Code

Merge branch 'jk/maint-strbuf-missing-init' into maint
authorJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Wed, 28 Dec 2011 19:42:46 +0000 (11:42 -0800)
committerJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Wed, 28 Dec 2011 19:42:46 +0000 (11:42 -0800)
* jk/maint-strbuf-missing-init:
  commit, merge: initialize static strbuf

1  2 
builtin/commit.c
builtin/merge.c

diff --combined builtin/commit.c
index b02e2c4e89a55e04f7c5c3ee95617f947b9f5d99,564042de3928ccff7c8ecb739b78ae1fdc890268..d8d6dd5eaaa5691a0b5059b9a43dd69761dcf72f
@@@ -25,7 -25,6 +25,7 @@@
  #include "rerere.h"
  #include "unpack-trees.h"
  #include "quote.h"
 +#include "submodule.h"
  
  static const char * const builtin_commit_usage[] = {
        "git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
@@@ -38,53 -37,36 +38,53 @@@ static const char * const builtin_statu
  };
  
  static const char implicit_ident_advice[] =
 -"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 +N_("Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
  "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
  "You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
  "\n"
 -"    git config --global user.name Your Name\n"
 +"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
  "    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
  "\n"
 -"If the identity used for this commit is wrong, you can fix it with:\n"
 +"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
  "\n"
 -"    git commit --amend --author='Your Name <you@example.com>'\n";
 +"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n");
  
 -static unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 +static const char empty_amend_advice[] =
 +N_("You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 +"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
 +"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n");
  
 -static char *use_message_buffer;
 +static const char empty_cherry_pick_advice[] =
 +N_("The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 +"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 +"\n"
 +"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 +"\n"
 +"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n");
 +
 +static const char *use_message_buffer;
  static const char commit_editmsg[] = "COMMIT_EDITMSG";
  static struct lock_file index_lock; /* real index */
  static struct lock_file false_lock; /* used only for partial commits */
  static enum {
        COMMIT_AS_IS = 1,
        COMMIT_NORMAL,
 -      COMMIT_PARTIAL,
 +      COMMIT_PARTIAL
  } commit_style;
  
  static const char *logfile, *force_author;
  static const char *template_file;
 +/*
 + * The _message variables are commit names from which to take
 + * the commit message and/or authorship.
 + */
 +static const char *author_message, *author_message_buffer;
  static char *edit_message, *use_message;
 -static char *author_name, *author_email, *author_date;
 -static int all, edit_flag, also, interactive, only, amend, signoff;
 +static char *fixup_message, *squash_message;
 +static int all, edit_flag, also, interactive, patch_interactive, only, amend, signoff;
  static int quiet, verbose, no_verify, allow_empty, dry_run, renew_authorship;
 -static char *untracked_files_arg, *force_date;
 +static int no_post_rewrite, allow_empty_message;
 +static char *untracked_files_arg, *force_date, *ignore_submodule_arg;
  /*
   * The default commit message cleanup mode will remove the lines
   * beginning with # (shell comments) and leading and trailing
  static enum {
        CLEANUP_SPACE,
        CLEANUP_NONE,
 -      CLEANUP_ALL,
 +      CLEANUP_ALL
  } cleanup_mode;
  static char *cleanup_arg;
  
 -static int use_editor = 1, initial_commit, in_merge, include_status = 1;
 +static enum commit_whence whence;
 +static int use_editor = 1, include_status = 1;
 +static int show_ignored_in_status;
  static const char *only_include_assumed;
- static struct strbuf message;
+ static struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
  
  static int null_termination;
  static enum {
        STATUS_FORMAT_LONG,
        STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT,
 -      STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN,
 +      STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN
  } status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_LONG;
 +static int status_show_branch;
  
  static int opt_parse_m(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
  {
  }
  
  static struct option builtin_commit_options[] = {
 -      OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
 -      OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
 +      OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "suppress summary after successful commit"),
 +      OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "show diff in commit message template"),
  
        OPT_GROUP("Commit message options"),
 -      OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &logfile, "read log from file"),
 -      OPT_STRING(0, "author", &force_author, "AUTHOR", "override author for commit"),
 -      OPT_STRING(0, "date", &force_date, "DATE", "override date for commit"),
 -      OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &message, "MESSAGE", "specify commit message", opt_parse_m),
 -      OPT_STRING('c', "reedit-message", &edit_message, "COMMIT", "reuse and edit message from specified commit"),
 -      OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, "COMMIT", "reuse message from specified commit"),
 -      OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C-c/--amend)"),
 +      OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &logfile, "read message from file"),
 +      OPT_STRING(0, "author", &force_author, "author", "override author for commit"),
 +      OPT_STRING(0, "date", &force_date, "date", "override date for commit"),
 +      OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &message, "message", "commit message", opt_parse_m),
 +      OPT_STRING('c', "reedit-message", &edit_message, "commit", "reuse and edit message from specified commit"),
 +      OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, "commit", "reuse message from specified commit"),
 +      OPT_STRING(0, "fixup", &fixup_message, "commit", "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"),
 +      OPT_STRING(0, "squash", &squash_message, "commit", "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"),
 +      OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
        OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, "use specified template file"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &edit_flag, "force edit of commit"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all, "commit all changed files"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "include", &also, "add specified files to index for commit"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "interactive", &interactive, "interactively add files"),
 +      OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, "interactively add changes"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "only", &only, "commit only specified files"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, "bypass pre-commit hook"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, "show what would be committed"),
        OPT_SET_INT(0, "short", &status_format, "show status concisely",
                    STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
 +      OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "branch", &status_show_branch, "show branch information"),
        OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
 -                  "show porcelain output format", STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
 +                  "machine-readable output", STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &null_termination,
                    "terminate entries with NUL"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "amend", &amend, "amend previous commit"),
 +      OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, "bypass post-rewrite hook"),
        { OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, "mode", "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
 -      OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty, "ok to record an empty change"),
        /* end commit contents options */
  
 +      { OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty, NULL,
 +        "ok to record an empty change",
 +        PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 +      { OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty-message", &allow_empty_message, NULL,
 +        "ok to record a change with an empty message",
 +        PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 +
        OPT_END()
  };
  
 +static void determine_whence(struct wt_status *s)
 +{
 +      if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD")))
 +              whence = FROM_MERGE;
 +      else if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")))
 +              whence = FROM_CHERRY_PICK;
 +      else
 +              whence = FROM_COMMIT;
 +      if (s)
 +              s->whence = whence;
 +}
 +
 +static const char *whence_s(void)
 +{
 +      char *s = "";
 +
 +      switch (whence) {
 +      case FROM_COMMIT:
 +              break;
 +      case FROM_MERGE:
 +              s = "merge";
 +              break;
 +      case FROM_CHERRY_PICK:
 +              s = "cherry-pick";
 +              break;
 +      }
 +
 +      return s;
 +}
 +
  static void rollback_index_files(void)
  {
        switch (commit_style) {
@@@ -254,11 -192,8 +254,11 @@@ static int list_paths(struct string_lis
                ;
        m = xcalloc(1, i);
  
 -      if (with_tree)
 -              overlay_tree_on_cache(with_tree, prefix);
 +      if (with_tree) {
 +              char *max_prefix = common_prefix(pattern);
 +              overlay_tree_on_cache(with_tree, max_prefix ? max_prefix : prefix);
 +              free(max_prefix);
 +      }
  
        for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
                struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
                        continue;
                if (!match_pathspec(pattern, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, m))
                        continue;
 -              item = string_list_insert(ce->name, list);
 +              item = string_list_insert(list, ce->name);
                if (ce_skip_worktree(ce))
                        item->util = item; /* better a valid pointer than a fake one */
        }
  
 -      return report_path_error(m, pattern, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0);
 +      return report_path_error(m, pattern, prefix);
  }
  
  static void add_remove_files(struct string_list *list)
  
                if (!lstat(p->string, &st)) {
                        if (add_to_cache(p->string, &st, 0))
 -                              die("updating files failed");
 +                              die(_("updating files failed"));
                } else
                        remove_file_from_cache(p->string);
        }
  }
  
 -static void create_base_index(void)
 +static void create_base_index(const struct commit *current_head)
  {
        struct tree *tree;
        struct unpack_trees_options opts;
        struct tree_desc t;
  
 -      if (initial_commit) {
 +      if (!current_head) {
                discard_cache();
                return;
        }
        opts.dst_index = &the_index;
  
        opts.fn = oneway_merge;
 -      tree = parse_tree_indirect(head_sha1);
 +      tree = parse_tree_indirect(current_head->object.sha1);
        if (!tree)
 -              die("failed to unpack HEAD tree object");
 +              die(_("failed to unpack HEAD tree object"));
        parse_tree(tree);
        init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
        if (unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts))
@@@ -333,50 -268,29 +333,50 @@@ static void refresh_cache_or_die(int re
                die_resolve_conflict("commit");
  }
  
 -static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int is_status)
 +static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 +                         const struct commit *current_head, int is_status)
  {
        int fd;
        struct string_list partial;
        const char **pathspec = NULL;
 +      char *old_index_env = NULL;
        int refresh_flags = REFRESH_QUIET;
  
        if (is_status)
                refresh_flags |= REFRESH_UNMERGED;
 -      if (interactive) {
 -              if (interactive_add(argc, argv, prefix) != 0)
 -                      die("interactive add failed");
 -              if (read_cache_preload(NULL) < 0)
 -                      die("index file corrupt");
 -              commit_style = COMMIT_AS_IS;
 -              return get_index_file();
 -      }
  
        if (*argv)
                pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
  
        if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
 -              die("index file corrupt");
 +              die(_("index file corrupt"));
 +
 +      if (interactive) {
 +              fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 +
 +              refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
 +
 +              if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
 +                  close_lock_file(&index_lock))
 +                      die(_("unable to create temporary index"));
 +
 +              old_index_env = getenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT);
 +              setenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT, index_lock.filename, 1);
 +
 +              if (interactive_add(argc, argv, prefix, patch_interactive) != 0)
 +                      die(_("interactive add failed"));
 +
 +              if (old_index_env && *old_index_env)
 +                      setenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT, old_index_env, 1);
 +              else
 +                      unsetenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT);
 +
 +              discard_cache();
 +              read_cache_from(index_lock.filename);
 +
 +              commit_style = COMMIT_NORMAL;
 +              return index_lock.filename;
 +      }
  
        /*
         * Non partial, non as-is commit.
         * (B) on failure, rollback the real index.
         */
        if (all || (also && pathspec && *pathspec)) {
 -              int fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 +              fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
                add_files_to_cache(also ? prefix : NULL, pathspec, 0);
                refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
                if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
                    close_lock_file(&index_lock))
 -                      die("unable to write new_index file");
 +                      die(_("unable to write new_index file"));
                commit_style = COMMIT_NORMAL;
                return index_lock.filename;
        }
         *
         * (1) return the name of the real index file.
         *
 -       * The caller should run hooks on the real index, and run
 -       * hooks on the real index, and create commit from the_index.
 +       * The caller should run hooks on the real index,
 +       * and create commit from the_index.
         * We still need to refresh the index here.
         */
        if (!pathspec || !*pathspec) {
                fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
                refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
 -              if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
 -                  commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
 -                      die("unable to write new_index file");
 +              if (active_cache_changed) {
 +                      if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
 +                          commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
 +                              die(_("unable to write new_index file"));
 +              } else {
 +                      rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
 +              }
                commit_style = COMMIT_AS_IS;
                return get_index_file();
        }
         */
        commit_style = COMMIT_PARTIAL;
  
