[roundup.git] / doc / customizing.txt

===================
Customising Roundup
===================

:Version: $Revision: 1.14 $

.. contents::


What You Can Do
---------------

Customisation of Roundup can take one of four forms:

1. `instance configuration`_ file changes
2. database, or `instance schema`_ changes
3. "definition" class `database content`_ changes
4. behavioural changes, through detectors_

The third case is special because it takes two distinctly different forms
depending upon whether the instance has been initialised or not. The other two
may be done at any time, before or after instance initialisation. Yes, this
includes adding or removing properties from classes.


Instances in a Nutshell
-----------------------

Instances have the following structure:

+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|instance_config.py |Holds the basic instance_configuration                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|dbinit.py          |Holds the instance_schema                               |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|interfaces.py      |Defines the Web and E-Mail interfaces for the instance  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|select_db.py       |Selects the database back-end for the instance          |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|db/                |Holds the instance's database                           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|db/files/          |Holds the instance's upload files and messages          |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|detectors/         |Auditors and reactors for this instance                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|html/              |Web interface templates, images and style sheets        |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+

Instance Configuration
----------------------

The instance_config.py located in your instance home contains the basic
configuration for the web and e-mail components of roundup's interfaces. This
file is a Python module. The configuration variables available are:

**INSTANCE_HOME** - ``os.path.split(__file__)[0]``
 The instance home directory. The above default code will automatically
 determine the instance home for you.

**MAILHOST** - ``'localhost'``
 The SMTP mail host that roundup will use to send e-mail.

**MAIL_DOMAIN** - ``'your.tracker.email.domain.example'``
 The domain name used for email addresses.

**DATABASE** - ``os.path.join(INSTANCE_HOME, 'db')``
 This is the directory that the database is going to be stored in. By default
 it is in the instance home.

**TEMPLATES** - ``os.path.join(INSTANCE_HOME, 'html')``
 This is the directory that the HTML templates reside in. By default they are
 in the instance home.

**INSTANCE_NAME** - ``'Roundup issue tracker'``
 A descriptive name for your roundup instance. This is sent out in e-mails and
 appears in the heading of CGI pages.

**ISSUE_TRACKER_EMAIL** - ``'issue_tracker@%s'%MAIL_DOMAIN``
 The email address that e-mail sent to roundup should go to. Think of it as the
 instance's personal e-mail address.

**ISSUE_TRACKER_WEB** - ``'http://your.tracker.url.example/'``
 The web address that the instance is viewable at. This will be included in
 information sent to users of the tracker.

**ADMIN_EMAIL** - ``'roundup-admin@%s'%MAIL_DOMAIN``
 The email address that roundup will complain to if it runs into trouble.

**FILTER_POSITION** - ``'top'``, ``'bottom'`` or ``'top and bottom'``
 Where to place the web filtering HTML on the index page.

**ANONYMOUS_ACCESS** - ``'deny'`` or ``'allow'``
 Deny or allow anonymous access to the web interface.

**ANONYMOUS_REGISTER** - ``'deny'`` or ``'allow'``
 Deny or allow anonymous users to register through the web interface.

**ANONYMOUS_REGISTER_MAIL** - ``'deny'`` or ``'allow'``
 Deny or allow anonymous users to register through the mail interface.

**MESSAGES_TO_AUTHOR** - ``'yes'`` or``'no'``
 Send nosy messages to the author of the message.

**ADD_AUTHOR_TO_NOSY** - ``'new'``, ``'yes'`` or ``'no'``
 Does the author of a message get placed on the nosy list automatically?
 If ``'new'`` is used, then the author will only be added when a message
 creates a new issue. If ``'yes'``, then the author will be added on followups
 too. If ``'no'``, they're never added to the nosy.

