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index 4fb6f4143cd849fc81f3ee5d2b8e4ee77e21137d..c3f0be535d283266492eb21164dc2f243d97b631 100644 (file)
Introduction
------------
-This is trying to be a short tutorial on setting up and using a git
-repository, mainly because being hands-on and using explicit examples is
-often the best way of explaining what is going on.
+This tutorial explains how to use the "core" git programs to set up and
+work with a git repository.
-In normal life, most people wouldn't use the "core" git programs
-directly, but rather script around them to make them more palatable.
-Understanding the core git stuff may help some people get those scripts
-done, though, and it may also be instructive in helping people
-understand what it is that the higher-level helper scripts are actually
-doing.
+If you just need to use git as a revision control system you may prefer
+to start with link:tutorial.html[a tutorial introduction to git] or
+link:user-manual.html[the git user manual].
+
+However, an understanding of these low-level tools can be helpful if
+you want to understand git's internals.
The core git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
interfaces on top of it called "porcelain". You may not want to use the
plumbing directly very often, but it can be good to know what the
plumbing does for when the porcelain isn't flushing.
-The material presented here often goes deep describing how things
-work internally. If you are mostly interested in using git as a
-SCM, you can skip them during your first pass.
-
-[NOTE]
-And those "too deep" descriptions are often marked as Note.
-
[NOTE]
-If you are already familiar with another version control system,
-like CVS, you may want to take a look at
-link:everyday.html[Everyday GIT in 20 commands or so] first
-before reading this.
+Deeper technical details are often marked as Notes, which you can
+skip on your first reading.
Creating a git repository
------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout mybranch
$ echo "Work, work, work" >>hello
-$ git commit -m 'Some work.' -i hello
+$ git commit -m "Some work." -i hello
------------------------------------------------
Here, we just added another line to `hello`, and we used a shorthand for
------------
$ echo "Play, play, play" >>hello
$ echo "Lots of fun" >>example
-$ git commit -m 'Some fun.' -i hello example
+$ git commit -m "Some fun." -i hello example
------------
since the master branch is obviously in a much better mood.
to resolve and what the merge is all about:
------------
-$ git merge "Merge work in mybranch" HEAD mybranch
+$ git merge -m "Merge work in mybranch" mybranch
------------
where the first argument is going to be used as the commit message if
------------
$ git checkout mybranch
-$ git merge "Merge upstream changes." HEAD master
+$ git merge -m "Merge upstream changes." master
------------
This outputs something like this (the actual commit object names
that does not even support directory index would suffice. But
you must prepare your repository with `git-update-server-info`
to help dumb transport downloaders.
-+
-There are (confusingly enough) `git-ssh-fetch` and `git-ssh-upload`
-programs, which are 'commit walkers'; they outlived their
-usefulness when git Native and SSH transports were introduced,
-and not used by `git pull` or `git push` scripts.
Once you fetch from the remote repository, you `merge` that
with your current branch.
and bring ourselves back to the pre-merge state:
------------
-$ git show-branch --more=3 master mybranch
+$ git show-branch --more=2 master mybranch
! [master] Merge work in mybranch
* [mybranch] Merge work in mybranch
--
This is the same `git-read-tree` command we have already seen,
but it takes three trees, unlike previous examples. This reads
the contents of each tree into different 'stage' in the index
-file (the first tree goes to stage 1, the second stage 2,
+file (the first tree goes to stage 1, the second to stage 2,
etc.). After reading three trees into three stages, the paths
that are the same in all three stages are 'collapsed' into stage
0. Also paths that are the same in two of three stages are
convenient to organize your project with an informal hierarchy
of developers. Linux kernel development is run this way. There
is a nice illustration (page 17, "Merges to Mainline") in
-link:http://tinyurl.com/a2jdg[Randy Dunlap's presentation].
+link:http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf
+[Randy Dunlap's presentation].
It should be stressed that this hierarchy is purely *informal*.
There is nothing fundamental in git that enforces the "chain of
'commit-fix' next, like this:
------------
-$ git merge 'Merge fix in diff-fix' master diff-fix
-$ git merge 'Merge fix in commit-fix' master commit-fix
+$ git merge -m "Merge fix in diff-fix" diff-fix
+$ git merge -m "Merge fix in commit-fix" commit-fix
------------
Which would result in:
and the reason why you preferred changes made in one side over
the other. Otherwise it would make the project history harder
to follow, not easier.
-
-[ to be continued.. cvsimports ]