 -      if (in_merge)
 -              die("cannot do a partial commit during a merge.");
 +      if (whence != FROM_COMMIT)
 +              die(_("cannot do a partial commit during a %s."), whence_s());
  
        memset(&partial, 0, sizeof(partial));
        partial.strdup_strings = 1;
 -      if (list_paths(&partial, initial_commit ? NULL : "HEAD", prefix, pathspec))
 +      if (list_paths(&partial, !current_head ? NULL : "HEAD", prefix, pathspec))
                exit(1);
  
        discard_cache();
        if (read_cache() < 0)
 -              die("cannot read the index");
 +              die(_("cannot read the index"));
  
        fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
        add_remove_files(&partial);
        refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
        if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
            close_lock_file(&index_lock))
 -              die("unable to write new_index file");
 +              die(_("unable to write new_index file"));
  
        fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&false_lock,
                                       git_path("next-index-%"PRIuMAX,
                                                (uintmax_t) getpid()),
                                       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
  
 -      create_base_index();
 +      create_base_index(current_head);
        add_remove_files(&partial);
        refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
  
        if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
            close_lock_file(&false_lock))
 -              die("unable to write temporary index file");
 +              die(_("unable to write temporary index file"));
  
        discard_cache();
        read_cache_from(false_lock.filename);
@@@ -505,7 -415,7 +505,7 @@@ static int run_status(FILE *fp, const c
  
        switch (status_format) {
        case STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT:
 -              wt_shortstatus_print(s, null_termination);
 +              wt_shortstatus_print(s, null_termination, status_show_branch);
                break;
        case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
                wt_porcelain_print(s, null_termination);
        return s->commitable;
  }
  
 -static int is_a_merge(const unsigned char *sha1)
 +static int is_a_merge(const struct commit *current_head)
  {
 -      struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
 -      if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
 -              die("could not parse HEAD commit");
 -      return !!(commit->parents && commit->parents->next);
 +      return !!(current_head->parents && current_head->parents->next);
  }
  
  static const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
  
 -static void determine_author_info(void)
 +static void determine_author_info(struct strbuf *author_ident)
  {
        char *name, *email, *date;
  
        email = getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL");
        date = getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE");
  
 -      if (use_message && !renew_authorship) {
 +      if (author_message) {
                const char *a, *lb, *rb, *eol;
  
 -              a = strstr(use_message_buffer, "\nauthor ");
 +              a = strstr(author_message_buffer, "\nauthor ");
                if (!a)
 -                      die("invalid commit: %s", use_message);
 +                      die(_("invalid commit: %s"), author_message);
  
 -              lb = strstr(a + 8, " <");
 -              rb = strstr(a + 8, "> ");
 -              eol = strchr(a + 8, '\n');
 -              if (!lb || !rb || !eol)
 -                      die("invalid commit: %s", use_message);
 +              lb = strchrnul(a + strlen("\nauthor "), '<');
 +              rb = strchrnul(lb, '>');
 +              eol = strchrnul(rb, '\n');
 +              if (!*lb || !*rb || !*eol)
 +                      die(_("invalid commit: %s"), author_message);
  
 -              name = xstrndup(a + 8, lb - (a + 8));
 -              email = xstrndup(lb + 2, rb - (lb + 2));
 -              date = xstrndup(rb + 2, eol - (rb + 2));
 +              if (lb == a + strlen("\nauthor "))
 +                      /* \nauthor <foo@example.com> */
 +                      name = xcalloc(1, 1);
 +              else
 +                      name = xmemdupz(a + strlen("\nauthor "),
 +                                      (lb - strlen(" ") -
 +                                       (a + strlen("\nauthor "))));
 +              email = xmemdupz(lb + strlen("<"), rb - (lb + strlen("<")));
 +              date = xmemdupz(rb + strlen("> "), eol - (rb + strlen("> ")));
        }
  
        if (force_author) {
                const char *rb = strchr(force_author, '>');
  
                if (!lb || !rb)
 -                      die("malformed --author parameter");
 +                      die(_("malformed --author parameter"));
                name = xstrndup(force_author, lb - force_author);
                email = xstrndup(lb + 2, rb - (lb + 2));
        }
  
        if (force_date)
                date = force_date;
 -
 -      author_name = name;
 -      author_email = email;
 -      author_date = date;
 +      strbuf_addstr(author_ident, fmt_ident(name, email, date,
 +                                            IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME));
  }
  
  static int ends_rfc2822_footer(struct strbuf *sb)
        return 1;
  }
  
 +static char *cut_ident_timestamp_part(char *string)
 +{
 +      char *ket = strrchr(string, '>');
 +      if (!ket || ket[1] != ' ')
 +              die(_("Malformed ident string: '%s'"), string);
 +      *++ket = '\0';
 +      return ket;
 +}
 +
  static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 -                           struct wt_status *s)
 +                           struct commit *current_head,
 +                           struct wt_status *s,
 +                           struct strbuf *author_ident)
  {
        struct stat statbuf;
 +      struct strbuf committer_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
        int commitable, saved_color_setting;
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        char *buffer;
 -      FILE *fp;
        const char *hook_arg1 = NULL;
        const char *hook_arg2 = NULL;
        int ident_shown = 0;
 +      int clean_message_contents = (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE);
  
        if (!no_verify && run_hook(index_file, "pre-commit", NULL))
                return 0;
  
 +      if (squash_message) {
 +              /*
 +               * Insert the proper subject line before other commit
 +               * message options add their content.
 +               */
 +              if (use_message && !strcmp(use_message, squash_message))
 +                      strbuf_addstr(&sb, "squash! ");
 +              else {
 +                      struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 +                      struct commit *c;
 +                      c = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(squash_message);
 +                      if (!c)
 +                              die(_("could not lookup commit %s"), squash_message);
 +                      ctx.output_encoding = get_commit_output_encoding();
 +                      format_commit_message(c, "squash! %s\n\n", &sb,
 +                                            &ctx);
 +              }
 +      }
 +
        if (message.len) {
                strbuf_addbuf(&sb, &message);
                hook_arg1 = "message";
        } else if (logfile && !strcmp(logfile, "-")) {
                if (isatty(0))
 -                      fprintf(stderr, "(reading log message from standard input)\n");
 +                      fprintf(stderr, _("(reading log message from standard input)\n"));
                if (strbuf_read(&sb, 0, 0) < 0)
 -                      die_errno("could not read log from standard input");
 +                      die_errno(_("could not read log from standard input"));
                hook_arg1 = "message";
        } else if (logfile) {
                if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, logfile, 0) < 0)
 -                      die_errno("could not read log file '%s'",
 +                      die_errno(_("could not read log file '%s'"),
                                  logfile);
                hook_arg1 = "message";
        } else if (use_message) {
                buffer = strstr(use_message_buffer, "\n\n");
                if (!buffer || buffer[2] == '\0')
 -                      die("commit has empty message");
 +                      die(_("commit has empty message"));
                strbuf_add(&sb, buffer + 2, strlen(buffer + 2));
                hook_arg1 = "commit";
                hook_arg2 = use_message;
 +      } else if (fixup_message) {
 +              struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 +              struct commit *commit;
 +              commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(fixup_message);
 +              if (!commit)
 +                      die(_("could not lookup commit %s"), fixup_message);
 +              ctx.output_encoding = get_commit_output_encoding();
 +              format_commit_message(commit, "fixup! %s\n\n",
 +                                    &sb, &ctx);
 +              hook_arg1 = "message";
        } else if (!stat(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), &statbuf)) {
                if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("MERGE_MSG"), 0) < 0)
 -                      die_errno("could not read MERGE_MSG");
 +                      die_errno(_("could not read MERGE_MSG"));
                hook_arg1 = "merge";
        } else if (!stat(git_path("SQUASH_MSG"), &statbuf)) {
                if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("SQUASH_MSG"), 0) < 0)
 -                      die_errno("could not read SQUASH_MSG");
 +                      die_errno(_("could not read SQUASH_MSG"));
                hook_arg1 = "squash";
 -      } else if (template_file && !stat(template_file, &statbuf)) {
 +      } else if (template_file) {
                if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, template_file, 0) < 0)
 -                      die_errno("could not read '%s'", template_file);
 +                      die_errno(_("could not read '%s'"), template_file);
                hook_arg1 = "template";
 +              clean_message_contents = 0;
        }
  
        /*
 -       * This final case does not modify the template message,
 -       * it just sets the argument to the prepare-commit-msg hook.
 +       * The remaining cases don't modify the template message, but
 +       * just set the argument(s) to the prepare-commit-msg hook.
         */
 -      else if (in_merge)
 +      else if (whence == FROM_MERGE)
                hook_arg1 = "merge";
 +      else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK) {
 +              hook_arg1 = "commit";
 +              hook_arg2 = "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD";
 +      }
  
 -      fp = fopen(git_path(commit_editmsg), "w");
 -      if (fp == NULL)
 -              die_errno("could not open '%s'", git_path(commit_editmsg));
 +      if (squash_message) {
 +              /*
 +               * If squash_commit was used for the commit subject,
 +               * then we're possibly hijacking other commit log options.
 +               * Reset the hook args to tell the real story.
 +               */
 +              hook_arg1 = "message";
 +              hook_arg2 = "";
 +      }
  
 -      if (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE)
 +      s->fp = fopen(git_path(commit_editmsg), "w");
 +      if (s->fp == NULL)
 +              die_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), git_path(commit_editmsg));
 +
 +      if (clean_message_contents)
                stripspace(&sb, 0);
  
        if (signoff) {
                strbuf_release(&sob);
        }
  
 -      if (fwrite(sb.buf, 1, sb.len, fp) < sb.len)
 -              die_errno("could not write commit template");
 +      if (fwrite(sb.buf, 1, sb.len, s->fp) < sb.len)
 +              die_errno(_("could not write commit template"));
  
        strbuf_release(&sb);
  
 -      determine_author_info();
 +      /* This checks and barfs if author is badly specified */
 +      determine_author_info(author_ident);
  
        /* This checks if committer ident is explicitly given */
 -      git_committer_info(0);
 +      strbuf_addstr(&committer_ident, git_committer_info(0));
        if (use_editor && include_status) {
 -              char *author_ident;
 -              const char *committer_ident;
 -
 -              if (in_merge)
 -                      fprintf(fp,
 -                              "#\n"
 -                              "# It looks like you may be committing a MERGE.\n"
 -                              "# If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
 -                              "#      %s\n"
 -                              "# and try again.\n"
 -                              "#\n",
 -                              git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
 -
 -              fprintf(fp,
 -                      "\n"
 -                      "# Please enter the commit message for your changes.");
 +              char *ai_tmp, *ci_tmp;
 +              if (whence != FROM_COMMIT)
 +                      status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 +                              _("\n"
 +                              "It looks like you may be committing a %s.\n"
 +                              "If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
 +                              "       %s\n"
 +                              "and try again.\n"
 +                              ""),
 +                              whence_s(),
 +                              git_path(whence == FROM_MERGE
 +                                       ? "MERGE_HEAD"
 +                                       : "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"));
 +
 +              fprintf(s->fp, "\n");
 +              status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 +                      _("Please enter the commit message for your changes."));
                if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
 -                      fprintf(fp,
 -                              " Lines starting\n"
 -                              "with '#' will be ignored, and an empty"
 -                              " message aborts the commit.\n");
 +                      status_printf_more(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 +                              _(" Lines starting\n"
 +                              "with '#' will be ignored, and an empty"
 +                              " message aborts the commit.\n"));
                else /* CLEANUP_SPACE, that is. */
 -                      fprintf(fp,
 -                              " Lines starting\n"
 -                              "with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
 +                      status_printf_more(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 +                              _(" Lines starting\n"
 +                              "with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
                                " yourself if you want to.\n"
 -                              "# An empty message aborts the commit.\n");
 +                              "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"));
                if (only_include_assumed)
 -                      fprintf(fp, "# %s\n", only_include_assumed);
 -
 -              author_ident = xstrdup(fmt_name(author_name, author_email));
 -              committer_ident = fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
 -                                         getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"));
 -              if (strcmp(author_ident, committer_ident))
 -                      fprintf(fp,
 -                              "%s"
 -                              "# Author:    %s\n",
 -                              ident_shown++ ? "" : "#\n",
 -                              author_ident);
 -              free(author_ident);
 +                      status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 +                                      "%s", only_include_assumed);
 +
 +              ai_tmp = cut_ident_timestamp_part(author_ident->buf);
 +              ci_tmp = cut_ident_timestamp_part(committer_ident.buf);
 +              if (strcmp(author_ident->buf, committer_ident.buf))
 +                      status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 +                              _("%s"
 +                              "Author:    %s"),
 +                              ident_shown++ ? "" : "\n",
 +                              author_ident->buf);
  
                if (!user_ident_sufficiently_given())
 -                      fprintf(fp,
 -                              "%s"
 -                              "# Committer: %s\n",
 -                              ident_shown++ ? "" : "#\n",
 -                              committer_ident);
 +                      status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 +                              _("%s"
 +                              "Committer: %s"),
 +                              ident_shown++ ? "" : "\n",
 +                              committer_ident.buf);
  
                if (ident_shown)
 -                      fprintf(fp, "#\n");
 +                      status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "");
  
                saved_color_setting = s->use_color;
                s->use_color = 0;
 -              commitable = run_status(fp, index_file, prefix, 1, s);
 +              commitable = run_status(s->fp, index_file, prefix, 1, s);
                s->use_color = saved_color_setting;
 +
 +              *ai_tmp = ' ';
 +              *ci_tmp = ' ';
        } else {
                unsigned char sha1[20];
                const char *parent = "HEAD";
  
                if (!active_nr && read_cache() < 0)
 -                      die("Cannot read index");
 +                      die(_("Cannot read index"));
  
                if (amend)
                        parent = "HEAD^1";
                else
                        commitable = index_differs_from(parent, 0);
        }
 +      strbuf_release(&committer_ident);
  
 -      fclose(fp);
 +      fclose(s->fp);
  
 -      if (!commitable && !in_merge && !allow_empty &&
 -          !(amend && is_a_merge(head_sha1))) {
 +      /*
 +       * Reject an attempt to record a non-merge empty commit without
 +       * explicit --allow-empty. In the cherry-pick case, it may be
 +       * empty due to conflict resolution, which the user should okay.
 +       */
 +      if (!commitable && whence != FROM_MERGE && !allow_empty &&
 +          !(amend && is_a_merge(current_head))) {
                run_status(stdout, index_file, prefix, 0, s);
 +              if (amend)
 +                      fputs(_(empty_amend_advice), stderr);
 +              else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK)
 +                      fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice), stderr);
                return 0;
        }
  
                active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
        if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
                              active_cache, active_nr, 0, 0) < 0) {
 -              error("Error building trees");
 +              error(_("Error building trees"));
                return 0;
        }
  
  
        if (use_editor) {
                char index[PATH_MAX];
 -              const char *env[2] = { index, NULL };
 +              const char *env[2] = { NULL };
 +              env[0] =  index;
                snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
                if (launch_editor(git_path(commit_editmsg), NULL, env)) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
 -                      "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n");
 +                      _("Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"));
                        exit(1);
                }
        }
@@@ -961,7 -799,7 +961,7 @@@ static const char *find_author_by_nickn
                format_commit_message(commit, "%an <%ae>", &buf, &ctx);
                return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
        }
 -      die("No existing author found with '%s'", name);
 +      die(_("No existing author found with '%s'"), name);
  }
  
  
@@@ -976,35 -814,12 +976,35 @@@ static void handle_untracked_files_arg(
        else if (!strcmp(untracked_files_arg, "all"))
                s->show_untracked_files = SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES;
        else
 -              die("Invalid untracked files mode '%s'", untracked_files_arg);
 +              die(_("Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"), untracked_files_arg);
 +}
 +
 +static const char *read_commit_message(const char *name)
 +{
 +      const char *out_enc, *out;
 +      struct commit *commit;
 +
 +      commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(name);
 +      if (!commit)
 +              die(_("could not lookup commit %s"), name);
 +      out_enc = get_commit_output_encoding();
 +      out = logmsg_reencode(commit, out_enc);
 +
 +      /*
 +       * If we failed to reencode the buffer, just copy it
 +       * byte for byte so the user can try to fix it up.
 +       * This also handles the case where input and output
 +       * encodings are identical.
 +       */
 +      if (out == NULL)
 +              out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
 +      return out;
  }
  
  static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
                                      const char * const usage[],
                                      const char *prefix,
 +                                    struct commit *current_head,
                                      struct wt_status *s)
  {
        int f = 0;
                force_author = find_author_by_nickname(force_author);
  
        if (force_author && renew_authorship)
 -              die("Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense");
 +              die(_("Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"));
  
 -      if (logfile || message.len || use_message)
 +      if (logfile || message.len || use_message || fixup_message)
                use_editor = 0;
        if (edit_flag)
                use_editor = 1;
        if (!use_editor)
                setenv("GIT_EDITOR", ":", 1);
  
 -      if (get_sha1("HEAD", head_sha1))
 -              initial_commit = 1;
 -
        /* Sanity check options */
 -      if (amend && initial_commit)
 -              die("You have nothing to amend.");
 -      if (amend && in_merge)
 -              die("You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend.");
 -
 +      if (amend && !current_head)
 +              die(_("You have nothing to amend."));
 +      if (amend && whence != FROM_COMMIT)
 +              die(_("You are in the middle of a %s -- cannot amend."), whence_s());
 +      if (fixup_message && squash_message)
 +              die(_("Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"));
        if (use_message)
                f++;
        if (edit_message)
                f++;
 +      if (fixup_message)
 +              f++;
        if (logfile)
                f++;
        if (f > 1)
 -              die("Only one of -c/-C/-F can be used.");
 +              die(_("Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."));
        if (message.len && f > 0)
 -              die("Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F.");
 +              die((_("Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup.")));
        if (edit_message)
                use_message = edit_message;
 -      if (amend && !use_message)
 +      if (amend && !use_message && !fixup_message)
                use_message = "HEAD";
 -      if (!use_message && renew_authorship)
 -              die("--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend.");
 +      if (!use_message && whence != FROM_CHERRY_PICK && renew_authorship)
 +              die(_("--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."));
        if (use_message) {
 -              unsigned char sha1[20];
 -              static char utf8[] = "UTF-8";
 -              const char *out_enc;
 -              char *enc, *end;
 -              struct commit *commit;
 -
 -              if (get_sha1(use_message, sha1))
 -                      die("could not lookup commit %s", use_message);
 -              commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 -              if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
 -                      die("could not parse commit %s", use_message);
 -
 -              enc = strstr(commit->buffer, "\nencoding");
 -              if (enc) {
 -                      end = strchr(enc + 10, '\n');
 -                      enc = xstrndup(enc + 10, end - (enc + 10));
 -              } else {
 -                      enc = utf8;
 +              use_message_buffer = read_commit_message(use_message);
 +              if (!renew_authorship) {
 +                      author_message = use_message;
 +                      author_message_buffer = use_message_buffer;
                }
 -              out_enc = git_commit_encoding ? git_commit_encoding : utf8;
 -
 -              if (strcmp(out_enc, enc))
 -                      use_message_buffer =
 -                              reencode_string(commit->buffer, out_enc, enc);
 -
 -              /*
 -               * If we failed to reencode the buffer, just copy it
 -               * byte for byte so the user can try to fix it up.
 -               * This also handles the case where input and output
 -               * encodings are identical.
 -               */
 -              if (use_message_buffer == NULL)
 -                      use_message_buffer = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
 -              if (enc != utf8)
 -                      free(enc);
 +      }
 +      if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK && !renew_authorship) {
 +              author_message = "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD";
 +              author_message_buffer = read_commit_message(author_message);
        }
  
 +      if (patch_interactive)
 +              interactive = 1;
 +
        if (!!also + !!only + !!all + !!interactive > 1)
 -              die("Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive can be used.");
 +              die(_("Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."));
        if (argc == 0 && (also || (only && !amend)))
 -              die("No paths with --include/--only does not make sense.");
 +              die(_("No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."));
        if (argc == 0 && only && amend)
 -              only_include_assumed = "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index.";
 +              only_include_assumed = _("Clever... amending the last one with dirty index.");
        if (argc > 0 && !also && !only)
 -              only_include_assumed = "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths...";
 +              only_include_assumed = _("Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths...");
        if (!cleanup_arg || !strcmp(cleanup_arg, "default"))
                cleanup_mode = use_editor ? CLEANUP_ALL : CLEANUP_SPACE;
        else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "verbatim"))
        else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "strip"))
                cleanup_mode = CLEANUP_ALL;
        else
 -              die("Invalid cleanup mode %s", cleanup_arg);
 +              die(_("Invalid cleanup mode %s"), cleanup_arg);
  
        handle_untracked_files_arg(s);
  
        if (all && argc > 0)
 -              die("Paths with -a does not make sense.");
 -      else if (interactive && argc > 0)
 -              die("Paths with --interactive does not make sense.");
 +              die(_("Paths with -a does not make sense."));
  
        if (null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
                status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
  }
  
  static int dry_run_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 -                        struct wt_status *s)
 +                        const struct commit *current_head, struct wt_status *s)
  {
        int commitable;
        const char *index_file;
  