**ADD_RECIPIENTS_TO_NOSY** - ``'new'``, ``'yes'`` or ``'no'``
 Do the recipients (To:, Cc:) of a message get placed on the nosy list?
 If ``'new'`` is used, then the recipients will only be added when a message
 creates a new issue. If ``'yes'``, then the recipients will be added on
 followups too. If ``'no'``, they're never added to the nosy.

**EMAIL_SIGNATURE_POSITION** - ``'top'``, ``'bottom'`` or ``'none'``
 Where to place the email signature in messages that Roundup generates.

**EMAIL_KEEP_QUOTED_TEXT** - ``'yes'`` or ``'no'``
 Keep email citations. Citations are the part of e-mail which the sender has
 quoted in their reply to previous e-mail.

**EMAIL_LEAVE_BODY_UNCHANGED** - ``'no'``
 Preserve the email body as is. Enabiling this will cause the entire message
 body to be stored, including all citations and signatures. It should be
 either ``'yes'`` or ``'no'``.

**MAIL_DEFAULT_CLASS** - ``'issue'`` or ``''``
 Default class to use in the mailgw if one isn't supplied in email
 subjects. To disable, comment out the variable below or leave it blank.

**HEADER_INDEX_LINKS** - ``['DEFAULT', 'UNASSIGNED', 'USER']``
 Define what index links are available in the header, and what their
 labels are. Each key is used to look up one of the index specifications
 below - so ``'DEFAULT'`` will use ``'DEFAULT_INDEX'``.

 Example ``DEFAULT_INDEX``::

  {
   'LABEL': 'All Issues',
   'CLASS': 'issue',
   'SORT': ['-activity'],
   'GROUP': ['priority'],
   'FILTER': ['status'],
   'COLUMNS': ['id','activity','title','creator','assignedto'],
   'FILTERSPEC': {
     'status': ['-1', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7'],
   },
  }

 This defines one of the index links that appears in the
 ``HEADER_INDEX_LINKS`` list.

 **LABEL** - ``'All Issues'``
  The text that appears as the link label.
 **CLASS** - ``'issue'``
  The class to display the index for.
 **SORT** - ``['-activity']``
  Sort by prop name, optionally preceeded with '-' to give descending or
  nothing for ascending sorting.
 **GROUP** - ``['priority']``
  Group by prop name, optionally preceeded with '-' or to sort in descending
  or nothing for ascending order.
 **FILTER** - ``['status']``
  Selects which props should be displayed in the filter section.
  Default is all. 
 **COLUMNS** - ``['id','activity','title','creator','assignedto']``
  Selects the columns that should be displayed. Default is all.
 **FILTERSPEC** - *a dictionary giving the filter specification*
  The ``FILTERSPEC`` gives the filtering arguments. This selects the values
  the node properties given by propname must have.

  Where the ``FILTERSPEC`` value is ``'CURRENT USER'``, it will be replaced
  by the id of the logged-in user. For example::

   'FILTERSPEC': {
     'status': ['-1', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7'],
     'assignedto': 'CURRENT USER',
   },

**HEADER_ADD_LINKS** - ``['issue']``
 List the classes that users are able to add nodes to.

**HEADER_SEARCH_LINKS** - ``['issue']``
 List the classes that users can search.

**SEARCH_FILTERS** - ``['ISSUE_FILTER', 'SUPPORT_FILTER']``
 List search filters per class. Like the INDEX entries above, each key is
 used to look up one of the filter specifications below - so ``'ISSUE'``
 will use ``'ISSUE_FILTER'``.

 Example ``ISSUE_FILTER``::

  ISSUE_FILTER = {
    'CLASS': 'issue',
    'FILTER': ['status', 'priority', 'assignedto', 'creator']
  }

  **CLASS** - ``'issue'``
   The class that the search page is for.
  **FILTER** - ``['status', 'priority', 'assignedto', 'creator']``
   Selects which props should be displayed on the filter page. Default is
   all.

