=head1 NAME

collectd - System statistics collection daemon

=head1 SYNOPSIS

collectd I<[options]>

=head1 DESCRIPTION

collectd is a daemon that receives system statistics and makes them available
in a number of ways. The main daemon itself doesn't have any real functionality
appart from loading, querying and submitting to plugins. For a description of
available plugins please see L</PLUGINS> below.

=head1 OPTIONS

Most of collectd's configuration is done using using a configfile. See
L<collectd.conf(5)> for an in-depth description of all options.

=over 4

=item B<-C> I<E<lt>config-fileE<gt>>

Specify an alternative config file. This is the place to go when you wish to
change B<collectd>'s behavior. The path may be relative to the current working
directory.

=item B<-P> I<E<lt>pid-fileE<gt>>

Specify an alternative pid file. This overwrites any settings in the config 
file. This is thought for init-scripts that require the PID-file in a certain
directory to work correctly. For everyday-usage use the B<PIDFile>
config-option.

=item B<-f>

Don't fork to the background. I<collectd> will also B<not> close standard file
descriptors, detach from the session nor write a pid file. This is mainly
thought for 'supervisioning' init replacements such as I<runit>.

=item B<-h>

Output usage information and exit.

=back

=head1 PLUGINS

As noted above, the real power of collectd lies within it's plugins. There are
two big groups of plugins, B<input> and B<output> plugins:

=over 4

=item

Input plugins are queried periodically. They somehow aquire the current value
of whatever they where designed to work with and submit these values back to
the daemon, i. e. they "dispatch" the values. As an example, the C<cpu plugin>
reads the current cpu-counters of time spent in the various modes (user,
system, nice, ...) and dispatches these counters to the daemon.

=item

Output plugins get the dispatched values from the daemon and does something
with them. Common applications are writing to RRD-files, CSV-files or sending
the data over a network link to a remote box.

=back

Of course not all plugins fit neatly into one of the two above categories. The
C<network plugin>, for example, is able to send (i.E<nbsp>e. "write") B<and>
receive (i.E<nbsp>e. "dispatch") values. Also, it opens a socket upon
initialization and dispatches the values when it receives them and isn't
triggered at the same time the input plugins are being read. You can think if
the network receive part as working asynchronous if it helps.

In addition to the above, there are "logging plugins". Right now those are the
C<logfile plugin> and the C<syslog plugin>. With these plugins collectd can
provide information about issues and significant situations to the user.
Several loglevels let you suppress uninteresting messages.

=head1 SPECIAL PLUGINS

=head2 apache

This module connects to an Apache or lighttpd webserver and expects the output
produced by B<mod_status.c>. If requires B<libcurl> to set up the HTTP
connection and issue the request(s). The following is a sample config for the
Apache webserver. Under Apache, the use of C<ExtendedStatus on> is mandatory.

  ExtendedStatus on
  <IfModule mod_status.c>
    <Location /mod_status>
      SetHandler server-status
    </Location>
  </IfModule>

This plugin requires further configuration. Please read L<collectd.conf(5)>.

=head2 cpufreq

This module reads F</sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq> (for
the first CPU installed) to get the current CPU frequency. If this file does
not exist make sure B<cpufreqd> (L<http://cpufreqd.sourceforge.net/>) or a
similar tool is installed and an "cpu governor" (that's kernel module) is
loaded.

=head2 email

This plugin collects data indirectly by providing a UNIX socket that external
programs can connect to. A simple line based protocol is used to communicate
with the plugin:

E-Mail type (e.g. "ham", "spam", "virus", ...) and size (bytes):

  e:<type>:<size>

If C<size> is less than or equal to zero, C<size> is ignored.

Spam score:

  s:<value>

Successful spam checks (e.g. "BAYES_99", "SUBJECT_DRUG_GAP_C", ...):

  c:<type1>[,<type2>,...]

Each line is limited to 256 characters (including the newline character). 
Longer lines will be ignored.

=head2 exec

The C<exec> plugin forks of an executable and reads back values that it writes
to C<STDOUT>. The executable is forked kind of as L<init> does: It is forked
once and not again until it exits. If it exited, it will be forked again after
at most I<Interval> seconds. It is perfectly legal for the executable to run
for a long time and continuously write values to C<STDOUT>.

The forked executable is expected to print values to C<STDOUT>. The expected
format is as follows:

=over 4

=item

Each line beginning with a C<#> (hash mark) is ignored.

=item

Any other line must be of the form C<I<type>,I<type-instance>,I<value>>, where
I<type> is either B<counter> or B<gauge>, I<type-instance> may not contain
C<,> (comma), C</> (slash) and C<\0> (null byte) and I<value> is either an
integer (if I<type> is B<counter>) or a floating-point number (if I<type> is
B<gauge>).

=back

The values are always considered to be "fresh", i.E<nbsp>e. the time is set to
"now".

When collectd exits it sends a B<SIGTERM> to all still running
child-processes upon which they have to quit.

=head2 mysql

Requires B<mysqlclient> to be installed. It connects to the database when
started and keeps the connection up as long as possible. When the connection is
interrupted for whatever reason it will try to re-connect. The syslog will
contain loud complaints in case anything goes wrong.

This plugin issues C<SHOW STATUS> and evaluates C<Bytes_{received,sent}>,
C<Com_*> and C<Handler_*> which correspond to F<traffic-mysql.rrd>,
F<mysql_commands-*.rrd> and F<mysql_handler-*.rrd>. Also, the values of
C<Qcache_*> are put in F<mysql_qcache.rrd> and values of C<Threads_*> are put
in F<mysql_threads.rrd>. Please refer to the B<MySQL reference manual>,
I<5.2.4. Server Status Variables> for an explanation of these values.