 -      index_file = prepare_index(argc, argv, prefix, 1);
 +      index_file = prepare_index(argc, argv, prefix, current_head, 1);
        commitable = run_status(stdout, index_file, prefix, 0, s);
        rollback_index_files();
  
@@@ -1114,8 -954,6 +1114,8 @@@ static int parse_status_slot(const cha
  {
        if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "header"))
                return WT_STATUS_HEADER;
 +      if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "branch"))
 +              return WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH;
        if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "updated")
                || !strcasecmp(var+offset, "added"))
                return WT_STATUS_UPDATED;
@@@ -1142,7 -980,7 +1142,7 @@@ static int git_status_config(const cha
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(k, "status.color") || !strcmp(k, "color.status")) {
 -              s->use_color = git_config_colorbool(k, v, -1);
 +              s->use_color = git_config_colorbool(k, v);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!prefixcmp(k, "status.color.") || !prefixcmp(k, "color.status.")) {
                else if (!strcmp(v, "all"))
                        s->show_untracked_files = SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES;
                else
 -                      return error("Invalid untracked files mode '%s'", v);
 +                      return error(_("Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"), v);
                return 0;
        }
        return git_diff_ui_config(k, v, NULL);
  int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
  {
        struct wt_status s;
 +      int fd;
        unsigned char sha1[20];
        static struct option builtin_status_options[] = {
 -              OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
 +              OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
                OPT_SET_INT('s', "short", &status_format,
                            "show status concisely", STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
 +              OPT_BOOLEAN('b', "branch", &status_show_branch,
 +                          "show branch information"),
                OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
 -                          "show porcelain output format",
 +                          "machine-readable output",
                            STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
                OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &null_termination,
                            "terminate entries with NUL"),
                  "mode",
                  "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)",
                  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
 +              OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignored", &show_ignored_in_status,
 +                          "show ignored files"),
 +              { OPTION_STRING, 0, "ignore-submodules", &ignore_submodule_arg, "when",
 +                "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. (Default: all)",
 +                PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
                OPT_END(),
        };
  
 -      if (null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
 -              status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
 +      if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 +              usage_with_options(builtin_status_usage, builtin_status_options);
  
        wt_status_prepare(&s);
 +      gitmodules_config();
        git_config(git_status_config, &s);
 -      in_merge = file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
 +      determine_whence(&s);
        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
                             builtin_status_options,
                             builtin_status_usage, 0);
 -      handle_untracked_files_arg(&s);
  
 +      if (null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
 +              status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
 +
 +      handle_untracked_files_arg(&s);
 +      if (show_ignored_in_status)
 +              s.show_ignored_files = 1;
        if (*argv)
                s.pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
  
 -      read_cache();
 +      read_cache_preload(s.pathspec);
        refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 +
 +      fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
 +      if (0 <= fd)
 +              update_index_if_able(&the_index, &index_lock);
 +
        s.is_initial = get_sha1(s.reference, sha1) ? 1 : 0;
 -      s.in_merge = in_merge;
 +      s.ignore_submodule_arg = ignore_submodule_arg;
        wt_status_collect(&s);
  
        if (s.relative_paths)
                s.prefix = prefix;
 -      if (s.use_color == -1)
 -              s.use_color = git_use_color_default;
 -      if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
 -              diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;
  
        switch (status_format) {
        case STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT:
 -              wt_shortstatus_print(&s, null_termination);
 +              wt_shortstatus_print(&s, null_termination, status_show_branch);
                break;
        case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
                wt_porcelain_print(&s, null_termination);
                break;
        case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
                s.verbose = verbose;
 +              s.ignore_submodule_arg = ignore_submodule_arg;
                wt_status_print(&s);
                break;
        }
        return 0;
  }
  
 -static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1)
 +static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1,
 +                        int initial_commit)
  {
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct commit *commit;
  
        commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
        if (!commit)
 -              die("couldn't look up newly created commit");
 +              die(_("couldn't look up newly created commit"));
        if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
 -              die("could not parse newly created commit");
 +              die(_("could not parse newly created commit"));
  
        strbuf_addstr(&format, "format:%h] %s");
  
                strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &committer_ident);
                if (advice_implicit_identity) {
                        strbuf_addch(&format, '\n');
 -                      strbuf_addstr(&format, implicit_ident_advice);
 +                      strbuf_addstr(&format, _(implicit_ident_advice));
                }
        }
        strbuf_release(&author_ident);
        init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
        setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
  
 -      rev.abbrev = 0;
        rev.diff = 1;
        rev.diffopt.output_format =
                DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;
        get_commit_format(format.buf, &rev);
        rev.always_show_header = 0;
        rev.diffopt.detect_rename = 1;
 -      rev.diffopt.rename_limit = 100;
        rev.diffopt.break_opt = 0;
        diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
  
                !prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/") ?
                        head + 11 :
                        !strcmp(head, "HEAD") ?
 -                              "detached HEAD" :
 +                              _("detached HEAD") :
                                head,
 -              initial_commit ? " (root-commit)" : "");
 +              initial_commit ? _(" (root-commit)") : "");
  
        if (!log_tree_commit(&rev, commit)) {
 -              struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 -              struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 -              ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
 -              format_commit_message(commit, format.buf + 7, &buf, &ctx);
 -              printf("%s\n", buf.buf);
 -              strbuf_release(&buf);
 +              rev.always_show_header = 1;
 +              rev.use_terminator = 1;
 +              log_tree_commit(&rev, commit);
        }
 +
        strbuf_release(&format);
  }
  
@@@ -1335,129 -1160,84 +1335,129 @@@ static int git_commit_config(const cha
        return git_status_config(k, v, s);
  }
  
 +static const char post_rewrite_hook[] = "hooks/post-rewrite";
 +
 +static int run_rewrite_hook(const unsigned char *oldsha1,
 +                          const unsigned char *newsha1)
 +{
 +      /* oldsha1 SP newsha1 LF NUL */
 +      static char buf[2*40 + 3];
 +      struct child_process proc;
 +      const char *argv[3];
 +      int code;
 +      size_t n;
 +
 +      if (access(git_path(post_rewrite_hook), X_OK) < 0)
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      argv[0] = git_path(post_rewrite_hook);
 +      argv[1] = "amend";
 +      argv[2] = NULL;
 +
 +      memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
 +      proc.argv = argv;
 +      proc.in = -1;
 +      proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 +
 +      code = start_command(&proc);
 +      if (code)
 +              return code;
 +      n = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s %s\n",
 +                   sha1_to_hex(oldsha1), sha1_to_hex(newsha1));
 +      write_in_full(proc.in, buf, n);
 +      close(proc.in);
 +      return finish_command(&proc);
 +}
 +
  int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
  {
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      struct strbuf author_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *index_file, *reflog_msg;
        char *nl, *p;
 -      unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
 +      unsigned char sha1[20];
        struct ref_lock *ref_lock;
        struct commit_list *parents = NULL, **pptr = &parents;
        struct stat statbuf;
        int allow_fast_forward = 1;
        struct wt_status s;
 +      struct commit *current_head = NULL;
 +
 +      if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 +              usage_with_options(builtin_commit_usage, builtin_commit_options);
  
        wt_status_prepare(&s);
        git_config(git_commit_config, &s);
 -      in_merge = file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
 -      s.in_merge = in_merge;
 +      determine_whence(&s);
  
 -      if (s.use_color == -1)
 -              s.use_color = git_use_color_default;
 -      argc = parse_and_validate_options(argc, argv, builtin_commit_usage,
 -                                        prefix, &s);
 -      if (dry_run) {
 -              if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
 -                      diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;
 -              return dry_run_commit(argc, argv, prefix, &s);
 +      if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1))
 +              current_head = NULL;
 +      else {
 +              current_head = lookup_commit_or_die(sha1, "HEAD");
 +              if (!current_head || parse_commit(current_head))
 +                      die(_("could not parse HEAD commit"));
        }
 -      index_file = prepare_index(argc, argv, prefix, 0);
 +      argc = parse_and_validate_options(argc, argv, builtin_commit_usage,
 +                                        prefix, current_head, &s);
 +      if (dry_run)
 +              return dry_run_commit(argc, argv, prefix, current_head, &s);
 +      index_file = prepare_index(argc, argv, prefix, current_head, 0);
  
        /* Set up everything for writing the commit object.  This includes
           running hooks, writing the trees, and interacting with the user.  */
 -      if (!prepare_to_commit(index_file, prefix, &s)) {
 +      if (!prepare_to_commit(index_file, prefix,
 +                             current_head, &s, &author_ident)) {
                rollback_index_files();
                return 1;
        }
  
        /* Determine parents */
 -      if (initial_commit) {
 -              reflog_msg = "commit (initial)";
 +      reflog_msg = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
 +      if (!current_head) {
 +              if (!reflog_msg)
 +                      reflog_msg = "commit (initial)";
        } else if (amend) {
                struct commit_list *c;
 -              struct commit *commit;
 -
 -              reflog_msg = "commit (amend)";
 -              commit = lookup_commit(head_sha1);
 -              if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
 -                      die("could not parse HEAD commit");
  
 -              for (c = commit->parents; c; c = c->next)
 +              if (!reflog_msg)
 +                      reflog_msg = "commit (amend)";
 +              for (c = current_head->parents; c; c = c->next)
                        pptr = &commit_list_insert(c->item, pptr)->next;
 -      } else if (in_merge) {
 +      } else if (whence == FROM_MERGE) {
                struct strbuf m = STRBUF_INIT;
 +              struct commit *commit;
                FILE *fp;
  
 -              reflog_msg = "commit (merge)";
 -              pptr = &commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(head_sha1), pptr)->next;
 +              if (!reflog_msg)
 +                      reflog_msg = "commit (merge)";
 +              pptr = &commit_list_insert(current_head, pptr)->next;
                fp = fopen(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), "r");
                if (fp == NULL)
 -                      die_errno("could not open '%s' for reading",
 +                      die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"),
                                  git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
                while (strbuf_getline(&m, fp, '\n') != EOF) {
                        unsigned char sha1[20];
                        if (get_sha1_hex(m.buf, sha1) < 0)
 -                              die("Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)", m.buf);
 -                      pptr = &commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(sha1), pptr)->next;
 +                              die(_("Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"), m.buf);
 +                      commit = lookup_commit_or_die(sha1, "MERGE_HEAD");
 +                      pptr = &commit_list_insert(commit, pptr)->next;
                }
                fclose(fp);
                strbuf_release(&m);
                if (!stat(git_path("MERGE_MODE"), &statbuf)) {
                        if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("MERGE_MODE"), 0) < 0)
 -                              die_errno("could not read MERGE_MODE");
 +                              die_errno(_("could not read MERGE_MODE"));
                        if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "no-ff"))
                                allow_fast_forward = 0;
                }
                if (allow_fast_forward)
                        parents = reduce_heads(parents);
        } else {
 -              reflog_msg = "commit";
 -              pptr = &commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(head_sha1), pptr)->next;
 +              if (!reflog_msg)
 +                      reflog_msg = (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK)
 +                                      ? "commit (cherry-pick)"
 +                                      : "commit";
 +              pptr = &commit_list_insert(current_head, pptr)->next;
        }
  