The default instance_config.py is given below - as you
can see, the MAIL_DOMAIN must be edited before any interaction with the
instance is attempted.::

    # roundup home is this package's directory
    INSTANCE_HOME=os.path.split(__file__)[0]

    # The SMTP mail host that roundup will use to send mail
    MAILHOST = 'localhost'

    # The domain name used for email addresses.
    MAIL_DOMAIN = 'your.tracker.email.domain.example'

    # the next two are only used for the standalone HTTP server.
    HTTP_HOST = ''
    HTTP_PORT = 9080

    # This is the directory that the database is going to be stored in
    DATABASE = os.path.join(INSTANCE_HOME, 'db')

    # This is the directory that the HTML templates reside in
    TEMPLATES = os.path.join(INSTANCE_HOME, 'html')

    # A descriptive name for your roundup instance
    INSTANCE_NAME = 'Roundup issue tracker'

    # The email address that mail to roundup should go to
    ISSUE_TRACKER_EMAIL = 'issue_tracker@%s'%MAIL_DOMAIN

    # The web address that the instance is viewable at
    ISSUE_TRACKER_WEB = 'http://your.tracker.url.example/'

    # The email address that roundup will complain to if it runs into trouble
    ADMIN_EMAIL = 'roundup-admin@%s'%MAIL_DOMAIN

    # Somewhere for roundup to log stuff internally sent to stdout or stderr
    LOG = os.path.join(INSTANCE_HOME, 'roundup.log')

    # Where to place the web filtering HTML on the index page
    FILTER_POSITION = 'bottom'          # one of 'top', 'bottom', 'top and bottom'

    # Deny or allow anonymous access to the web interface
    ANONYMOUS_ACCESS = 'deny'           # either 'deny' or 'allow'

    # Deny or allow anonymous users to register through the web interface
    ANONYMOUS_REGISTER = 'deny'         # either 'deny' or 'allow'

    # Deny or allow anonymous users to register through the mail interface
    ANONYMOUS_REGISTER_MAIL = 'deny'    # either 'deny' or 'allow'

    # Send nosy messages to the author of the message
    MESSAGES_TO_AUTHOR = 'no'           # either 'yes' or 'no'

    # Does the author of a message get placed on the nosy list automatically?
    # If 'new' is used, then the author will only be added when a message
    # creates a new issue. If 'yes', then the author will be added on followups
    # too. If 'no', they're never added to the nosy.
    ADD_AUTHOR_TO_NOSY = 'new'          # one of 'yes', 'no', 'new'

    # Do the recipients (To:, Cc:) of a message get placed on the nosy list?
    # If 'new' is used, then the recipients will only be added when a message
    # creates a new issue. If 'yes', then the recipients will be added on followups
    # too. If 'no', they're never added to the nosy.
    ADD_RECIPIENTS_TO_NOSY = 'new'      # either 'yes', 'no', 'new'

    # Where to place the email signature
    EMAIL_SIGNATURE_POSITION = 'bottom' # one of 'top', 'bottom', 'none'

    # Keep email citations
    EMAIL_KEEP_QUOTED_TEXT = 'no'       # either 'yes' or 'no'

    # Preserve the email body as is
    EMAIL_LEAVE_BODY_UNCHANGED = 'no'   # either 'yes' or 'no'

    # Default class to use in the mailgw if one isn't supplied in email
    # subjects. To disable, comment out the variable below or leave it blank.
    # Examples:
    MAIL_DEFAULT_CLASS = 'issue'   # use "issue" class by default
    #MAIL_DEFAULT_CLASS = ''        # disable (or just comment the var out)

    # Define what index links are available in the header, and what their
    # labels are. Each key is used to look up one of the index specifications
    # below - so 'DEFAULT' will use 'DEFAULT_INDEX'.
    # Where the FILTERSPEC has 'assignedto' with a value of None, it will be
    # replaced by the id of the logged-in user.
    HEADER_INDEX_LINKS = ['DEFAULT', 'UNASSIGNED', 'USER']

    # list the classes that users are able to add nodes to
    HEADER_ADD_LINKS = ['issue']

    # list the classes that users can search
    HEADER_SEARCH_LINKS = ['issue']

    # list search filters per class
    SEARCH_FILTERS = ['ISSUE_FILTER', 'SUPPORT_FILTER']

    # Now the DEFAULT display specification. TODO: describe format
    DEFAULT_INDEX = {
      'LABEL': 'All Issues',
      'CLASS': 'issue',
      'SORT': ['-activity'],
      'GROUP': ['priority'],
      'FILTER': ['status'],
      'COLUMNS': ['id','activity','title','creator','assignedto'],
      'FILTERSPEC': {
        'status': ['-1', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7'],
      },
    }

    # The "unsassigned issues" index
    UNASSIGNED_INDEX = {
      'LABEL': 'Unassigned Issues',
      'CLASS': 'issue',
      'SORT': ['-activity'],
      'GROUP': ['priority'],
      'FILTER': ['status', 'assignedto'],
      'COLUMNS': ['id','activity','title','creator','status'],
      'FILTERSPEC': {
        'status': ['-1', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7'],
        'assignedto': ['-1'],
      },
    }

    # The "my issues" index -- note that the user's id will replace the
    # 'CURRENT USER' value of the "assignedto" filterspec
    USER_INDEX = {
      'LABEL': 'My Issues',
      'CLASS': 'issue',
      'SORT': ['-activity'],
      'GROUP': ['priority'],
      'FILTER': ['status', 'assignedto'],
      'COLUMNS': ['id','activity','title','creator','status'],
      'FILTERSPEC': {
        'status': ['-1', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7'],
        'assignedto': 'CURRENT USER',
      },
    }

    ISSUE_FILTER = {
      'CLASS': 'issue',
      'FILTER': ['status', 'priority', 'assignedto', 'creator']
    }

    SUPPORT_FILTER = {
      'CLASS': 'issue',
      'FILTER': ['status', 'priority', 'assignedto', 'creator']
    }


Instance Schema
---------------

Note: if you modify the schema, you'll most likely need to edit the
      `web interface`_ HTML template files and `detectors`_ to reflect
      your changes.

An instance schema defines what data is stored in the instance's database. The
two schemas shipped with Roundup turn it into a typical software bug tracker
(the extended schema allowing for support issues as well as bugs). Schemas are
defined using Python code. The "classic" schema looks like this::

    pri = Class(db, "priority", name=String(), order=String())
    pri.setkey("name")
    pri.create(name="critical", order="1")
    pri.create(name="urgent", order="2")
    pri.create(name="bug", order="3")
    pri.create(name="feature", order="4")
    pri.create(name="wish", order="5")

    stat = Class(db, "status", name=String(), order=String())
    stat.setkey("name")
    stat.create(name="unread", order="1")
    stat.create(name="deferred", order="2")
    stat.create(name="chatting", order="3")
    stat.create(name="need-eg", order="4")
    stat.create(name="in-progress", order="5")
    stat.create(name="testing", order="6")
    stat.create(name="done-cbb", order="7")
    stat.create(name="resolved", order="8")

    keyword = Class(db, "keyword", name=String())
    keyword.setkey("name")

    user = Class(db, "user", username=String(), password=String(),
        address=String(), realname=String(), phone=String(),
        organisation=String())
    user.setkey("username")
    user.create(username="admin", password=adminpw,
        address=instance_config.ADMIN_EMAIL)

    msg = FileClass(db, "msg", author=Link("user"), recipients=Multilink
        ("user"), date=Date(), summary=String(), files=Multilink("file"))

    file = FileClass(db, "file", name=String(), type=String())

    issue = IssueClass(db, "issue", assignedto=Link("user"),
        topic=Multilink("keyword"), priority=Link("priority"), status=Link
        ("status"))
    issue.setkey('title')

Classes and Properties - creating a new information store
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

In the instance above, we've defined 7 classes of information:

  priority
      Defines the possible levels of urgency for issues.

  status
      Defines the possible states of processing the issue may be in.

  keyword
      Initially empty, will hold keywords useful for searching issues.

  user
      Initially holding the "admin" user, will eventually have an entry for all
      users using roundup.

  msg
      Initially empty, will all e-mail messages sent to or generated by
      roundup.

  file
      Initially empty, will all files attached to issues.

  issue
      Initially emtyp, this is where the issue information is stored.

