X-Git-Url: https://git.tokkee.org/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=share%2Ftutorials%2Ftutorial-shapes.svg;h=6baa0b7388cb6e1986b28c627c750940f14f381f;hb=3266678238e05b3512e7da3a76c84f5ce4c93938;hp=bbcfdbed09fb08801669eec0bc830bd95164ab7f;hpb=6b15695578f07a3f72c4c9475c1a261a3021472a;p=inkscape.git diff --git a/share/tutorials/tutorial-shapes.svg b/share/tutorials/tutorial-shapes.svg index bbcfdbed0..6baa0b738 100644 --- a/share/tutorials/tutorial-shapes.svg +++ b/share/tutorials/tutorial-shapes.svg @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ - + - - - + @@ -12,17 +10,17 @@ - - - image/svg+xml - + + + image/svg+xml + - + @@ -43,6 +41,8 @@ + Use Ctrl+down arrow to scroll + ::SHAPES @@ -443,62 +443,62 @@ arc/segment handle shortcuts: -The snap angle can be changed in Inkscape Preferences (the Steps tab). +The snap angle can be changed in Inkscape Preferences (the Steps tab). -The other two handles of the ellipse are used for resizing it around its center. Their +The other two handles of the ellipse are used for resizing it around its center. Their shortcuts are similar to those of the rounding handles of a rectangle: -Drag with Ctrl to make a circle (make the other radius the same). +Drag with Ctrl to make a circle (make the other radius the same). -Ctrl+click to make a circle without dragging. +Ctrl+click to make a circle without dragging. -And, like the rectangle resize handles, these ellipse handles adjust the height and +And, like the rectangle resize handles, these ellipse handles adjust the height and width of the ellipse in the ellipse's own coordinates. This means that a rotated or skewed ellipse can easily be stretched or squeezed along its original axes while remaining rotated or skewed. Try to resize any of these ellipses by their resize handles: - + -Stars -Stars are the most complex and the most exciting Inkscape shape. If you want to wow your +Stars +Stars are the most complex and the most exciting Inkscape shape. If you want to wow your friends by Inkscape, let them play with the Star tool. It's endlessly entertaining — outright addictive! -The Star tool can create two similar but distinct kinds of objects: stars and +The Star tool can create two similar but distinct kinds of objects: stars and polygons. A star has two handles whose positions define the length and shape of its tips; a polygon has just one handle which simply rotates and resizes the polygon when dragged: -StarPolygon +StarPolygon -In the Controls bar of the Star tool, first comes a checkbox to turn a star into the +In the Controls bar of the Star tool, first comes a checkbox to turn a star into the corresponding polygon and back. Next, a numeric field sets the number of vertices of a star or polygon. This parameter is only editable via the Controls bar. The allowed range is from 3 (obviously) to 1024, but you shouldn't try large numbers (say, over 200) if your computer is slow. -When drawing a new star or polygon, +When drawing a new star or polygon, -Drag with Ctrl to snap the angle to 15 degree increments. +Drag with Ctrl to snap the angle to 15 degree increments. -Naturally, a star is a much more interesting shape (though polygons are often more +Naturally, a star is a much more interesting shape (though polygons are often more useful in practice). The two handles of a star have slightly different functions. The first handle (initially it is on a vertex, i.e. on a convex corner of the star) makes the star rays longer or shorter, but when you rotate it (relative to @@ -506,32 +506,32 @@ the center of the shape), the other handle rotates accordingly. This means you skew the star's rays with this handle. -The other handle (initially in a concave corner between two +The other handle (initially in a concave corner between two vertices) is, conversely, free to move both radially and tangentially, without affecting the vertex handle. (In fact, this handle can itself become vertex by moving farther from the center than the other handle.) This is the handle that can skew the star's tips to get all sorts of crystals, mandalas, snowflakes, and porcupines: - + -If you want just a plain regular star without any such lacework, you +If you want just a plain regular star without any such lacework, you can make the skewing handle behave as the non-skewing one: -Drag with Ctrl to keep the star rays strictly radial (no skew). +Drag with Ctrl to keep the star rays strictly radial (no skew). -Ctrl+click to remove the skew without dragging. +Ctrl+click to remove the skew without dragging. -As a useful complement for the on-canvas handle dragging, the Controls bar has the +As a useful complement for the on-canvas handle dragging, the Controls bar has the Spoke ratio field which defines the ratio of the two handles' distances to the center. -Inkscape stars have two more tricks in their bag. In geometry, a polygon is a shape with +Inkscape stars have two more tricks in their bag. In geometry, a polygon is a shape with straight line edges and sharp corners. In the real world, however, various degrees of curvilinearity and roundedness are normally present — and Inkscape can do that too. Rounding a star or polygon works a bit differently from rounding a rectangle, @@ -539,25 +539,25 @@ however. You don't use a dedicated handle for this, but -Shift+drag a handle tangentially to round the star or polygon. +Shift+drag a handle tangentially to round the star or polygon. -Shift+click a handle to remove rounding. +Shift+click a handle to remove rounding. -"Tangentially" means in a direction perpendicular to the direction to the center. If you +"Tangentially" means in a direction perpendicular to the direction to the center. If you "rotate" a handle with Shift counterclockwise around the center, you get positive roundedness; with clockwise rotation, you get negative roundedness. (See below for examples of negative roundedness.) -Here's a comparison of a rounded square (Rectangle tool) with a rounded 4-sided polygon +Here's a comparison of a rounded square (Rectangle tool) with a rounded 4-sided polygon (Star tool): -RoundedpolygonRoundedrectangle +RoundedpolygonRoundedrectangle -As you can see, while a rounded rectangle has straight line segments in its sides and +As you can see, while a rounded rectangle has straight line segments in its sides and circular (generally, elliptic) roundings, a rounded polygon or star has no straight lines at all; its curvature varies smoothly from the maximum (in the corners) to the minimum (mid-way between the corners). Inkscape does this simply by adding collinear @@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ Bezier tangents to each node of the shape (you can see them if you convert the s path and examine it in Node tool). -The Rounded parameter which you can adjust in the Controls bar is the +The Rounded parameter which you can adjust in the Controls bar is the ratio of the length of these tangents to the length of the polygon/star sides to which they are adjacent. This parameter can be negative, which reverses the direction of tangents. The values of about 0.2 to 0.4 give "normal" rounding of the kind you would @@ -574,20 +574,20 @@ patterns. A star with a large roundedness value may reach far beyond the positio its handles. Here are a few examples, each indicating its roundedness value: -0.250.250.250.370.433.00-3.000.415.431.850.21-3.00-0.43-8.940.39 +0.250.250.250.370.433.00-3.000.415.431.850.21-3.00-0.43-8.940.39 -If you want the tips of a star to be sharp but the concaves smooth or vice versa, this +If you want the tips of a star to be sharp but the concaves smooth or vice versa, this is easy to do by creating an offset (Ctrl+J) from the star: -Original starLinked offset, insetLinked offset, outset +Original starLinked offset, insetLinked offset, outset -Shift+dragging star handles in Inkscape is one of the finest pursuits +Shift+dragging star handles in Inkscape is one of the finest pursuits known to man. But it can get better still. -To closer imitate real world shapes, Inkscape can randomize (i.e. +To closer imitate real world shapes, Inkscape can randomize (i.e. randomly distort) its stars and polygons. Slight randomization makes a star less regular, more humane, often funny; strong randomization is an exciting way to obtain a variety of crazily unpredictable shapes. A rounded star remains smoothly rounded when @@ -595,13 +595,13 @@ randomized. Here are the shortcuts: -Alt+drag a handle tangentially to randomize the star or polygon. +Alt+drag a handle tangentially to randomize the star or polygon. -Alt+click a handle to remove randomization. +Alt+click a handle to remove randomization. -As you draw or handle-drag-edit a randomized star, it will "tremble" because each unique +As you draw or handle-drag-edit a randomized star, it will "tremble" because each unique position of its handles corresponds to its own unique randomization. So, moving