        /* Finally, get the commit message */
        if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path(commit_editmsg), 0) < 0) {
                int saved_errno = errno;
                rollback_index_files();
 -              die("could not read commit message: %s", strerror(saved_errno));
 +              die(_("could not read commit message: %s"), strerror(saved_errno));
        }
  
        /* Truncate the message just before the diff, if any. */
  
        if (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE)
                stripspace(&sb, cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
 -      if (message_is_empty(&sb)) {
 +      if (message_is_empty(&sb) && !allow_empty_message) {
                rollback_index_files();
 -              fprintf(stderr, "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n");
 +              fprintf(stderr, _("Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"));
                exit(1);
        }
  
 -      if (commit_tree(sb.buf, active_cache_tree->sha1, parents, commit_sha1,
 -                      fmt_ident(author_name, author_email, author_date,
 -                              IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME))) {
 +      if (commit_tree(sb.buf, active_cache_tree->sha1, parents, sha1,
 +                      author_ident.buf)) {
                rollback_index_files();
 -              die("failed to write commit object");
 +              die(_("failed to write commit object"));
        }
 +      strbuf_release(&author_ident);
  
        ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD",
 -                                         initial_commit ? NULL : head_sha1,
 +                                         !current_head
 +                                         ? NULL
 +                                         : current_head->object.sha1,
                                           0);
  
        nl = strchr(sb.buf, '\n');
  
        if (!ref_lock) {
                rollback_index_files();
 -              die("cannot lock HEAD ref");
 +              die(_("cannot lock HEAD ref"));
        }
 -      if (write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, commit_sha1, sb.buf) < 0) {
 +      if (write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, sha1, sb.buf) < 0) {
                rollback_index_files();
 -              die("cannot update HEAD ref");
 +              die(_("cannot update HEAD ref"));
        }
  
 +      unlink(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"));
 +      unlink(git_path("REVERT_HEAD"));
        unlink(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
        unlink(git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
        unlink(git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
        unlink(git_path("SQUASH_MSG"));
  
        if (commit_index_files())
 -              die ("Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 +              die (_("Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
                     "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
 -                   "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover.");
 +                   "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."));
  
        rerere(0);
        run_hook(get_index_file(), "post-commit", NULL);
 +      if (amend && !no_post_rewrite) {
 +              struct notes_rewrite_cfg *cfg;
 +              cfg = init_copy_notes_for_rewrite("amend");
 +              if (cfg) {
 +                      /* we are amending, so current_head is not NULL */
 +                      copy_note_for_rewrite(cfg, current_head->object.sha1, sha1);
 +                      finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(cfg);
 +              }
 +              run_rewrite_hook(current_head->object.sha1, sha1);
 +      }
        if (!quiet)
 -              print_summary(prefix, commit_sha1);
 +              print_summary(prefix, sha1, !current_head);
  
        return 0;
  }
diff --combined builtin/merge.c
index 138737624807389ccb903a5cd03840d63b7cbf6f,c6e3e7fdaf92dc94925283ee5470588625c7df48..7d92e2064b97828ebd5209d97b1d49807149f212
@@@ -25,7 -25,6 +25,7 @@@
  #include "help.h"
  #include "merge-recursive.h"
  #include "resolve-undo.h"
 +#include "remote.h"
  
  #define DEFAULT_TWOHEAD (1<<0)
  #define DEFAULT_OCTOPUS (1<<1)
@@@ -38,30 -37,25 +38,30 @@@ struct strategy 
  };
  
  static const char * const builtin_merge_usage[] = {
 -      "git merge [options] <remote>...",
 -      "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <remote>",
 +      "git merge [options] [<commit>...]",
 +      "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>",
 +      "git merge --abort",
        NULL
  };
  
 -static int show_diffstat = 1, option_log, squash;
 +static int show_diffstat = 1, shortlog_len, squash;
  static int option_commit = 1, allow_fast_forward = 1;
 -static int fast_forward_only;
 +static int fast_forward_only, option_edit;
  static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message;
- static struct strbuf merge_msg;
+ static struct strbuf merge_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
  static struct commit_list *remoteheads;
 -static unsigned char head[20], stash[20];
  static struct strategy **use_strategies;
  static size_t use_strategies_nr, use_strategies_alloc;
  static const char **xopts;
  static size_t xopts_nr, xopts_alloc;
  static const char *branch;
 +static char *branch_mergeoptions;
 +static int option_renormalize;
  static int verbosity;
  static int allow_rerere_auto;
 +static int abort_current_merge;
 +static int show_progress = -1;
 +static int default_to_upstream;
  
  static struct strategy all_strategy[] = {
        { "recursive",  DEFAULT_TWOHEAD | NO_TRIVIAL },
@@@ -84,7 -78,7 +84,7 @@@ static int option_parse_message(const s
                strbuf_addf(buf, "%s%s", buf->len ? "\n\n" : "", arg);
                have_message = 1;
        } else
 -              return error("switch `m' requires a value");
 +              return error(_("switch `m' requires a value"));
        return 0;
  }
  
@@@ -121,13 -115,13 +121,13 @@@ static struct strategy *get_strategy(co
                exclude_cmds(&main_cmds, &not_strategies);
        }
        if (!is_in_cmdlist(&main_cmds, name) && !is_in_cmdlist(&other_cmds, name)) {
 -              fprintf(stderr, "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n", name);
 -              fprintf(stderr, "Available strategies are:");
 +              fprintf(stderr, _("Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"), name);
 +              fprintf(stderr, _("Available strategies are:"));
                for (i = 0; i < main_cmds.cnt; i++)
                        fprintf(stderr, " %s", main_cmds.names[i]->name);
                fprintf(stderr, ".\n");
                if (other_cmds.cnt) {
 -                      fprintf(stderr, "Available custom strategies are:");
 +                      fprintf(stderr, _("Available custom strategies are:"));
                        for (i = 0; i < other_cmds.cnt; i++)
                                fprintf(stderr, " %s", other_cmds.names[i]->name);
                        fprintf(stderr, ".\n");
  
        ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct strategy));
        ret->name = xstrdup(name);
 +      ret->attr = NO_TRIVIAL;
        return ret;
  }
  
@@@ -182,15 -175,12 +182,15 @@@ static struct option builtin_merge_opti
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
                "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, "(synonym to --stat)"),
 -      OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "log", &option_log,
 -              "add list of one-line log to merge commit message"),
 +      { OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, "n",
 +        "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message",
 +        PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "squash", &squash,
                "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "commit", &option_commit,
                "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"),
 +      OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &option_edit,
 +              "edit message before committing"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &allow_fast_forward,
                "allow fast-forward (default)"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff-only", &fast_forward_only,
        OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &xopts, "option=value",
                "option for selected merge strategy", option_parse_x),
        OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &merge_msg, "message",
 -              "message to be used for the merge commit (if any)",
 +              "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)",
                option_parse_message),
        OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
 +      OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &abort_current_merge,
 +              "abort the current in-progress merge"),
 +      OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &show_progress, "force progress reporting", 1),
        OPT_END()
  };
  
@@@ -218,7 -205,7 +218,7 @@@ static void drop_save(void
        unlink(git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
  }
  
 -static void save_state(void)
 +static int save_state(unsigned char *stash)
  {
        int len;
        struct child_process cp;
        cp.git_cmd = 1;
  
        if (start_command(&cp))
 -              die("could not run stash.");
 +              die(_("could not run stash."));
        len = strbuf_read(&buffer, cp.out, 1024);
        close(cp.out);
  
        if (finish_command(&cp) || len < 0)
 -              die("stash failed");
 -      else if (!len)
 -              return;
 +              die(_("stash failed"));
 +      else if (!len)          /* no changes */
 +              return -1;
        strbuf_setlen(&buffer, buffer.len-1);
        if (get_sha1(buffer.buf, stash))
 -              die("not a valid object: %s", buffer.buf);
 +              die(_("not a valid object: %s"), buffer.buf);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static void read_empty(unsigned const char *sha1, int verbose)
 +{
 +      int i = 0;
 +      const char *args[7];
 +
 +      args[i++] = "read-tree";
 +      if (verbose)
 +              args[i++] = "-v";
 +      args[i++] = "-m";
 +      args[i++] = "-u";
 +      args[i++] = EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX;
 +      args[i++] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
 +      args[i] = NULL;
 +
 +      if (run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 +              die(_("read-tree failed"));
  }
  
  static void reset_hard(unsigned const char *sha1, int verbose)
        args[i] = NULL;
  
        if (run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 -              die("read-tree failed");
 +              die(_("read-tree failed"));
  }
  
 -static void restore_state(void)
 +static void restore_state(const unsigned char *head,
 +                        const unsigned char *stash)
  {
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *args[] = { "stash", "apply", NULL, NULL };
  static void finish_up_to_date(const char *msg)
  {
        if (verbosity >= 0)
 -              printf("%s%s\n", squash ? " (nothing to squash)" : "", msg);
 +              printf("%s%s\n", squash ? _(" (nothing to squash)") : "", msg);
        drop_save();
  }
  
 -static void squash_message(void)
 +static void squash_message(struct commit *commit)
  {
        struct rev_info rev;
 -      struct commit *commit;
        struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct commit_list *j;
 +      const char *filename;
        int fd;
        struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
  
 -      printf("Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n");
 -      fd = open(git_path("SQUASH_MSG"), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
 +      printf(_("Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"));
 +      filename = git_path("SQUASH_MSG");
 +      fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
        if (fd < 0)
 -              die_errno("Could not write to '%s'", git_path("SQUASH_MSG"));
 +              die_errno(_("Could not write to '%s'"), filename);
  
        init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
        rev.ignore_merges = 1;
        rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM;
  
 -      commit = lookup_commit(head);
        commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
        add_pending_object(&rev, &commit->object, NULL);
  
  
        setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
        if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
 -              die("revision walk setup failed");
 +              die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
  
        ctx.abbrev = rev.abbrev;
        ctx.date_mode = rev.date_mode;
 +      ctx.fmt = rev.commit_format;
  
        strbuf_addstr(&out, "Squashed commit of the following:\n");
        while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) != NULL) {
                strbuf_addch(&out, '\n');
                strbuf_addf(&out, "commit %s\n",
                        sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 -              pretty_print_commit(rev.commit_format, commit, &out, &ctx);
 +              pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &out);
        }
        if (write(fd, out.buf, out.len) < 0)
 -              die_errno("Writing SQUASH_MSG");
 +              die_errno(_("Writing SQUASH_MSG"));
        if (close(fd))
 -              die_errno("Finishing SQUASH_MSG");
 +              die_errno(_("Finishing SQUASH_MSG"));
        strbuf_release(&out);
  }
  
