index 975dc96f9dd8c78b40c9e9d4eea925d06b566c12..d99adc6f728aebfa0b7e4b956c4f784e3d2f7bd4 100644 (file)
commit. You can find out with this:
-------------------------------------------------
commit. You can find out with this:
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-$ git log --raw --abbrev=40 --pretty=oneline -- filename |
+$ git log --raw --abbrev=40 --pretty=oneline |
grep -B 1 `git hash-object filename`
-------------------------------------------------
grep -B 1 `git hash-object filename`
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------
On large repositories, git depends on compression to keep the history
-------------------------
On large repositories, git depends on compression to keep the history
-information from taking up to much space on disk or in memory.
+information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.
This compression is not performed automatically. Therefore you
should occasionally run gitlink:git-gc[1]:
This compression is not performed automatically. Therefore you
should occasionally run gitlink:git-gc[1]:
Dangling objects are not a problem. At worst they may take up a little
extra disk space. They can sometimes provide a last-resort method for
recovering lost work--see <<dangling-objects>> for details. However, if
Dangling objects are not a problem. At worst they may take up a little
extra disk space. They can sometimes provide a last-resort method for
recovering lost work--see <<dangling-objects>> for details. However, if
-you wish, you can remove them with gitlink:git-prune[1] or the --prune
+you wish, you can remove them with gitlink:git-prune[1] or the `--prune`
option to gitlink:git-gc[1]:
-------------------------------------------------
option to gitlink:git-gc[1]:
-------------------------------------------------
Reflogs
^^^^^^^
Reflogs
^^^^^^^
-Say you modify a branch with gitlink:git-reset[1] --hard, and then
+Say you modify a branch with `gitlink:git-reset[1] --hard`, and then
realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in
history.
realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in
history.
More generally, a branch that is created from a remote branch will pull
by default from that branch. See the descriptions of the
branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options in
More generally, a branch that is created from a remote branch will pull
by default from that branch. See the descriptions of the
branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options in
-gitlink:git-config[1], and the discussion of the --track option in
+gitlink:git-config[1], and the discussion of the `--track` option in
gitlink:git-checkout[1], to learn how to control these defaults.
In addition to saving you keystrokes, "git pull" also helps you by
gitlink:git-checkout[1], to learn how to control these defaults.
In addition to saving you keystrokes, "git pull" also helps you by
$ git pull /path/to/other/repository
-------------------------------------------------
$ git pull /path/to/other/repository
-------------------------------------------------
-or an ssh url:
+or an ssh URL:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git clone ssh://yourhost/~you/repository
-------------------------------------------------
$ git clone ssh://yourhost/~you/repository
This is the preferred method.
If someone else administers the server, they should tell you what
This is the preferred method.
If someone else administers the server, they should tell you what
-directory to put the repository in, and what git:// url it will appear
+directory to put the repository in, and what git:// URL it will appear
at. You can then skip to the section
"<<pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository,Pushing changes to a public
repository>>", below.
at. You can then skip to the section
"<<pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository,Pushing changes to a public
repository>>", below.
gitlink:git-update-server-info[1], and the documentation
link:hooks.html[Hooks used by git].)
gitlink:git-update-server-info[1], and the documentation
link:hooks.html[Hooks used by git].)
-Advertise the url of proj.git. Anybody else should then be able to
-clone or pull from that url, for example with a command line like:
+Advertise the URL of proj.git. Anybody else should then be able to
+clone or pull from that URL, for example with a command line like:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git clone http://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
-------------------------------------------------
$ git clone http://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
a <<fast-forwards,fast forward>>. Normally this is a sign of
something wrong. However, if you are sure you know what you're
doing, you may force git-push to perform the update anyway by
a <<fast-forwards,fast forward>>. Normally this is a sign of
something wrong. However, if you are sure you know what you're
doing, you may force git-push to perform the update anyway by
-proceeding the branch name by a plus sign:
+preceding the branch name by a plus sign:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git +master
-------------------------------------------------
$ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git +master
$ git branch --track release origin/master
-------------------------------------------------
$ git branch --track release origin/master
-------------------------------------------------
-These can be easily kept up to date using gitlink:git-pull[1]
+These can be easily kept up to date using gitlink:git-pull[1].