We define the "priority" and "status" classes to allow two things: reduction in
the amount of information stored on the issue and more powerful, accurate
searching of issues by priority and status. By only requiring a link on the
issue (which is stored as a single number) we reduce the chance that someone
mis-types a priority or status - or simply makes a new one up.

Class and Nodes
:::::::::::::::

A Class defines a particular class (or type) of data that will be stored in the
database. A class comprises one or more properties, which given the information
about the class nodes.
The actual data entered into the database, using class.create() are called
nodes. They have a special immutable property called id. We sometimes refer to
this as the nodeid.

Properties
::::::::::

A Class is comprised of one or more properties of the following types:
    * String properties are for storing arbitrary-length strings.
    * Password properties are for storing encoded arbitrary-length strings. The
      default encoding is defined on the roundup.password.Password class.
    * Date properties store date-and-time stamps. Their values are Timestamp
      objects.
    * A Link property refers to a single other node selected from a specified
      class. The class is part of the property; the value is an integer, the id
      of the chosen node.
    * A Multilink property refers to possibly many nodes in a specified class.
      The value is a list of integers.

FileClass
:::::::::

FileClasses save their "content" attribute off in a separate file from the rest
of the database. This reduces the number of large entries in the database,
which generally makes databases more efficient, and also allows us to use
command-line tools to operate on the files. They are stored in the files sub-
directory of the db directory in your instance.

IssueClass
::::::::::

IssueClasses automatically include the "messages", "files", "nosy", and
"superseder" properties.
The messages and files properties list the links to the messages and files
related to the issue. The nosy property is a list of links to users who wish to
be informed of changes to the issue - they get "CC'ed" e-mails when messages
are sent to or generated by the issue. The nosy reactor (in the detectors
directory) handles this action. The superceder link indicates an issue which
has superceded this one.
They also have the dynamically generated "creation", "activity" and "creator"
properties.
The value of the "creation" property is the date when a node was created, and
the value of the "activity" property is the date when any property on the node
was last edited (equivalently, these are the dates on the first and last
records in the node's journal). The "creator" property holds a link to the user
that created the issue.

setkey(property)
::::::::::::::::

Select a String property of the class to be the key property. The key property
muse be unique, and allows references to the nodes in the class by the content
of the key property. That is, we can refer to users by their username, e.g.
let's say that there's an issue in roundup, issue 23. There's also a user,
richard who happens to be user 2. To assign an issue to him, we could do either
of::

     roundup-admin set issue assignedto=2

or::

     roundup-admin set issue assignedto=richard

Note, the same thing can be done in the web and e-mail interfaces.

create(information)
:::::::::::::::::::

Create a node in the database. This is generally used to create nodes in the
"definitional" classes like "priority" and "status".


Detectors - adding behaviour to your tracker
--------------------------------------------
.. _detectors:

The detectors in your instance fire before (*auditors*) and after (*reactors*)
changes to the contents of your database. They are Python modules that sit in
your instance's ``detectors`` directory. You will have some installed by
default - have a look. You can write new detectors or modify the existing
ones. The existing detectors installed for you are:

**nosyreaction.py**
  This provides the automatic nosy list maintenance and email sending. The nosy
  reactor (``nosyreaction``) fires when new messages are added to issues.
  The nosy auditor (``updatenosy``) fires when issues are changed and figures
  what changes need to be made to the nosy list (like adding new authors etc)
**statusauditor.py**
  This provides the ``chatty`` auditor which changes the issue status from
  ``unread`` or ``closed`` to ``chatting`` if new messages appear. It also
  provides the ``presetunread`` auditor which pre-sets the status to
  ``unread`` on new nodes if the status isn't explicitly defined.

