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git-rev-list(1)
===============
git-rev-list(1)
===============
-v0.1, May 2005
NAME
----
NAME
----
SYNOPSIS
--------
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git-rev-list' [ *--max-count*=number ] [ *--max-age*=timestamp ] [ *--min-age*=timestamp ] [ *--bisect* ] [ *--pretty* ] [ *--objects* ] [ *--merge-order* [ *--show-breaks* ] ] <commit> [ <commit> ...] [ ^<commit> ...]
+[verse]
+'git-rev-list' [ \--max-count=number ]
+ [ \--max-age=timestamp ]
+ [ \--min-age=timestamp ]
+ [ \--sparse ]
+ [ \--no-merges ]
+ [ \--remove-empty ]
+ [ \--not ]
+ [ \--all ]
+ [ \--stdin ]
+ [ \--topo-order ]
+ [ \--parents ]
+ [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
+ [ [\--objects | \--objects-edge] [ \--unpacked ] ]
+ [ \--pretty | \--header ]
+ [ \--bisect ]
+ [ \--merge ]
+ <commit>... [ \-- <paths>... ]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
DESCRIPTION
-----------
+
Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order starting at the
given commit(s), taking ancestry relationship into account. This is
useful to produce human-readable log output.
Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order starting at the
given commit(s), taking ancestry relationship into account. This is
useful to produce human-readable log output.
-Commits which are stated with a preceding '^' cause listing to stop at
-that point. Their parents are implied. "git-rev-list foo bar ^baz" thus
+Commits which are stated with a preceding '{caret}' cause listing to
+stop at that point. Their parents are implied. Thus the following
+command:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $ git-rev-list foo bar ^baz
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
means "list all the commits which are included in 'foo' and 'bar', but
not in 'baz'".
means "list all the commits which are included in 'foo' and 'bar', but
not in 'baz'".
-If *--pretty* is specified, print the contents of the commit changesets
-in human-readable form.
+A special notation "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" can be used as a
+short-hand for "{caret}'<commit1>' '<commit2>'". For example, either of
+the following may be used interchangeably:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $ git-rev-list origin..HEAD
+ $ git-rev-list HEAD ^origin
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Another special notation is "'<commit1>'...'<commit2>'" which is useful
+for merges. The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
+between the two operands. The following two commands are equivalent:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $ git-rev-list A B --not $(git-merge-base --all A B)
+ $ git-rev-list A...B
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+gitlink:git-rev-list[1] is a very essential git program, since it
+provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
+this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
+used by commands as different as gitlink:git-bisect[1] and
+gitlink:git-repack[1].
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+Commit Formatting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Using these options, gitlink:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the
+more specialized family of commit log tools: gitlink:git-log[1],
+gitlink:git-show[1], and gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]
+
+--pretty[='<format>']::
+
+ Pretty print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
+ where '<format>' can be one of 'raw', 'medium', 'short', 'full',
+ and 'oneline'. When left out the format default to 'medium'.
+
+--relative-date::
+
+ Show dates relative to the current time, e.g. "2 hours ago".
+ Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
+ as when using "--pretty".
+
+--header::
+
+ Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
+ separated with a NUL character.
+
+--parents::
+
+ Print the parents of the commit.
+
+Diff Formatting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
+Some of them are specific to gitlink:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
+options may be given. See gitlink:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
+
+-c::
+
+ This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed. It shows
+ the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
+ simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
+ and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
+ which were modified from all parents.
+
+--cc::
+
+ This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
+ patch output by omitting hunks that show differences from only
+ one parent, or show the same change from all but one parent for
+ an Octopus merge.
+
+-r::
+
+ Show recursive diffs.
+
+-t::
+
+ Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
+
+Commit Limiting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
+special notations explained in the description, additional commit
+limiting may be applied.
+
+--
+
+-n 'number', --max-count='number'::
+
+ Limit the number of commits output.
+
+--since='date', --after='date'::
+
+ Show commits more recent than a specific date.
-The *--objects* flag causes 'git-rev-list' to print the object IDs of
-any object referenced by the listed commits. 'git-rev-list --objects foo
-^bar' thus means "send me all object IDs which I need to download if
-I have the commit object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
+--until='date', --before='date'::
-The *--bisect* flag limits output to the one commit object which is
-roughly halfway between the included and excluded commits. Thus,
-if "git-rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz" outputs 'midpoint', the output
-of "git-rev-list foo ^midpoint" and "git-rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz"
-would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which introduces
-a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly generate and
-test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length one.