 -static void finish(const unsigned char *new_head, const char *msg)
 +static void finish(struct commit *head_commit,
 +                 const unsigned char *new_head, const char *msg)
  {
        struct strbuf reflog_message = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      const unsigned char *head = head_commit->object.sha1;
  
        if (!msg)
                strbuf_addstr(&reflog_message, getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"));
                        getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"), msg);
        }
        if (squash) {
 -              squash_message();
 +              squash_message(head_commit);
        } else {
                if (verbosity >= 0 && !merge_msg.len)
 -                      printf("No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n");
 +                      printf(_("No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"));
                else {
                        const char *argv_gc_auto[] = { "gc", "--auto", NULL };
                        update_ref(reflog_message.buf, "HEAD",
                opts.output_format |=
                        DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
                opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
 -              if (diff_use_color_default > 0)
 -                      DIFF_OPT_SET(&opts, COLOR_DIFF);
                if (diff_setup_done(&opts) < 0)
 -                      die("diff_setup_done failed");
 +                      die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
                diff_tree_sha1(head, new_head, "", &opts);
                diffcore_std(&opts);
                diff_flush(&opts);
        strbuf_release(&reflog_message);
  }
  
 +static struct object *want_commit(const char *name)
 +{
 +      struct object *obj;
 +      unsigned char sha1[20];
 +      if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
 +              return NULL;
 +      obj = parse_object(sha1);
 +      return peel_to_type(name, 0, obj, OBJ_COMMIT);
 +}
 +
  /* Get the name for the merge commit's message. */
  static void merge_name(const char *remote, struct strbuf *msg)
  {
        remote = bname.buf;
  
        memset(branch_head, 0, sizeof(branch_head));
 -      remote_head = peel_to_type(remote, 0, NULL, OBJ_COMMIT);
 +      remote_head = want_commit(remote);
        if (!remote_head)
 -              die("'%s' does not point to a commit", remote);
 +              die(_("'%s' does not point to a commit"), remote);
  
        if (dwim_ref(remote, strlen(remote), branch_head, &found_ref) > 0) {
                if (!prefixcmp(found_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
                        goto cleanup;
                }
                if (!prefixcmp(found_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
 -                      strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tremote branch '%s' of .\n",
 +                      strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tremote-tracking branch '%s' of .\n",
                                    sha1_to_hex(branch_head), remote);
                        goto cleanup;
                }
                strbuf_addstr(&truname, "refs/heads/");
                strbuf_addstr(&truname, remote);
                strbuf_setlen(&truname, truname.len - len);
 -              if (resolve_ref(truname.buf, buf_sha, 0, NULL)) {
 +              if (resolve_ref(truname.buf, buf_sha, 1, NULL)) {
                        strbuf_addf(msg,
                                    "%s\t\tbranch '%s'%s of .\n",
                                    sha1_to_hex(remote_head->sha1),
  
        if (!strcmp(remote, "FETCH_HEAD") &&
                        !access(git_path("FETCH_HEAD"), R_OK)) {
 +              const char *filename;
                FILE *fp;
                struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
                char *ptr;
  
 -              fp = fopen(git_path("FETCH_HEAD"), "r");
 +              filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
 +              fp = fopen(filename, "r");
                if (!fp)
 -                      die_errno("could not open '%s' for reading",
 -                                git_path("FETCH_HEAD"));
 +                      die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"),
 +                                filename);
                strbuf_getline(&line, fp, '\n');
                fclose(fp);
                ptr = strstr(line.buf, "\tnot-for-merge\t");
@@@ -520,34 -474,25 +520,34 @@@ cleanup
        strbuf_release(&bname);
  }
  
 +static void parse_branch_merge_options(char *bmo)
 +{
 +      const char **argv;
 +      int argc;
 +
 +      if (!bmo)
 +              return;
 +      argc = split_cmdline(bmo, &argv);
 +      if (argc < 0)
 +              die(_("Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"), branch,
 +                  split_cmdline_strerror(argc));
 +      argv = xrealloc(argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 2));
 +      memmove(argv + 1, argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 1));
 +      argc++;
 +      argv[0] = "branch.*.mergeoptions";
 +      parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, builtin_merge_options,
 +                    builtin_merge_usage, 0);
 +      free(argv);
 +}
 +
  static int git_merge_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
  {
        if (branch && !prefixcmp(k, "branch.") &&
                !prefixcmp(k + 7, branch) &&
                !strcmp(k + 7 + strlen(branch), ".mergeoptions")) {
 -              const char **argv;
 -              int argc;
 -              char *buf;
 -
 -              buf = xstrdup(v);
 -              argc = split_cmdline(buf, &argv);
 -              if (argc < 0)
 -                      die("Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string", branch);
 -              argv = xrealloc(argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 2));
 -              memmove(argv + 1, argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 1));
 -              argc++;
 -              parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, builtin_merge_options,
 -                            builtin_merge_usage, 0);
 -              free(buf);
 +              free(branch_mergeoptions);
 +              branch_mergeoptions = xstrdup(v);
 +              return 0;
        }
  
        if (!strcmp(k, "merge.diffstat") || !strcmp(k, "merge.stat"))
                return git_config_string(&pull_twohead, k, v);
        else if (!strcmp(k, "pull.octopus"))
                return git_config_string(&pull_octopus, k, v);
 -      else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.log") || !strcmp(k, "merge.summary"))
 -              option_log = git_config_bool(k, v);
 +      else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.renormalize"))
 +              option_renormalize = git_config_bool(k, v);
 +      else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.log") || !strcmp(k, "merge.summary")) {
 +              int is_bool;
 +              shortlog_len = git_config_bool_or_int(k, v, &is_bool);
 +              if (!is_bool && shortlog_len < 0)
 +                      return error(_("%s: negative length %s"), k, v);
 +              if (is_bool && shortlog_len)
 +                      shortlog_len = DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN;
 +              return 0;
 +      } else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.ff")) {
 +              int boolval = git_config_maybe_bool(k, v);
 +              if (0 <= boolval) {
 +                      allow_fast_forward = boolval;
 +              } else if (v && !strcmp(v, "only")) {
 +                      allow_fast_forward = 1;
 +                      fast_forward_only = 1;
 +              } /* do not barf on values from future versions of git */
 +              return 0;
 +      } else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.defaulttoupstream")) {
 +              default_to_upstream = git_config_bool(k, v);
 +              return 0;
 +      }
        return git_diff_ui_config(k, v, cb);
  }
  
@@@ -621,65 -545,16 +621,65 @@@ static int read_tree_trivial(unsigned c
  static void write_tree_trivial(unsigned char *sha1)
  {
        if (write_cache_as_tree(sha1, 0, NULL))
 -              die("git write-tree failed to write a tree");
 +              die(_("git write-tree failed to write a tree"));
  }
  
 -static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
 -                            const char *head_arg)
 +static const char *merge_argument(struct commit *commit)
 +{
 +      if (commit)
 +              return sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1);
 +      else
 +              return EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX;
 +}
 +
 +int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
 +                    const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
 +                    const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes)
  {
        const char **args;
        int i = 0, x = 0, ret;
        struct commit_list *j;
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 +
 +      args = xmalloc((4 + xopts_nr + commit_list_count(common) +
 +                      commit_list_count(remotes)) * sizeof(char *));
 +      strbuf_addf(&buf, "merge-%s", strategy);
 +      args[i++] = buf.buf;
 +      for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
 +              char *s = xmalloc(strlen(xopts[x])+2+1);
 +              strcpy(s, "--");
 +              strcpy(s+2, xopts[x]);
 +              args[i++] = s;
 +      }
 +      for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
 +              args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
 +      args[i++] = "--";
 +      args[i++] = head_arg;
 +      for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
 +              args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
 +      args[i] = NULL;
 +      ret = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
 +      strbuf_release(&buf);
 +      i = 1;
 +      for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
 +              free((void *)args[i++]);
 +      for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
 +              free((void *)args[i++]);
 +      i += 2;
 +      for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
 +              free((void *)args[i++]);
 +      free(args);
 +      discard_cache();
 +      if (read_cache() < 0)
 +              die(_("failed to read the cache"));
 +      resolve_undo_clear();
 +
 +      return ret;
 +}
 +
 +static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
 +                            struct commit *head, const char *head_arg)
 +{
        int index_fd;
        struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
  
        if (active_cache_changed &&
                        (write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
                         commit_locked_index(lock)))
 -              return error("Unable to write index.");
 +              return error(_("Unable to write index."));
        rollback_lock_file(lock);
  
        if (!strcmp(strategy, "recursive") || !strcmp(strategy, "subtree")) {
 -              int clean;
 +              int clean, x;
                struct commit *result;
                struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
                int index_fd;
                struct commit_list *reversed = NULL;
                struct merge_options o;
 +              struct commit_list *j;
  
                if (remoteheads->next) {
 -                      error("Not handling anything other than two heads merge.");
 +                      error(_("Not handling anything other than two heads merge."));
                        return 2;
                }
  
                if (!strcmp(strategy, "subtree"))
                        o.subtree_shift = "";
  
 -              for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
 -                      if (!strcmp(xopts[x], "ours"))
 -                              o.recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_OURS;
 -                      else if (!strcmp(xopts[x], "theirs"))
 -                              o.recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_THEIRS;
 -                      else if (!strcmp(xopts[x], "subtree"))
 -                              o.subtree_shift = "";
 -                      else if (!prefixcmp(xopts[x], "subtree="))
 -                              o.subtree_shift = xopts[x]+8;
 -                      else
 -                              die("Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s", xopts[x]);
 -              }
 +              o.renormalize = option_renormalize;
 +              o.show_rename_progress =
 +                      show_progress == -1 ? isatty(2) : show_progress;
 +
 +              for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
 +                      if (parse_merge_opt(&o, xopts[x]))
 +                              die(_("Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"), xopts[x]);
  
                o.branch1 = head_arg;
                o.branch2 = remoteheads->item->util;
                        commit_list_insert(j->item, &reversed);
  
                index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
 -              clean = merge_recursive(&o, lookup_commit(head),
 +              clean = merge_recursive(&o, head,
                                remoteheads->item, reversed, &result);
                if (active_cache_changed &&
                                (write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
                                 commit_locked_index(lock)))
 -                      die ("unable to write %s", get_index_file());
 +                      die (_("unable to write %s"), get_index_file());
                rollback_lock_file(lock);
                return clean ? 0 : 1;
        } else {
 -              args = xmalloc((4 + xopts_nr + commit_list_count(common) +
 -                                      commit_list_count(remoteheads)) * sizeof(char *));
 -              strbuf_addf(&buf, "merge-%s", strategy);
 -              args[i++] = buf.buf;
 -              for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
 -                      char *s = xmalloc(strlen(xopts[x])+2+1);
 -                      strcpy(s, "--");
 -                      strcpy(s+2, xopts[x]);
 -                      args[i++] = s;
 -              }
 -              for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
 -                      args[i++] = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(j->item->object.sha1));
 -              args[i++] = "--";
 -              args[i++] = head_arg;
 -              for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
 -                      args[i++] = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(j->item->object.sha1));
 -              args[i] = NULL;
 -              ret = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
 -              strbuf_release(&buf);
 -              i = 1;
 -              for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
 -                      free((void *)args[i++]);
 -              for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
 -                      free((void *)args[i++]);
 -              i += 2;
 -              for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
 -                      free((void *)args[i++]);
 -              free(args);
 -              discard_cache();
 -              if (read_cache() < 0)
 -                      die("failed to read the cache");
 -              resolve_undo_clear();
 -              return ret;
 +              return try_merge_command(strategy, xopts_nr, xopts,
 +                                              common, head_arg, remoteheads);
        }
  }
  