See the detectors section in the `design document`__ for details of the
interface for detectors.

__ design.html

Sample additional detectors that have been found useful will appear in the
``detectors`` directory of the Roundup distribution:

**newissuecopy.py**
  This detector sends an email to a team address whenever a new issue is
  created. The address is hard-coded into the detector, so edit it before you
  use it (look for the text 'team@team.host') or you'll get email errors!


Database Content
----------------

Note: if you modify the content of definitional classes, you'll most likely
       need to edit the instance `detectors`_ to reflect your changes.

Customisation of the special "definitional" classes (eg. status, priority,
resolution, ...) may be done either before or after the instance is
initialised. The actual method of doing so is completely different in each
case though, so be careful to use the right one.

**Changing content before instance initialisation**
    Edit the dbinit module in your instance to alter the nodes created in using
    the create() methods.


**Changing content after instance initialisation**
    Use the roundup-admin interface's create, set and retire methods to add,
    alter or remove nodes from the classes in question.



Web Interface
-------------

The web interface works behind the cgi-bin/roundup.cgi or roundup-server
scripts. In both cases, the scripts determine which instance is being accessed
(the first part of the URL path inside the scope of the CGI handler) and pass
control on to the instance interfaces.Client class which handles the rest of
the access through its main() method. This means that you can do pretty much
anything you want as a web interface to your instance.
Most customisation of the web view can be done by modifying the templates in
the instance html directory. These are divided into index, item and newitem
views. The newitem view is optional - the item view will be used if the newitem
view doesn't exist. The header and footer that wrap the various views give the
pages an overall look.

Repurcussions of changing the instance schema
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you choose to change the `instance schema`_ you will need to ensure the web
interface knows about it:

1. Index, item and filter pages for the relevant classes may need to have
   properties added or removed,
2. The default page header relies on the existence of, and some values of
   the priority, status, assignedto and activity classes. If you change any
   of these (specifically if you remove any of the classes or their default
   values) you will need to implement your own pagehead() method in your
   instance's interfaces.py module.

Overall Look - the Header and Footer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The header and footer are generated by Python code. The default code is in
roundup.cgi_client.Class. This class is mixed-in to your instance through the
instance's interfaces module. This means you can override the header and
footer with your own code. This allows you to use a sidebar navigation scheme,
for example.


Displaying Properties
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Properties appear in the user interface in three contexts: in indices, in
editors, and as filters. For each type of property, there are several display
possibilities. For example, in an index view, a string property may just be
printed as a plain string, but in an editor view, that property should be
displayed in an editable field.

The display of a property is handled by functions in the htmltemplate module.
Displayer functions are triggered by <display> tags in templates. The call
attribute of the tag provides a Python expression for calling the displayer
function. The three standard arguments are inserted in front of the arguments
given. For example, the occurrence of::