=head2 perl

The C<perl plugin> includes a Perl-interpreter in collectd and provides
Perl-equivalents of the plugin-functions. This makes it possible to write
plugins in Perl.

There are two more complex types you need to know about:

=over 4

=item Data-Set

A data-set is a list of one or more data-sources. Each data-source defines a
name, type, min- and max-value and the data-set wraps them up into one
structure. The general layout looks like this:

  [{
    name => 'data_source_name',
    type => DS_TYPE_COUNTER || DS_TYPE_GAUGE
    min  => value || undef,
    max  => value || undef
  }, ...]

=item Value-List

A value-list is one structure which features an array of values and fields to
identify the values, i. e. time and host, plugin name and plugin-instance as
well as a type and type-instance. Since the "type" is not included in the
value-list but is passed as an extra argument, the general layout looks like
this:

  {
    values => [123, 0.5],
    time   => time (),
    host   => 'localhost',
    plugin => 'myplugin',
    plugin_instance => '',
    type_instance   => ''
  }

=back

The following functions provide the C-interface to Perl-modules:

=over 4

=item B<plugin_register> (I<type>, I<name>, I<data>)

Registers a callback-function or data-set.

I<type> can be one of:

=over 4

=item TYPE_INIT

=item TYPE_READ

=item TYPE_WRITE

=item TYPE_LOG

=item TYPE_SHUTDOWN

=item TYPE_DATASET

=back

I<name> is the name of the callback-function or the type of the data-set,
depending on the value of I<type>. (Please note that the type of the data-set
is the value passed as I<name> here and has nothing to do with the I<type>
argument which simply tells B<plugin_register> what is being registered.)

The last argument, I<data>, is either a function- or an array-reference. If
I<type> is B<TYPE_DATASET>, then the I<data> argument must be an
array-reference which points to an array of hashes. Each hash describes one
data-source. For the exact layout see B<Data-Set> above.

If the I<type> argument is any of the other types (B<TYPE_INIT>, B<TYPE_READ>,
...) then I<data> is expected to be a function reference. These functions are
called in the various stages of the daemon and are passed the following
arguments:

=over 4

=item TYPE_INIT

=item TYPE_READ

=item TYPE_SHUTDOWN

No arguments are passed

=item TYPE_WRITE

The arguments passed are I<type>, I<data-set>, and I<value-list>. I<type> is a
string. For the layout of I<data-set> and I<value-list> see above.

=item TYPE_LOG

The arguments are I<log-level> and I<message>. The log level is small for
important messages and high for less important messages. The least important
level is B<LOG_DEBUG>, the most important level is B<LOG_ERR>. In between there
are (from least to most important): B<LOG_INFO>, B<LOG_NOTICE>, and
B<LOG_WARNING>. I<message> is simply a string B<without> a newline at the end.

=back

=item B<plugin_unregister> (I<type>, I<plugin>)

Removes a callback or data-set from collectd's internal list of
functionsE<nbsp>/ datasets.

=item B<plugin_dispatch_values> (I<type>, I<value-list>)

Submits a I<value-list> of type I<type> to the daemon. If the data-set I<type>
is found (and the number of values matches the number of data-sources) then the
type, data-set and value-list is passed to all write-callbacks that are
registered with the daemon.

=item B<plugin_log> (I<log-level>, I<message>)

Submits a I<message> of level I<log-level> to collectd's logging mechanism.
The message is passed to all log-callbacks that are registered with collectd.

=back

=head2 sensors

The B<sensors> module uses lm_sensors to retrieve sensor-values. This means
that all the needed modules have to be loaded and lm_sensors has to be
configured (most likely by editing F</etc/sensors.conf>. Read
L<sensors.conf(5)> for details.

The B<lm_sensors> homepage can be found at
L<http://secure.netroedge.com/~lm78/>.

=head2 mbmon

The B<mbmon> module uses mbmon to retrieve temperature, voltage, etc.

collectd connects to B<localhost> (127.0.0.1), port B<411/tcp>.
The B<Host> and B<Port> options can be used to change these
default values. See L<collectd.conf(5)> for details. C<mbmon> has to be
running to work correctly. If C<mbmon> is not running timeouts may appear
which may interfere with other statistics..

C<mbmon> must be run with the -r option ("print TAG and Value format");
Debian's /etc/init.d/mbmon script already does this, other people
will need to ensure that this is the case.

=head2 hddtemp

To get values from B<hddtemp> collectd connects to B<localhost> (127.0.0.1),
port B<7634/tcp>. The B<Host> and B<Port> options can be used to change these
default values. See L<collectd.conf(5)> for details. C<hddtemp> has to be
running to work correctly. If C<hddtemp> is not running timeouts may appear
which may interfere with other statistics..

The B<hddtemp> homepage can be found at
L<http://www.guzu.net/linux/hddtemp.php>.

=head2 vserver

B<VServer> support is only available for Linux. It cannot yet be found in a 
vanilla kernel, though. To make use of this plugin you need a kernel that has 
B<VServer> support built in, i.e. you need to apply the patches and compile 
your own kernel, which will then provide the /proc/virtual filesystem that is
required by this plugin.

The B<VServer> homepage can be found at L<http://linux-vserver.org/>.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<collectd.conf(5)>, L<rrdtool(1)>, L<sensors(1)>, L<hddtemp(8)>,
L<mbmon(1)>,
L<kstat(3KSTAT)>,
L<http://collectd.org/>

=head1 AUTHOR

Florian Forster E<lt>octo@verplant.orgE<gt>

=cut