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout test && git pull
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout test && git pull
$ git log linux..branchname | git-shortlog
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log linux..branchname | git-shortlog
-------------------------------------------------
-To see whether it has already been merged into the test or release branches
+To see whether it has already been merged into the test or release branches,
use:
-------------------------------------------------
use:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log release..branchname
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log release..branchname
-------------------------------------------------
-(If this branch has not yet been merged you will see some log entries.
+(If this branch has not yet been merged, you will see some log entries.
If it has been merged, then there will be no output.)
Once a patch completes the great cycle (moving from test to release,
then pulled by Linus, and finally coming back into your local
If it has been merged, then there will be no output.)
Once a patch completes the great cycle (moving from test to release,
then pulled by Linus, and finally coming back into your local
-"origin/master" branch) the branch for this change is no longer needed.
+"origin/master" branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
You detect this when the output from:
-------------------------------------------------
You detect this when the output from:
-------------------------------------------------
and git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
and git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
-At any point you may use the --abort option to abort this process and
+At any point you may use the `--abort` option to abort this process and
return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
-------------------------------------------------
return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
-------------------------------------------------
$ gitk origin..mywork &
-------------------------------------------------
$ gitk origin..mywork &
-------------------------------------------------
-And browse through the list of patches in the mywork branch using gitk,
+and browse through the list of patches in the mywork branch using gitk,
applying them (possibly in a different order) to mywork-new using
applying them (possibly in a different order) to mywork-new using
-cherry-pick, and possibly modifying them as you go using commit --amend.
+cherry-pick, and possibly modifying them as you go using `commit --amend`.
The gitlink:git-gui[1] command may also help as it allows you to
individually select diff hunks for inclusion in the index (by
right-clicking on the diff hunk and choosing "Stage Hunk for Commit").
The gitlink:git-gui[1] command may also help as it allows you to
individually select diff hunks for inclusion in the index (by
right-clicking on the diff hunk and choosing "Stage Hunk for Commit").
- Git can quickly determine whether two objects are identical or not,
just by comparing names.
- Git can quickly determine whether two objects are identical or not,
just by comparing names.
-- Since object names are computed the same way in ever repository, the
+- Since object names are computed the same way in every repository, the
same content stored in two repositories will always be stored under
the same name.
- Git can detect errors when it reads an object, by checking that the
same content stored in two repositories will always be stored under
the same name.
- Git can detect errors when it reads an object, by checking that the
------------
High-level operations such as gitlink:git-commit[1],
------------
High-level operations such as gitlink:git-commit[1],
-gitlink:git-checkout[1] and git-reset[1] work by moving data between the
-working tree, the index, and the object database. Git provides
-low-level operations which perform each of these steps individually.
+gitlink:git-checkout[1] and gitlink:git-reset[1] work by moving data
+between the working tree, the index, and the object database. Git
+provides low-level operations which perform each of these steps
+individually.
Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations
work *purely* on the index file (showing the current state of the
Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations
work *purely* on the index file (showing the current state of the
---------------------------------
Sadly, many merges aren't trivial. If there are files that have
---------------------------------
Sadly, many merges aren't trivial. If there are files that have
-been added.moved or removed, or if both branches have modified the
+been added, moved or removed, or if both branches have modified the
same file, you will be left with an index tree that contains "merge
entries" in it. Such an index tree can 'NOT' be written out to a tree
object, and you will have to resolve any such merge clashes using
same file, you will be left with an index tree that contains "merge
entries" in it. Such an index tree can 'NOT' be written out to a tree
object, and you will have to resolve any such merge clashes using
$ git branch -d new # delete branch "new"
-----------------------------------------------
$ git branch -d new # delete branch "new"
-----------------------------------------------
-Instead of basing new branch on current HEAD (the default), use:
+Instead of basing a new branch on current HEAD (the default), use:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git branch new test # branch named "test"
-----------------------------------------------
$ git branch new test # branch named "test"