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index 564586b943f439cb5ae04c4e76bc19d093c625da..15aebc60623d97053aa14f3e6463d12eb8f60f26 100644 (file)
precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the
path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the
work tree (the further the directory that contains `.gitattributes`
-is from the path in question, the lower its precedence).
+is from the path in question, the lower its precedence). Finally
+global and system-wide files are considered (they have the lowest
+precedence).
If you wish to affect only a single repository (i.e., to assign
-attributes to files that are particular to one user's workflow), then
+attributes to files that are particular to
+one user's workflow for that repository), then
attributes should be placed in the `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file.
Attributes which should be version-controlled and distributed to other
repositories (i.e., attributes of interest to all users) should go into
-`.gitattributes` files.
+`.gitattributes` files. Attributes that should affect all repositories
+for a single user should be placed in a file specified by the
+`core.attributesfile` configuration option (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+Attributes for all users on a system should be placed in the
+`$(prefix)/etc/gitattributes` file.
Sometimes you would need to override an setting of an attribute
for a path to `unspecified` state. This can be done by listing
smudge = cat
------------------------
+For best results, `clean` should not alter its output further if it is
+run twice ("clean->clean" should be equivalent to "clean"), and
+multiple `smudge` commands should not alter `clean`'s output
+("smudge->smudge->clean" should be equivalent to "clean"). See the
+section on merging below.
+
+The "indent" filter is well-behaved in this regard: it will not modify
+input that is already correctly indented. In this case, the lack of a
+smudge filter means that the clean filter _must_ accept its own output
+without modifying it.
+
+Sequence "%f" on the filter command line is replaced with the name of
+the file the filter is working on. A filter might use this in keyword
+substitution. For example:
+
+------------------------
+[filter "p4"]
+ clean = git-p4-filter --clean %f
+ smudge = git-p4-filter --smudge %f
+------------------------
+
Interaction between checkin/checkout attributes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
with `text`, and then `ident` and fed to `filter`.
+Merging branches with differing checkin/checkout attributes
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If you have added attributes to a file that cause the canonical
+repository format for that file to change, such as adding a
+clean/smudge filter or text/eol/ident attributes, merging anything
+where the attribute is not in place would normally cause merge
+conflicts.
+
+To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, git can be told to run a
+virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages of a file when
+resolving a three-way merge by setting the `merge.renormalize`
+configuration variable. This prevents changes caused by check-in
+conversion from causing spurious merge conflicts when a converted file
+is merged with an unconverted file.
+
+As long as a "smudge->clean" results in the same output as a "clean"
+even on files that are already smudged, this strategy will
+automatically resolve all filter-related conflicts. Filters that do
+not act in this way may cause additional merge conflicts that must be
+resolved manually.
+
+
Generating diff text
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- `cpp` suitable for source code in the C and C++ languages.
+- `csharp` suitable for source code in the C# language.
+
+- `fortran` suitable for source code in the Fortran language.
+
- `html` suitable for HTML/XHTML documents.
- `java` suitable for source code in the Java language.
- `pascal` suitable for source code in the Pascal/Delphi language.
+- `perl` suitable for source code in the Perl language.
+
- `php` suitable for source code in the PHP language.
- `python` suitable for source code in the Python language.
manually with `git update-ref -d refs/notes/textconv/jpg` (where
"jpg" is the name of the diff driver, as in the example above).
+Marking files as binary
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Git usually guesses correctly whether a blob contains text or binary
+data by examining the beginning of the contents. However, sometimes you
+may want to override its decision, either because a blob contains binary
+data later in the file, or because the content, while technically
+composed of text characters, is opaque to a human reader. For example,
+many postscript files contain only ascii characters, but produce noisy
+and meaningless diffs.
+
+The simplest way to mark a file as binary is to unset the diff
+attribute in the `.gitattributes` file:
+
+------------------------
+*.ps -diff
+------------------------
+
+This will cause git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary
+patch, if binary patches are enabled) instead of a regular diff.
+
+However, one may also want to specify other diff driver attributes. For
+example, you might want to use `textconv` to convert postscript files to
+an ascii representation for human viewing, but otherwise treat them as
+binary files. You cannot specify both `-diff` and `diff=ps` attributes.
+The solution is to use the `diff.*.binary` config option:
+
+------------------------
+[diff "ps"]
+ textconv = ps2ascii
+ binary = true
+------------------------
+
Performing a three-way merge
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
`merge`
^^^^^^^
-The attribute `merge` affects how three versions of a file is
+The attribute `merge` affects how three versions of a file are
merged when a file-level merge is necessary during `git merge`,
and other commands such as `git revert` and `git cherry-pick`.
Take the version from the current branch as the
tentative merge result, and declare that the merge has
- conflicts. This is suitable for binary files that does
+ conflicts. This is suitable for binary files that do
not have a well-defined merge semantics.
Unspecified::
By default, this uses the same built-in 3-way merge
- driver as is the case the `merge` attribute is set.
- However, `merge.default` configuration variable can name
- different merge driver to be used for paths to which the
+ driver as is the case when the `merge` attribute is set.
+ However, the `merge.default` configuration variable can name
+ different merge driver to be used with paths for which the
`merge` attribute is unspecified.
String::
Set::
Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git.
+ The tab width is taken from the value of the `core.whitespace`
+ configuration variable.
Unset::
Unspecified::
- Use the value of `core.whitespace` configuration variable to
+ Use the value of the `core.whitespace` configuration variable to
decide what to notice as error.
String::
Specify a comma separate list of common whitespace problems to
- notice in the same format as `core.whitespace` configuration
+ notice in the same format as the `core.whitespace` configuration
variable.