index 6ecb089c5cc4cf8dcaa8005c0ee6e4208bced346..214673db06914c49c25038c4c70ac76c90dbeff5 100644 (file)
A short git tutorial
====================
-v0.99.5, Aug 2005
Introduction
------------
git-cat-file -t 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238
where the `-t` tells `git-cat-file` to tell you what the "type" of the
-object is. Git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (ie just a
+object is. git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (ie just a
regular file), and you can see the contents with
git-cat-file "blob" 557db03
This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that git simply
never knows (or cares) about files that it is not told about
-explicitly. Git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
+explicitly. git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
expects you to tell it what the files are, and that's what the index
is there for.
================
(again, `-p` means to show the difference as a human-readable patch),
and it will show what the last commit (in `HEAD`) actually changed.
+[NOTE]
+============
+Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how
+various diff-\* commands compare things.
+
+ diff-tree
+ +----+
+ | |
+ | |
+ V V
+ +-----------+
+ | Object DB |
+ | Backing |
+ | Store |
+ +-----------+
+ ^ ^
+ | |
+ | | diff-index --cached
+ | |
+ diff-index | V
+ | +-----------+
+ | | Index |
+ | | "cache" |
+ | +-----------+
+ | ^
+ | |
+ | | diff-files
+ | |
+ V V
+ +-----------+
+ | Working |
+ | Directory |
+ +-----------+
+============
+
More interestingly, you can also give `git-diff-tree` the `-v` flag, which
tells it to also show the commit message and author and date of the
commit, and you can tell it to show a whole series of diffs.
Copying repositories
--------------------
-Git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient, and it's worth noting
+git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient, and it's worth noting
that unlike CVS, for example, there is no separate notion of
"repository" and "working tree". A git repository normally *is* the
working tree, with the local git information hidden in the `.git`
both ends on the local machine instead of running other end on
the remote machine via `ssh`.
-GIT Native::
+git Native::
`git://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/`
+
This transport was designed for anonymous downloading. Like SSH
sometimes also called 'commit walkers'.
+
The 'commit walkers' are sometimes also called 'dumb
-transports', because they do not require any GIT aware smart
-server like GIT Native transport does. Any stock HTTP server
+transports', because they do not require any git aware smart
+server like git Native transport does. Any stock HTTP server
would suffice.
+
There are (confusingly enough) `git-ssh-fetch` and `git-ssh-upload`
programs, which are 'commit walkers'; they outlived their
-usefulness when GIT Native and SSH transports were introduced,
+usefulness when git Native and SSH transports were introduced,
and not used by `git pull` or `git push` scripts.
Once you fetch from the remote repository, you `resolve` that
[NOTE]
You could even pull from your own repository by
-giving '.' as <remote-repository> parameter to `git pull`.
+giving '.' as <remote-repository> parameter to `git pull`. This
+is useful when you want to merge a local branch (or more, if you
+are making an Octopus) into the current branch.
It is likely that you will be pulling from the same remote
repository from time to time. As a short hand, you can store
on the remote machine. The communication between the two over
the network internally uses an SSH connection.
-Your private repository's GIT directory is usually `.git`, but
+Your private repository's git directory is usually `.git`, but
your public repository is often named after the project name,
i.e. `<project>.git`. Let's create such a public repository for
project `my-git`. After logging into the remote machine, create
mkdir my-git.git
------------
-Then, make that directory into a GIT repository by running
+Then, make that directory into a git repository by running
`git init-db`, but this time, since its name is not the usual
`.git`, we do things slightly differently: