such a type. To apply one of the
73 following macros to a function pointer or array type, you need to typedef
74 it first and use the typedef name. */
76 /* Allocate an object of type T dynamically, with error checking. */
77 /* extern t *XMALLOC (typename t); */
78 # define XMALLOC(t) ((t *) xmalloc (sizeof (t)))
80 /* Allocate memory for N elements of type T, with error checking. */
81 /* extern t *XNMALLOC (size_t n, typename t); */
82 # define XNMALLOC(n, t) \
83 ((t *) (sizeof (t) == 1 ? xmalloc (n) : xnmalloc (n, sizeof (t))))
85 /* Allocate an object of type T dynamically, with error checking,
86 and zero it. */
87 /* extern t *XZALLOC (typename t); */
88 # define XZALLOC(t) ((t *) xzalloc (sizeof (t)))
90 /* Allocate memory for N elements of type T, with error checking,
91 and zero it. */
92 /* extern t *XCALLOC (size_t n, typename t); */
93 # define XCALLOC(n, t) \
94 ((t *) (sizeof (t) == 1 ? xzalloc (n) : xcalloc (n, sizeof (t))))
97 # if HAVE_INLINE
98 # define static_inline static inline
99 # else
100 void *xnmalloc (size_t n, size_t s);
101 void *xnrealloc (void *p, size_t n, size_t s);
102 void *x2nrealloc (void *p, size_t *pn, size_t s);
103 char *xcharalloc (size_t n);
104 # endif
106 # ifdef static_inline
108 /* Allocate an array of N objects, each with S bytes of memory,
109 dynamically, with error checking. S must be nonzero. */
111 static_inline void *
112 xnmalloc (size_t n, size_t s)
113 {
114 if (xalloc_oversized (n, s))
115 xalloc_die ();
116 return xmalloc (n * s);
117 }
119 /* Change the size of an allocated block of memory P to an array of N
120 objects each of S bytes, with error checking. S must be nonzero. */
122 static_inline void *
123 xnrealloc (void *p, size_t n, size_t s)
124 {
125 if (xalloc_oversized (n, s))
126 xalloc_die ();
127 return xrealloc (p, n * s);
128 }
130 /* If P is null, allocate a block of at least *PN such objects;
131 otherwise, reallocate P so that it contains more than *PN objects
132 each of S bytes. *PN must be nonzero unless P is null, and S must
133 be nonzero. Set *PN to the new number of objects, and return the
134 pointer to the new block. *PN is never set to zero, and the
135 returned pointer is never null.
137 Repeated reallocations are guaranteed to make progress, either by
138 allocating an initial block with a nonzero size, or by allocating a
139 larger block.
141 In the following implementation, nonzero sizes are increased by a
142 factor of approximately 1.5 so that repeated reallocations have
143 O(N) overall cost rather than O(N**2) cost, but the
144 specification for this function does not guarantee that rate.
146 Here is an example of use:
148 int *p = NULL;
149 size_t used = 0;
150 size_t allocated = 0;
152 void
153 append_int (int value)
154 {
155 if (used == allocated)
156 p = x2nrealloc (p, &allocated, sizeof *p);
157 p[used++] = value;
158 }
160 This causes x2nrealloc to allocate a block of some nonzero size the
161 first time it is called.
163 To have finer-grained control over the initial size, set *PN to a
164 nonzero value before calling this function with P == NULL. For
165 example:
167 int *p = NULL;
168 size_t used = 0;
169 size_t allocated = 0;
170 size_t allocated1 = 1000;
172 void
173 append_int (int value)
174 {
175 if (used == allocated)
176 {
177 p = x2nrealloc (p, &allocated1, sizeof *p);
178 allocated = allocated1;
179 }
180 p[used++] = value;
181 }
183 */
185 static_inline void *
186 x2nrealloc (void *p, size_t *pn, size_t s)
187 {
188 size_t n = *pn;
190 if (! p)
191 {
192 if (! n)
193 {
194 /* The approximate size to use for initial small allocation
195 requests, when the invoking code specifies an old size of
196 zero. 64 bytes is the largest "small" request for the
197 GNU C library malloc. */
198 enum { DEFAULT_MXFAST = 64 };
200 n = DEFAULT_MXFAST / s;
201 n += !n;
202 }
203 }
204 else
205 {
206 /* Set N = ceil (1.5 * N) so that progress is made if N == 1.
207 Check for overflow, so that N * S stays in size_t range.
208 The check is slightly conservative, but an exact check isn't
209 worth the trouble. */
210 if ((size_t) -1 / 3 * 2 / s <= n)
211 xalloc_die ();
212 n += (n + 1) / 2;
213 }
215 *pn = n;
216 return xrealloc (p, n * s);
217 }
219 /* Return a pointer to a new buffer of N bytes. This is like xmalloc,
220 except it returns char *. */
222 static_inline char *
223 xcharalloc (size_t n)
224 {
225 return XNMALLOC (n, char);
226 }
228 # endif
230 # ifdef __cplusplus
231 }
233 /* C++ does not allow conversions from void * to other pointer types
234 without a cast. Use templates to work around the problem when
235 possible. */
237 template <typename T> inline T *
238 xrealloc (T *p, size_t s)
239 {
240 return (T *) xrealloc ((void *) p, s);
241 }
243 template <typename T> inline T *
244 xnrealloc (T *p, size_t n, size_t s)
245 {
246 return (T *) xnrealloc ((void *) p, n, s);
247 }
249 template <typename T> inline T *
250 x2realloc (T *p, size_t *pn)
251 {
252 return (T *) x2realloc ((void *) p, pn);
253 }
255 template <typename T> inline T *
256 x2nrealloc (T *p, size_t *pn, size_t s)
257 {
258 return (T *) x2nrealloc ((void *) p, pn, s);
259 }
261 template <typename T> inline T *
262 xmemdup (T const *p, size_t s)
263 {
264 return (T *) xmemdup ((void const *) p, s);
265 }
267 # endif
270 #endif /* !XALLOC_H_ */