         <display call="plain('status')">

in a template triggers a call the "plain" function. The displayer functions can
accept extra arguments to further specify details about the widgets that should
be generated. By defining new displayer functions, the user interface can be
highly customized.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|The displayer functions are                                                  |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|plain    |Display a String property directly.                                |
|         |Display a Date property in a specified time zone with an option to |
|         |omit the time from the date stamp.                                 |
|         |For a Link or Multilink property, display the key strings of the   |
|         |linked nodes (or the ids if the linked class has no key property). |
|         |Options:                                                           |
|         |escape (boolean) - HTML-escape the resulting text.                 |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|field    |Display a property like the plain displayer above, but in a form   |
|         |field to be edited. Strings, Dates and Intervals use TEXT fields,  |
|         |Links use SELECT fields and Multilinks use SELECT MULTIPLE fields. |
|         |Options:                                                           |
|         |size (number) - width of TEXT fields.                              |
|         |height (number) - number of nows in SELECT MULTIPLE tags.          |
|         |showid (boolean) - true includes the id of linked nodes in the     |
|         |SELECT MULTIPLE fields.                                            |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|menu     |For a Links and Multilinks, display the same field as would be     |
|         |generated using field.                                             |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|link     |For a Link or Multilink property, display the names of the linked  |
|         |nodes, hyperlinked to the item views on those nodes.               |
|         |For other properties, link to this node with the property as the   |
|         |text.                                                              |
|         |Options:                                                           |
|         |property (property name) - the property to use in the second case. |
|         |showid - use the linked node id as the link text (linked node      |
|         |"value" will be set as a tooltip)                                  |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|count    |For a Multilink property, display a count of the number of links in|
|         |the list.                                                          |
|         |Arguments:                                                         |
|         |property (property name) - the property to use.                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|reldate  |Display a Date property in terms of an interval relative to the    |
|         |current date (e.g. "+ 3w", "- 2d").                                |
|         |Arguments:                                                         |
|         |property (property name) - the property to use.                    |
|         |Options:                                                           |
|         |pretty (boolean) - display the relative date in an English form.   |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|download |For a Link or Multilink property, display the names of the linked  |
|         |nodes, hyperlinked to the item views on those nodes.               |
|         |For other properties, link to this node with the property as the   |
|         |text.                                                              |
|         |In all cases, append the name (key property) of the item to the    |
|         |path so it is the name of the file being downloaded.               |
|         |Arguments:                                                         |
|         |property (property name) - the property to use.                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|checklist|For a Link or Multilink property, display checkboxes for the       |
|         |available choices to permit filtering.                             |
|         |Arguments:                                                         |
|         |property (property name) - the property to use.                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|note     |Display the special notes field, which is a text area for entering |
|         |a note to go along with a change.                                  |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|list     |List the nodes specified by property using the standard index for  |
|         |the class.                                                         |
|         |Arguments:                                                         |
|         |property (property name) - the property to use.                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|history  |List the history of the item.                                      |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|submit   |Add a submit button for the item.                                  |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+


Index Views
~~~~~~~~~~~

An index view contains two sections: a filter section and an index section. The
filter section provides some widgets for selecting which items appear in the
index. The index section is a table of items.

Index View Specifiers
:::::::::::::::::::::

An index view specifier (URL fragment) looks like this (whitespace has been
added for clarity)::

     /issue?status=unread,in-progress,resolved&
             topic=security,ui&
             :group=+priority&
             :sort=-activity&
             :filters=status,topic&
             :columns=title,status,fixer

The index view is determined by two parts of the specifier: the layout part and
the filter part. The layout part consists of the query parameters that begin
with colons, and it determines the way that the properties of selected nodes
are displayed. The filter part consists of all the other query parameters, and
it determines the criteria by which nodes are selected for display.
The filter part is interactively manipulated with the form widgets displayed in
the filter section. The layout part is interactively manipulated by clicking on
the column headings in the table.

The filter part selects the union of the sets of items with values matching any
specified Link properties and the intersection of the sets of items with values
matching any specified Multilink properties.

The example specifies an index of "issue" nodes. Only items with a "status" of
either "unread" or "in-progres" or "resolved" are displayed, and only items
with "topic" values including both "security" and "ui" are displayed. The items
are grouped by priority, arranged in ascending order; and within groups, sorted
by activity, arranged in descending order. The filter section shows filters for
the "status" and "topic" properties, and the table includes columns for the
"title", "status", and "fixer" properties.

Associated with each item class is a default layout specifier. The layout
specifier in the above example is the default layout to be provided with the
default bug-tracker schema described above in section 4.4.

Filter Section
::::::::::::::

The template for a filter section provides the filtering widgets at the top of
the index view. Fragments enclosed in <property>...</property> tags are
included or omitted depending on whether the view specifier requests a filter
for a particular property.

A property must appear in the filter template for it to be available as a
filter.

Here's a simple example of a filter template.::

     <property name=status>
         <display call="checklist('status')">
     </property>
     <br>
     <property name=priority>
         <display call="checklist('priority')">
     </property>
     <br>
     <property name=fixer>
         <display call="menu('fixer')">
     </property>

The standard index generation code appends a section to the index pages which
allows selection of the filters - from those which are defined in the filter
template.

Index Section
:::::::::::::

The template for an index section describes one row of the index table.
Fragments enclosed in <property>...</property> tags are included or omitted
depending on whether the view specifier requests a column for a particular
property. The table cells should contain <display> tags to display the values
of the item's properties.

Here's a simple example of an index template.::

     <tr>
         <property name=title>
             <td><display call="plain('title', max=50)"></td>
         </property>
         <property name=status>
             <td><display call="plain('status')"></td>
         </property>
         <property name=fixer>
             <td><display call="plain('fixer')"></td>
         </property>
     </tr>

Sorting
:::::::

String and Date values are sorted in the natural way. Link properties are
sorted according to the value of the "order" property on the linked nodes if it
is present; or otherwise on the key string of the linked nodes; or finally on
the node ids. Multilink properties are sorted according to how many links are
present.

Item Views
~~~~~~~~~~