+ Show commits older than a specific date.
-If *--merge-order* is specified, the commit history is decomposed into a
-unique sequence of minimal, non-linear epochs and maximal, linear epochs.
-Non-linear epochs are then linearised by sorting them into merge order, which
-is described below.
+--max-age='timestamp', --min-age='timestamp'::
-Maximal, linear epochs correspond to periods of sequential development.
-Minimal, non-linear epochs correspond to periods of divergent development
-followed by a converging merge. The theory of epochs is described in more
-detail at
-link:http://blackcubes.dyndns.org/epoch/[http://blackcubes.dyndns.org/epoch/].
+ Limit the commits output to specified time range.
-The merge order for a non-linear epoch is defined as a linearisation for which
-the following invariants are true:
+--author='pattern', --committer='pattern'::
- 1. if a commit P is reachable from commit N, commit P sorts after commit N
- in the linearised list.
- 2. if Pi and Pj are any two parents of a merge M (with i < j), then any
- commit N, such that N is reachable from Pj but not reachable from Pi,
- sorts before all commits reachable from Pi.
+ Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
+ header lines that match the specified pattern.
-Invariant 1 states that later commits appear before earlier commits they are
-derived from.
+--grep='pattern'::
-Invariant 2 states that commits unique to "later" parents in a merge, appear
-before all commits from "earlier" parents of a merge.
+ Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
+ matches the specified pattern.
-If *--show-breaks* is specified, each item of the list is output with a
-2-character prefix consisting of one of: (|), (^), (=) followed by a space.
+--remove-empty::
-Commits marked with (=) represent the boundaries of minimal, non-linear epochs
-and correspond either to the start of a period of divergent development or to
-the end of such a period.
+ Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
-Commits marked with (|) are direct parents of commits immediately preceding
-the marked commit in the list.
+--no-merges::
-Commits marked with (^) are not parents of the immediately preceding commit.
-These "breaks" represent necessary discontinuities implied by trying to
-represent an arbtirary DAG in a linear form.
+ Do not print commits with more than one parent.
-*--show-breaks* is only valid if *--merge-order* is also specified.
+--not::
+
+ Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof)
+ for all following revision specifiers, up to the next '--not'.
+
+--all::
+
+ Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/` are listed on the
+ command line as '<commit>'.
+
+--stdin::
+
+ In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command
+ line, read them from the standard input.
+
+--merge::
+
+ After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
+ conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge.
+
+--boundary::
+
+ Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually
+ not shown.
+
+--dense, --sparse::
+
+When optional paths are given, the default behaviour ('--dense') is to
+only output commits that changes at least one of them, and also ignore
+merges that do not touch the given paths.
+
+Use the '--sparse' flag to makes the command output all eligible commits
+(still subject to count and age limitation), but apply merge
+simplification nevertheless.
+
+--bisect::
+
+Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
+the included and excluded commits. Thus, if
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $ git-rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $ git-rev-list foo ^midpoint
+ $ git-rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which
+introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
+generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length
+one.
+
+--
+
+Commit Ordering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.
+
+--topo-order::
+
+ This option makes them appear in topological order (i.e.
+ descendant commits are shown before their parents).
+
+--date-order::
+
+ This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no
+ parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise things
+ are still ordered in the commit timestamp order.
+
+Object Traversal
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
+
+--objects::
+
+ Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
+ commits. 'git-rev-list --objects foo ^bar' thus means "send me
+ all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
+ object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
+
+--objects-edge::
+
+ Similar to '--objects', but also print the IDs of excluded
+ commits prefixed with a "-" character. This is used by
+ gitlink:git-pack-objects[1] to build "thin" pack, which records
+ objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
+ excluded commits to reduce network traffic.
+
+--unpacked::
+
+ Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not
+ in packs.
Author
------
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Author
------
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-Original *--merge-order* logic by Jon Seymour <jon.seymour@gmail.com>
-
Documentation
--------------
Documentation
--------------
-Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Jonas Fonseca
+and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
GIT
---
GIT
---
-Part of the link:git.html[git] suite
-
+Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite