1 ==========================
2 HTML Templating Mechanisms
3 ==========================
5 :Version: $Revision: 1.11 $
7 Current Situation and Issues
8 ============================
10 Syntax
11 ------
13 Roundup currently uses an element-based HTML-tag-alike templating syntax::
15 <display call="checklist('status')">
17 The templates were initially parsed using recursive regular expression
18 parsing, and since no template tag could encapsulate itself, the parser
19 worked just fine. Then we got the ``<require>`` tag, which could have other
20 ``<require>`` tags inside. This forced us to move towards a more complete
21 parser, using the standard python sgmllib/htmllib parser. The downside of this
22 switch is that constructs of the form::
24 <tr class="row-<display call="plain('status')">">
26 don't parse as we'd hope. We can modify the parser to work, but that doesn't
27 another couple of issues that have arisen:
29 1. the template syntax is not well-formed, and therefore is a pain to parse
30 and doesn't play well with other tools, and
31 2. user requirements generally have to be anticipated and accounted for in
32 templating functions (like ``plain()`` and ``checklist()`` above), and
33 we are therefore artificially restrictive.
35 Arguments for switching templating systems:
37 *Pros*
39 - more flexibility in templating control and content
40 - we can be well-formed
42 *Cons*
44 - installed user base (though they'd have to edit their templates with the
45 next release anyway)
46 - current templating system is pretty trivial, and a more flexible system
47 is likely to be more complex
50 Templates
51 ---------
53 We should also take this opportunity to open up the flexibility of the
54 templates through:
56 1. allowing the instance to define a "page" template, which holds the overall
57 page structure, including header and footer
61 Possible approaches
62 ===================
64 Zope's PageTemplates
65 --------------------
67 Using Zope's PageTemplates seems to be the best approach of the lot.
68 In my opinion, it's the peak of HTML templating technology at present. With
69 appropriate infrastructure, the above two examples would read:
71 <span tal:replace="item/status/checklist">status checklist</span>
73 <tr tal:attributes="class string:row-${item/status/name}">
75 ... which doesn't look that much more complicated... honest...
77 Other fun can be had when you start playing with stuff like:
79 <table>
80 <tr tal:repeat="message item/msg/list">
81 <td tal:define="from message/from">
82 <a href="" tal:attributes="href string:mailto:${from/address}"
83 tal:content="from/name">mailto link</a>
84 </td>
85 <td tal:content="message/title">subject</td>
86 <td tal:content="message/created">received date</td>
87 </tr>
88 </table>
90 Note: even if we don't switch templating as a whole, this document may be
91 applied to the ZRoundup frontend.
93 PageTemplates in a Nutshell
94 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
96 PageTemplates consist of three technologies:
98 TAL - Template Attribute Language
99 This is the syntax which is woven into the HTML using the ``tal:`` tag
100 attributes. A TAL parser pulls out the TAL commands from the attributes
101 runs them using some expression engine.
103 TALES - TAL Expression Syntax
104 The expression engine used in this case is TALES, which runs the expressions
105 that form the tag attribute values. TALES expressions come in three
106 flavours:
108 Path Expressions - eg. ``item/status/checklist``
109 These are object attribute / item accesses. Roughly speaking, the path
110 ``item/status/checklist`` is broken into parts ``item``, ``status``
111 and ``checklist``. The ``item`` part is the root of the expression.
112 We then look for a ``status`` attribute on ``item``, or failing that, a
113 ``status`` item (as in ``item['status']``). If that
114 fails, the path expression fails. When we get to the end, the object we're
115 left with is evaluated to get a string - methods are called, objects are
116 stringified. Path expressions may have an optional ``path:`` prefix, though
117 they are the default expression type, so it's not necessary.
119 String Expressions - eg. ``string:hello ${user/name}``
120 These expressions are simple string interpolations (though they can be just
121 plain strings with no interpolation if you want. The expression in the
122 ``${ ... }`` is just a path expression as above.
124 Python Expressions - eg. ``python: 1+1``
125 These expressions give the full power of Python. All the "root level"
126 variables are available, so ``python:item.status.checklist()`` would be
127 equivalent to ``item/status/checklist``, assuming that ``checklist`` is
128 a method.
130 PageTemplates
131 The PageTemplates module glues together TAL and TALES.
134 Implementation
135 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
137 I'm envisaging an infrastructure layer where each template has the following
138 "root level" (that is, directly accessible in the TALES namespace) variables
139 defined:
141 *user*
142 The current user node as an HTMLItem instance
144 *class*
145 The current class of node being displayed as an HTMLClass instance
147 *item*
148 The current node from the database, if we're viewing a specific node, as an
149 HTMLItem instance. If it doesn't exist, then we're on a new item page.
151 (*classname*)
152 this is one of two things:
154 1. the *item* is also available under its classname, so a *user* node
155 would also be available under the name *user*. This is also an HTMLItem
156 instance.
157 2. if there's no *item* then the current class is available through this
158 name, thus "user/name" and "user/name/menu" will still work - the latter
159 will pull information from the form if it can.
161 *form*
162 The current CGI form information as a mapping of form argument name to value
164 *request*
165 Includes information about the current request, including:
166 - the url
167 - the current index information (``filterspec``, ``filter`` args,
168 ``properties``, etc) parsed out of the form.
169 - methods for easy filterspec link generation
171 *instance*
172 The current instance
174 *db*
175 The current open database
177 *config*
178 The current instance config
180 *modules*
181 python modules made available (XXX: not sure what's actually in there tho)
183 Accesses through the *user*::
185 class HTMLUser:
186 def hasPermission(self, ...)
188 (note that the other permission check implemented by the security module may
189 be implemented easily in a tal:condition, so isn't needed here)
191 Accesses through a class (either through *class* or *db.<classname>*):
193 class HTMLClass:
194 def __getattr__(self, attr):
195 ''' return an HTMLItem instance '''
196 def classhelp(self, ...)
197 def list(self, ...)
198 def filter(self):
199 ''' Return a list of items from this class, filtered and sorted
200 by the current requested filterspec/filter/sort/group args
201 '''
203 Accesses through an *item*::
205 class HTMLItem:
206 def __getattr__(self, attr):
207 ''' return an HTMLItem instance '''
208 def history(self, ...)
209 def remove(self, ...)
211 Note: the above could cause problems if someone wants to have properties
212 called "history" or "remove"...
214 String, Number, Date, Interval HTMLProperty
215 a wrapper object which may be stringified for the current plain() behaviour
216 and has methods emulating all the current display functions, so
217 ``item/name/plain`` would emulate the current ``call="plain()``". Also,
218 ``python:item.name.plain(name=value)`` would work just fine::
220 class HTMLProperty:
221 def __init__(self, instance, db, ...)
222 def __str__(self):
223 return self.plain()
225 class StringHTMLProperty(HTLProperty):
226 def plain(self, ...)
227 def field(self, ...)
228 def stext(self, ...)
229 def multiline(self, ...)
230 def email(self, ...)
232 class NumberHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty):
233 def plain(self, ...)
234 def field(self, ...)
236 class BooleanHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty):
237 def plain(self, ...)
238 def field(self, ...)
240 class DateHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty):
241 def plain(self, ...)
242 def field(self, ...)
243 def reldate(self, ...)
245 class IntervalHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty):
246 def plain(self, ...)
247 def field(self, ...)
248 def pretty(self, ...)
250 Link HTMLProperty
251 the wrapper object would include the above as well as being able to access
252 the class information. Stringifying the object itself would result in the
253 value from the item being displayed. Accessing attributes of this object
254 would result in the appropriate entry from the class being queried for the
255 property accessed (so item/assignedto/name would look up the user entry
256 identified by the assignedto property on item, and then the name property of
257 that user)::
259 class LinkHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty):
260 ''' Be a HTMLItem too '''
261 def __getattr__(self, attr):
262 ''' return a new HTMLProperty '''
263 def download(self, ...)
264 def checklist(self, ...)
266 Multilink HTMLProperty
267 the wrapper would also be iterable, returning a wrapper object like the Link
268 case for each entry in the multilink::
270 class MultilinkHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty):
271 def __len__(self):
272 ''' length of the multilink '''
273 def __getitem(self, num):
274 ''' return a new HTMLItem '''
275 def checklist(self, ...)
276 def list(self, ...)
278 *request*
279 the request object will handle::
281 class Request:
282 def __init__(self, ...)
283 def filterspec(self, ...)
285 Template files
286 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
288 Each instance will have the opportunity to supply the following templates:
290 page
291 This is the overall page look template, and includes at some point a TAL
292 command that includes the variable "content". This variable causes the actual
293 page content to be generated.
295 [classname].[template type]
296 Templates that have this form are applied to item data. There are three forms
297 of special template types:
299 [classname].index
300 This template is used when the URL specifies only the class, and not a node
301 designator. It displays a list of [classname] items from the database, and
302 a "filter refinement" form.
303 Would perform a TAL ``repeat`` command using the list supplied by
304 ``class/filter``. This deviates from the current situation in that currently
305 the index template specifies a single row, and the filter part is
306 automatically generated.
308 [classname].item
309 This template is used when the URL specifies an item designator. It's the
310 default template used (when no template is explicitly given). It displays
311 a single item from the database using the *classname* variable (that
312 is, the variable of the same name as the class being displayed. If
314 These two special template types may be overridden by the :template CGI
315 variable.
317 Note that the "newitem" template doesn't exist any more because the item
318 templates may determine whether the page has an existing item to render. The
319 new item page would be accessed by "/tracker/url/issue?:template=item".
320 The old "filter" template has been subsumed by the index template.
323 Integrating Code
324 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
326 We will install PageTemplates, TAL and ZTUtils in site-packages. If there is a
327 local Zope installation, it will use its own PageTemplates code (Zope modifies
328 the module search path to give precedence to its own module library).
330 We will then install the trivial MultiMapping and ComputedAttribute modules in
331 the Roundup package, and have some import trickery that determines whether
332 they are required, and if so they will be imported as if they were at the
333 "top level" of the module namespace.
335 New CGI client structure
336 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
338 Handling of a request in the CGI client will take three phases:
340 1. Determine user, pre-set "content" to authorisation page if necessary
341 2. Render main page, with callback to "content"
342 3. Render content - if not pre-set, then determine which content to render
345 Use Cases
346 ~~~~~~~~~
348 Meta/parent bug
349 Can be done with addition to the schema and then the actual parent heirarchy
350 may be displayed with a new template page ":dependencies" or something.
352 Submission wizard
353 Can be done using new templates ":page1", ":page2", etc and some additional
354 actions on the CGI Client class in the instance.