@@@ -757,7 -667,7 +757,7 @@@ static int count_unmerged_entries(void
        return ret;
  }
  
 -static int checkout_fast_forward(unsigned char *head, unsigned char *remote)
 +int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *head, const unsigned char *remote)
  {
        struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
        struct unpack_trees_options opts;
        memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
        memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
        dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
 -      dir.exclude_per_dir = ".gitignore";
 +      setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
        opts.dir = &dir;
  
        opts.head_idx = 1;
        opts.verbose_update = 1;
        opts.merge = 1;
        opts.fn = twoway_merge;
 -      opts.msgs = get_porcelain_error_msgs();
 +      setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&opts, "merge");
  
        trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
        if (!trees[nr_trees++])
                return -1;
        if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
                commit_locked_index(lock_file))
 -              die("unable to write new index file");
 +              die(_("unable to write new index file"));
        return 0;
  }
  
@@@ -849,78 -759,24 +849,78 @@@ static void add_strategies(const char *
  
  }
  
 -static int merge_trivial(void)
 +static void write_merge_msg(struct strbuf *msg)
 +{
 +      const char *filename = git_path("MERGE_MSG");
 +      int fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
 +      if (fd < 0)
 +              die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"),
 +                        filename);
 +      if (write_in_full(fd, msg->buf, msg->len) != msg->len)
 +              die_errno(_("Could not write to '%s'"), filename);
 +      close(fd);
 +}
 +
 +static void read_merge_msg(struct strbuf *msg)
 +{
 +      const char *filename = git_path("MERGE_MSG");
 +      strbuf_reset(msg);
 +      if (strbuf_read_file(msg, filename, 0) < 0)
 +              die_errno(_("Could not read from '%s'"), filename);
 +}
 +
 +static void write_merge_state(void);
 +static void abort_commit(const char *err_msg)
 +{
 +      if (err_msg)
 +              error("%s", err_msg);
 +      fprintf(stderr,
 +              _("Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"));
 +      write_merge_state();
 +      exit(1);
 +}
 +
 +static void prepare_to_commit(void)
 +{
 +      struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      strbuf_addbuf(&msg, &merge_msg);
 +      strbuf_addch(&msg, '\n');
 +      write_merge_msg(&msg);
 +      run_hook(get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
 +               git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL, NULL);
 +      if (option_edit) {
 +              if (launch_editor(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), NULL, NULL))
 +                      abort_commit(NULL);
 +      }
 +      read_merge_msg(&msg);
 +      stripspace(&msg, option_edit);
 +      if (!msg.len)
 +              abort_commit(_("Empty commit message."));
 +      strbuf_release(&merge_msg);
 +      strbuf_addbuf(&merge_msg, &msg);
 +      strbuf_release(&msg);
 +}
 +
 +static int merge_trivial(struct commit *head)
  {
        unsigned char result_tree[20], result_commit[20];
        struct commit_list *parent = xmalloc(sizeof(*parent));
  
        write_tree_trivial(result_tree);
 -      printf("Wonderful.\n");
 -      parent->item = lookup_commit(head);
 +      printf(_("Wonderful.\n"));
 +      parent->item = head;
        parent->next = xmalloc(sizeof(*parent->next));
        parent->next->item = remoteheads->item;
        parent->next->next = NULL;
 +      prepare_to_commit();
        commit_tree(merge_msg.buf, result_tree, parent, result_commit, NULL);
 -      finish(result_commit, "In-index merge");
 +      finish(head, result_commit, "In-index merge");
        drop_save();
        return 0;
  }
  
 -static int finish_automerge(struct commit_list *common,
 +static int finish_automerge(struct commit *head,
 +                          struct commit_list *common,
                            unsigned char *result_tree,
                            const char *wt_strategy)
  {
        free_commit_list(common);
        if (allow_fast_forward) {
                parents = remoteheads;
 -              commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(head), &parents);
 +              commit_list_insert(head, &parents);
                parents = reduce_heads(parents);
        } else {
                struct commit_list **pptr = &parents;
  
 -              pptr = &commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(head),
 +              pptr = &commit_list_insert(head,
                                pptr)->next;
                for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
                        pptr = &commit_list_insert(j->item, pptr)->next;
        }
 -      free_commit_list(remoteheads);
        strbuf_addch(&merge_msg, '\n');
 +      prepare_to_commit();
 +      free_commit_list(remoteheads);
        commit_tree(merge_msg.buf, result_tree, parents, result_commit, NULL);
 -      strbuf_addf(&buf, "Merge made by %s.", wt_strategy);
 -      finish(result_commit, buf.buf);
 +      strbuf_addf(&buf, "Merge made by the '%s' strategy.", wt_strategy);
 +      finish(head, result_commit, buf.buf);
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        drop_save();
        return 0;
  }
  
 -static int suggest_conflicts(void)
 +static int suggest_conflicts(int renormalizing)
  {
 +      const char *filename;
        FILE *fp;
        int pos;
  
 -      fp = fopen(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "a");
 +      filename = git_path("MERGE_MSG");
 +      fp = fopen(filename, "a");
        if (!fp)
 -              die_errno("Could not open '%s' for writing",
 -                        git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
 +              die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
        fprintf(fp, "\nConflicts:\n");
        for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
                struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
        }
        fclose(fp);
        rerere(allow_rerere_auto);
 -      printf("Automatic merge failed; "
 -                      "fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n");
 +      printf(_("Automatic merge failed; "
 +                      "fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"));
        return 1;
  }
  
 -static struct commit *is_old_style_invocation(int argc, const char **argv)
 +static struct commit *is_old_style_invocation(int argc, const char **argv,
 +                                            const unsigned char *head)
  {
        struct commit *second_token = NULL;
        if (argc > 2) {
                        return NULL;
                second_token = lookup_commit_reference_gently(second_sha1, 0);
                if (!second_token)
 -                      die("'%s' is not a commit", argv[1]);
 +                      die(_("'%s' is not a commit"), argv[1]);
                if (hashcmp(second_token->object.sha1, head))
                        return NULL;
        }
@@@ -1022,158 -875,63 +1022,158 @@@ static int evaluate_result(void
        return cnt;
  }
  
 +/*
 + * Pretend as if the user told us to merge with the tracking
 + * branch we have for the upstream of the current branch
 + */
 +static int setup_with_upstream(const char ***argv)
 +{
 +      struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
 +      int i;
 +      const char **args;
 +
 +      if (!branch)
 +              die(_("No current branch."));
 +      if (!branch->remote)
 +              die(_("No remote for the current branch."));
 +      if (!branch->merge_nr)
 +              die(_("No default upstream defined for the current branch."));
 +
 +      args = xcalloc(branch->merge_nr + 1, sizeof(char *));
 +      for (i = 0; i < branch->merge_nr; i++) {
 +              if (!branch->merge[i]->dst)
 +                      die(_("No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"),
 +                          branch->merge[i]->src, branch->remote_name);
 +              args[i] = branch->merge[i]->dst;
 +      }
 +      args[i] = NULL;
 +      *argv = args;
 +      return i;
 +}
 +
 +static void write_merge_state(void)
 +{
 +      const char *filename;
 +      int fd;
 +      struct commit_list *j;
 +      struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 +
 +      for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
 +              strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n",
 +                      sha1_to_hex(j->item->object.sha1));
 +      filename = git_path("MERGE_HEAD");
 +      fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
 +      if (fd < 0)
 +              die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
 +      if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len)
 +              die_errno(_("Could not write to '%s'"), filename);
 +      close(fd);
 +      strbuf_addch(&merge_msg, '\n');
 +      write_merge_msg(&merge_msg);
 +
 +      filename = git_path("MERGE_MODE");
 +      fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
 +      if (fd < 0)
 +              die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
 +      strbuf_reset(&buf);
 +      if (!allow_fast_forward)
 +              strbuf_addf(&buf, "no-ff");
 +      if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len)
 +              die_errno(_("Could not write to '%s'"), filename);
 +      close(fd);
 +}
 +
  int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
  {
        unsigned char result_tree[20];
 +      unsigned char stash[20];
 +      unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 +      struct commit *head_commit;
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *head_arg;
 -      int flag, head_invalid = 0, i;
 +      int flag, i;
        int best_cnt = -1, merge_was_ok = 0, automerge_was_ok = 0;
        struct commit_list *common = NULL;
        const char *best_strategy = NULL, *wt_strategy = NULL;
        struct commit_list **remotes = &remoteheads;
  
 -      if (read_cache_unmerged()) {
 -              die_resolve_conflict("merge");
 -      }
 -      if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"))) {
 -              /*
 -               * There is no unmerged entry, don't advise 'git
 -               * add/rm <file>', just 'git commit'.
 -               */
 -              if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 -                      die("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 -                          "Please, commit your changes before you can merge.");
 -              else
 -                      die("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).");
 -      }
 +      if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 +              usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage, builtin_merge_options);
  
 -      resolve_undo_clear();
        /*
         * Check if we are _not_ on a detached HEAD, i.e. if there is a
         * current branch.
         */
 -      branch = resolve_ref("HEAD", head, 0, &flag);
 +      branch = resolve_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, &flag);
        if (branch && !prefixcmp(branch, "refs/heads/"))
                branch += 11;
 -      if (is_null_sha1(head))
 -              head_invalid = 1;
 +      if (!branch || is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
 +              head_commit = NULL;
 +      else
 +              head_commit = lookup_commit_or_die(head_sha1, "HEAD");
  
        git_config(git_merge_config, NULL);
  
 -      /* for color.ui */
 -      if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
 -              diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;
 -
 +      if (branch_mergeoptions)
 +              parse_branch_merge_options(branch_mergeoptions);
        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_merge_options,
                        builtin_merge_usage, 0);
 +
 +      if (verbosity < 0 && show_progress == -1)
 +              show_progress = 0;
 +
 +      if (abort_current_merge) {
 +              int nargc = 2;
 +              const char *nargv[] = {"reset", "--merge", NULL};
 +
 +              if (!file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD")))
 +                      die(_("There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."));
 +
 +              /* Invoke 'git reset --merge' */
 +              return cmd_reset(nargc, nargv, prefix);
 +      }
 +
 +      if (read_cache_unmerged())
 +              die_resolve_conflict("merge");
 +
 +      if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"))) {
 +              /*
 +               * There is no unmerged entry, don't advise 'git
 +               * add/rm <file>', just 'git commit'.
 +               */
 +              if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 +                      die(_("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 +                                "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."));
 +              else
 +                      die(_("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."));
 +      }
 +      if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"))) {
 +              if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 +                      die(_("You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 +                          "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."));
 +              else
 +                      die(_("You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."));
 +      }
 +      resolve_undo_clear();
 +
        if (verbosity < 0)
                show_diffstat = 0;
  
        if (squash) {
                if (!allow_fast_forward)
 -                      die("You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff.");
 +                      die(_("You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."));
                option_commit = 0;
        }
  
        if (!allow_fast_forward && fast_forward_only)
 -              die("You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only.");
 +              die(_("You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."));
  