a handle without Alt re-randomizes the shape at the same randomization level, while Alt-dragging it keeps the same randomization but adjusts its level. Here are stars whose parameters @@ -609,79 +609,79 @@ are exactly the same, but each one is re-randomized by very slightly moving its (randomization level is 0.1 throughout): - + -And here is the middle star from the previous row, with the randomization level varying +And here is the middle star from the previous row, with the randomization level varying from -0.2 to 0.2: -+0.2+0.10-0.1-0.2 ++0.2+0.10-0.1-0.2 -Alt+drag a handle of the middle star in this row and observe as it +Alt+drag a handle of the middle star in this row and observe as it morphs into its neighbors on the right and left — and beyond. -You will probably find your own applications for randomized stars, but I am especially +You will probably find your own applications for randomized stars, but I am especially fond of rounded amoeba-like blotches and large roughened planets with fantastic landscapes: - + -Spirals -Inkscape's spiral is a versatile shape, and though not as immersing as the star, +Spirals +Inkscape's spiral is a versatile shape, and though not as immersing as the star, it is sometimes very useful. A spiral, like a star, is drawn from the center; while drawing as well as while editing, -Ctrl+drag to snap angle to 15 degree increments. +Ctrl+drag to snap angle to 15 degree increments. -Once drawn, a spiral has two handles at its inner and outer ends. Both handles, when +Once drawn, a spiral has two handles at its inner and outer ends. Both handles, when simply dragged, roll or unroll the spiral (i.e. "continue" it, changing the number of turns). Other shortcuts: -Outer handle: +Outer handle: -Shift+drag to scale/rotate around center (no rolling/unrolling). +Shift+drag to scale/rotate around center (no rolling/unrolling). -Alt+drag to lock radius while rolling/unrolling. +Alt+drag to lock radius while rolling/unrolling. -Inner handle: +Inner handle: -Alt+drag vertically to converge/diverge. +Alt+drag vertically to converge/diverge. -Alt+click to reset divergence. +Alt+click to reset divergence. -Shift+click to move the inner handle to the center. +Shift+click to move the inner handle to the center. -The divergence of a spiral is the measure of nonlinearity of its +The divergence of a spiral is the measure of nonlinearity of its winds. When it is equal to 1, the spiral is uniform; when it is less than 1 (Alt+drag upwards), the spiral is denser on the periphery; when it is greater than 1 (Alt+drag downwards), the spiral is denser towards the center: -0.20.5621 +0.20.5621 -The maximum number of spiral turns is 1024. +The maximum number of spiral turns is 1024. -Just as the Ellipse tool is good not only for ellipses but also for arcs (lines of +Just as the Ellipse tool is good not only for ellipses but also for arcs (lines of constant curvature), the Spiral tool is useful for making curves of smoothly varying curvature. Compared to a plain Bezier curve, an arc or a spiral is often more convenient because you can make it shorter or longer by dragging a handle @@ -689,20 +689,20 @@ along the curve without affecting its shape. Also, while a spiral is normally dr without fill, you can add fill and remove stroke for interesting effects. - + -Especially interesting are spirals with dotted stroke — they combine the smooth +Especially interesting are spirals with dotted stroke — they combine the smooth concentration of the shape with regular equispaced marks (dots or dashes) for beautiful moire effects: - + -Conclusion -Inkscape's shape tools are very powerful. Learn their tricks and play with them at your +Conclusion +Inkscape's shape tools are very powerful. Learn their tricks and play with them at your leisure — this will pay off when you do your design work, because using shapes instead of simple paths often makes vector art faster to create and easier to modify. If you have any ideas for further shape improvements, please contact the developers. @@ -710,14 +710,12 @@ you have any ideas for further shape improvements, please contact the developers - + - - - + - + @@ -733,10 +731,10 @@ you have any ideas for further shape improvements, please contact the developers - - - image/svg+xml - + + + image/svg+xml + @@ -763,4 +761,6 @@ you have any ideas for further shape improvements, please contact the developers + Use Ctrl+up arrow to scroll + \ No newline at end of file