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index 60d53391d263e890ba1fa9183b46a72d090a5749..4e7e5a719a4b0447159213466d46aa2360b7408e 100644 (file)
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git-push' [--all] [--dry-run] [--tags] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
- [--repo=all] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose] [<repository> <refspec>...]
+'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
+ [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose]
+ [<repository> <refspec>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
-------
<repository>::
The "remote" repository that is destination of a push
- operation. See the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below.
-
-<refspec>::
- The canonical format of a <refspec> parameter is
- `+?<src>:<dst>`; that is, an optional plus `{plus}`, followed
- by the source ref, followed by a colon `:`, followed by
- the destination ref.
+ operation. This parameter can be either a URL
+ (see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name
+ of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
+
+<refspec>...::
+ The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
+ `{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
+ by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
+ It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref
+ in the remote repository is to be updated.
+
-The <src> side represents the source branch (or arbitrary
-"SHA1 expression", such as `master~4` (four parents before the
-tip of `master` branch); see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]) that you
-want to push. The <dst> side represents the destination location.
+The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
+it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
+`HEAD` (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]).
+
-The local ref that matches <src> is used
-to fast forward the remote ref that matches <dst> (or, if no <dst> was
-specified, the same ref that <src> referred to locally). If
-the optional leading plus `+` is used, the remote ref is updated
-even if it does not result in a fast forward update.
+The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
+push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must
+be named. If `:`<dst> is omitted, the same ref as <src> will be
+updated.
+
-`tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
+The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
+on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
+update can fast forward <dst>. By having the optional leading `{plus}`,
+you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a
+fast forward. This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See
+EXAMPLES below for details.
+
-A parameter <ref> without a colon pushes the <ref> from the source
-repository to the destination repository under the same name.
+`tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
+
Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from
the remote repository.
+
-The special refspec `:` (or `+:` to allow non-fast forward updates)
-directs git to push "matching" heads: for every head that exists on
-the local side, the remote side is updated if a head of the same name
+The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast forward updates)
+directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
+the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode
if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line
nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
--mirror::
Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
- refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/` and `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/`
+ refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` (which includes but is not
+ limited to `refs/heads/`, `refs/remotes/`, and `refs/tags/`)
be mirrored to the remote repository. Newly created local
refs will be pushed to the remote end, locally updated refs
will be force updated on the remote end, and deleted refs
line.
--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
+--exec=<git-receive-pack>::
Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote
end. Sometimes useful when pushing to a remote
repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
a directory on the default $PATH.
---exec=<git-receive-pack>::
- Same as \--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>.
-
-f::
--force::
Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is
This flag disables the check. This can cause the
remote repository to lose commits; use it with care.
---repo=<repo>::
- When no repository is specified the command defaults to
- "origin"; this overrides it.
+--repo=<repository>::
+ This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is
+ passed in the invocation. In this case, 'git-push' derives the
+ remote name from the current branch: If it tracks a remote
+ branch, then that remote repository is pushed to. Otherwise,
+ the name "origin" is used. For this latter case, this option
+ can be used to override the name "origin". In other words,
+ the difference between these two commands
++
+--------------------------
+git push public #1
+git push --repo=public #2
+--------------------------
++
+is that #1 always pushes to "public" whereas #2 pushes to "public"
+only if the current branch does not track a remote branch. This is
+useful if you write an alias or script around 'git-push'.
--thin::
--no-thin::
- These options are passed to `git-send-pack`. Thin
+ These options are passed to 'git-send-pack'. Thin
transfer spends extra cycles to minimize the number of
objects to be sent and meant to be used on slower connection.
with it. If `master` did not exist remotely, it would be
created.
-git push origin :experimental::
- Find a ref that matches `experimental` in the `origin` repository
- (e.g. `refs/heads/experimental`), and delete it.
+git push origin HEAD::
+ A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the
+ remote.
-git push origin master:satellite/master::
- Find a ref that matches `master` in the source repository
- (most likely, it would find `refs/heads/master`), and update
- the ref that matches `satellite/master` (most likely, it would
- be `refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in `origin` repository with it.
+git push origin master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev::
+ Use the source ref that matches `master` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
+ to update the ref that matches `satellite/master` (most probably
+ `refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in the `origin` repository, then
+ do the same for `dev` and `satellite/dev`.
+
+git push origin HEAD:master::
+ Push the current branch to the remote ref matching `master` in the
+ `origin` repository. This form is convenient to push the current
+ branch without thinking about its local name.
git push origin master:refs/heads/experimental::
Create the branch `experimental` in the `origin` repository
the local name and the remote name are different; otherwise,
the ref name on its own will work.
+git push origin :experimental::
+ Find a ref that matches `experimental` in the `origin` repository
+ (e.g. `refs/heads/experimental`), and delete it.
+
+git push origin {plus}dev:master::
+ Update the origin repository's master branch with the dev branch,
+ allowing non-fast forward updates. *This can leave unreferenced
+ commits dangling in the origin repository.* Consider the
+ following situation, where a fast forward is not possible:
++
+----
+ o---o---o---A---B origin/master
+ \
+ X---Y---Z dev
+----
++
+The above command would change the origin repository to
++
+----
+ A---B (unnamed branch)
+ /
+ o---o---o---X---Y---Z master
+----
++
+Commits A and B would no longer belong to a branch with a symbolic name,
+and so would be unreachable. As such, these commits would be removed by
+a `git gc` command on the origin repository.
+
+
Author
------
Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, later rewritten in C