 +      if (!abort_current_merge) {
 +              if (!argc && default_to_upstream)
 +                      argc = setup_with_upstream(&argv);
 +              else if (argc == 1 && !strcmp(argv[0], "-"))
 +                      argv[0] = "@{-1}";
 +      }
        if (!argc)
                usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage,
                        builtin_merge_options);
         * additional safety measure to check for it.
         */
  
 -      if (!have_message && is_old_style_invocation(argc, argv)) {
 +      if (!have_message && head_commit &&
 +          is_old_style_invocation(argc, argv, head_commit->object.sha1)) {
                strbuf_addstr(&merge_msg, argv[0]);
                head_arg = argv[1];
                argv += 2;
                argc -= 2;
 -      } else if (head_invalid) {
 +      } else if (!head_commit) {
                struct object *remote_head;
                /*
                 * If the merged head is a valid one there is no reason
                 * We do the same for "git pull".
                 */
                if (argc != 1)
 -                      die("Can merge only exactly one commit into "
 -                              "empty head");
 +                      die(_("Can merge only exactly one commit into "
 +                              "empty head"));
                if (squash)
 -                      die("Squash commit into empty head not supported yet");
 +                      die(_("Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"));
                if (!allow_fast_forward)
 -                      die("Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into "
 -                          "an empty head");
 -              remote_head = peel_to_type(argv[0], 0, NULL, OBJ_COMMIT);
 +                      die(_("Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into "
 +                          "an empty head"));
 +              remote_head = want_commit(argv[0]);
                if (!remote_head)
 -                      die("%s - not something we can merge", argv[0]);
 +                      die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[0]);
 +              read_empty(remote_head->sha1, 0);
                update_ref("initial pull", "HEAD", remote_head->sha1, NULL, 0,
                                DIE_ON_ERR);
 -              reset_hard(remote_head->sha1, 0);
                return 0;
        } else {
 -              struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 +              struct strbuf merge_names = STRBUF_INIT;
  
                /* We are invoked directly as the first-class UI. */
                head_arg = "HEAD";
                 * codepath so we discard the error in this
                 * loop.
                 */
 -              if (!have_message) {
 -                      for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
 -                              merge_name(argv[i], &msg);
 -                      fmt_merge_msg(option_log, &msg, &merge_msg);
 +              for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
 +                      merge_name(argv[i], &merge_names);
 +
 +              if (!have_message || shortlog_len) {
 +                      fmt_merge_msg(&merge_names, &merge_msg, !have_message,
 +                                    shortlog_len);
                        if (merge_msg.len)
 -                              strbuf_setlen(&merge_msg, merge_msg.len-1);
 +                              strbuf_setlen(&merge_msg, merge_msg.len - 1);
                }
        }
  
 -      if (head_invalid || !argc)
 +      if (!head_commit || !argc)
                usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage,
                        builtin_merge_options);
  
                struct object *o;
                struct commit *commit;
  
 -              o = peel_to_type(argv[i], 0, NULL, OBJ_COMMIT);
 +              o = want_commit(argv[i]);
                if (!o)
 -                      die("%s - not something we can merge", argv[i]);
 +                      die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[i]);
                commit = lookup_commit(o->sha1);
                commit->util = (void *)argv[i];
                remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
        }
  
        if (!remoteheads->next)
 -              common = get_merge_bases(lookup_commit(head),
 -                              remoteheads->item, 1);
 +              common = get_merge_bases(head_commit, remoteheads->item, 1);
        else {
                struct commit_list *list = remoteheads;
 -              commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(head), &list);
 +              commit_list_insert(head_commit, &list);
                common = get_octopus_merge_bases(list);
                free(list);
        }
  
 -      update_ref("updating ORIG_HEAD", "ORIG_HEAD", head, NULL, 0,
 -              DIE_ON_ERR);
 +      update_ref("updating ORIG_HEAD", "ORIG_HEAD", head_commit->object.sha1,
 +                 NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
  
        if (!common)
                ; /* No common ancestors found. We need a real merge. */
                return 0;
        } else if (allow_fast_forward && !remoteheads->next &&
                        !common->next &&
 -                      !hashcmp(common->item->object.sha1, head)) {
 +                      !hashcmp(common->item->object.sha1, head_commit->object.sha1)) {
                /* Again the most common case of merging one remote. */
                struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
                struct object *o;
                char hex[41];
  
 -              strcpy(hex, find_unique_abbrev(head, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 +              strcpy(hex, find_unique_abbrev(head_commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
  
                if (verbosity >= 0)
 -                      printf("Updating %s..%s\n",
 +                      printf(_("Updating %s..%s\n"),
                                hex,
                                find_unique_abbrev(remoteheads->item->object.sha1,
                                DEFAULT_ABBREV));
                if (have_message)
                        strbuf_addstr(&msg,
                                " (no commit created; -m option ignored)");
 -              o = peel_to_type(sha1_to_hex(remoteheads->item->object.sha1),
 -                      0, NULL, OBJ_COMMIT);
 +              o = want_commit(sha1_to_hex(remoteheads->item->object.sha1));
                if (!o)
                        return 1;
  
 -              if (checkout_fast_forward(head, remoteheads->item->object.sha1))
 +              if (checkout_fast_forward(head_commit->object.sha1, remoteheads->item->object.sha1))
                        return 1;
  
 -              finish(o->sha1, msg.buf);
 +              finish(head_commit, o->sha1, msg.buf);
                drop_save();
                return 0;
        } else if (!remoteheads->next && common->next)
                if (allow_trivial && !fast_forward_only) {
                        /* See if it is really trivial. */
                        git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
 -                      printf("Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n");
 +                      printf(_("Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"));
                        if (!read_tree_trivial(common->item->object.sha1,
 -                                      head, remoteheads->item->object.sha1))
 -                              return merge_trivial();
 -                      printf("Nope.\n");
 +                                      head_commit->object.sha1, remoteheads->item->object.sha1))
 +                              return merge_trivial(head_commit);
 +                      printf(_("Nope.\n"));
                }
        } else {
                /*
                         * merge_bases again, otherwise "git merge HEAD^
                         * HEAD^^" would be missed.
                         */
 -                      common_one = get_merge_bases(lookup_commit(head),
 -                              j->item, 1);
 +                      common_one = get_merge_bases(head_commit, j->item, 1);
                        if (hashcmp(common_one->item->object.sha1,
                                j->item->object.sha1)) {
                                up_to_date = 0;
        }
  
        if (fast_forward_only)
 -              die("Not possible to fast-forward, aborting.");
 +              die(_("Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."));
  
        /* We are going to make a new commit. */
        git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
         * sync with the head commit.  The strategies are responsible
         * to ensure this.
         */
 -      if (use_strategies_nr != 1) {
 -              /*
 -               * Stash away the local changes so that we can try more
 -               * than one.
 -               */
 -              save_state();
 -      } else {
 -              memcpy(stash, null_sha1, 20);
 -      }
 +      if (use_strategies_nr == 1 ||
 +          /*
 +           * Stash away the local changes so that we can try more than one.
 +           */
 +          save_state(stash))
 +              hashcpy(stash, null_sha1);
  
        for (i = 0; i < use_strategies_nr; i++) {
                int ret;
                if (i) {
 -                      printf("Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n");
 -                      restore_state();
 +                      printf(_("Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"));
 +                      restore_state(head_commit->object.sha1, stash);
                }
                if (use_strategies_nr != 1)
 -                      printf("Trying merge strategy %s...\n",
 +                      printf(_("Trying merge strategy %s...\n"),
                                use_strategies[i]->name);
                /*
                 * Remember which strategy left the state in the working
                wt_strategy = use_strategies[i]->name;
  
                ret = try_merge_strategy(use_strategies[i]->name,
 -                      common, head_arg);
 +                                       common, head_commit, head_arg);
                if (!option_commit && !ret) {
                        merge_was_ok = 1;
                        /*
         * auto resolved the merge cleanly.
         */
        if (automerge_was_ok)
 -              return finish_automerge(common, result_tree, wt_strategy);
 +              return finish_automerge(head_commit, common, result_tree,
 +                                      wt_strategy);
  
        /*
         * Pick the result from the best strategy and have the user fix
         * it up.
         */
        if (!best_strategy) {
 -              restore_state();
 +              restore_state(head_commit->object.sha1, stash);
                if (use_strategies_nr > 1)
                        fprintf(stderr,
 -                              "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n");
 +                              _("No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"));
                else
 -                      fprintf(stderr, "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n",
 +                      fprintf(stderr, _("Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"),
                                use_strategies[0]->name);
                return 2;
        } else if (best_strategy == wt_strategy)
                ; /* We already have its result in the working tree. */
        else {
 -              printf("Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n");
 -              restore_state();
 -              printf("Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n",
 +              printf(_("Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"));
 +              restore_state(head_commit->object.sha1, stash);
 +              printf(_("Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"),
                        best_strategy);
 -              try_merge_strategy(best_strategy, common, head_arg);
 +              try_merge_strategy(best_strategy, common, head_commit, head_arg);
        }
  
        if (squash)
 -              finish(NULL, NULL);
 -      else {
 -              int fd;
 -              struct commit_list *j;
 -
 -              for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
 -                      strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n",
 -                              sha1_to_hex(j->item->object.sha1));
 -              fd = open(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
 -              if (fd < 0)
 -                      die_errno("Could not open '%s' for writing",
 -                                git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
 -              if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len)
 -                      die_errno("Could not write to '%s'", git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
 -              close(fd);
 -              strbuf_addch(&merge_msg, '\n');
 -              fd = open(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
 -              if (fd < 0)
 -                      die_errno("Could not open '%s' for writing",
 -                                git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
 -              if (write_in_full(fd, merge_msg.buf, merge_msg.len) !=
 -                      merge_msg.len)
 -                      die_errno("Could not write to '%s'", git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
 -              close(fd);
 -              fd = open(git_path("MERGE_MODE"), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
 -              if (fd < 0)
 -                      die_errno("Could not open '%s' for writing",
 -                                git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
 -              strbuf_reset(&buf);
 -              if (!allow_fast_forward)
 -                      strbuf_addf(&buf, "no-ff");
 -              if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len)
 -                      die_errno("Could not write to '%s'", git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
 -              close(fd);
 -      }
 +              finish(head_commit, NULL, NULL);
 +      else
 +              write_merge_state();
  
        if (merge_was_ok) {
 -              fprintf(stderr, "Automatic merge went well; "
 -                      "stopped before committing as requested\n");
 +              fprintf(stderr, _("Automatic merge went well; "
 +                      "stopped before committing as requested\n"));
                return 0;
        } else
 -              return suggest_conflicts();
 +              return suggest_conflicts(option_renormalize);
  }