An item view contains an editor section and a spool section. At the top of an
item view, links to superseding and superseded items are always displayed.

Editor Section
::::::::::::::

The editor section is generated from a template containing <display> tags to
insert the appropriate widgets for editing properties.

Here's an example of a basic editor template.::

     <table>
     <tr>
         <td colspan=2>
             <display call="field('title', size=60)">
         </td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
         <td>
             <display call="field('fixer', size=30)">
         </td>
         <td>
             <display call="menu('status')>
         </td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
         <td>
             <display call="field('nosy', size=30)">
         </td>
         <td>
             <display call="menu('priority')>
         </td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
         <td colspan=2>
             <display call="note()">
         </td>
     </tr>
     </table>

As shown in the example, the editor template can also request the display of a
"note" field, which is a text area for entering a note to go along with a
change.

The <property> tag used in the index may also be used here - it checks to see
if the nominated Multilink property has any entries. This can be used to
eliminate sections of the editor section if the property has no entries::

  <td class="form-text">
    <display call="field('superseder', size=40, showid=1)">
    <display call="classhelp('issue', 'id,title', label='list', width=500)">
    <property name="superseder">
      <br>View: <display call="link('superseder', showid=1)">
    </property>
  </td>

The "View: " part with the links will only display if the superseder property
has values.

When a change is submitted, the system automatically generates a message
describing the changed properties.

If a note is given in the "note" field, the note is appended to the
description. The message is then added to the item's message spool (thus
triggering the standard detector to react by sending out this message to the
nosy list).

The message also displays all of the property values on the item and indicates
which ones have changed. An example of such a message might be this::

     Polly's taken a turn for the worse - this is now really important!
     -----
     title: Polly Parrot is dead
     priority: critical
     status: unread -> in-progress
     fixer: terry
     keywords: parrot,plumage,perch,nailed,dead

Spool Section
:::::::::::::

The spool section lists messages in the item's "messages" property. The index
of messages displays the "date", "author", and "summary" properties on the
message nodes, and selecting a message takes you to its content.

The <property> tag used in the index may also be used here - it checks to see
if the nominated Multilink property has any entries. This can be used to
eliminate sections of the spool section if the property has no entries::

     <property name="files">
      <tr class="strong-header">
       <td><b>Files</b></td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
       <td><display call="list('files')"></td>
      </tr>
     </property>


Security
--------

A set of Permissions are built in to the security module by default:

- Edit (everything)
- View (everything)

The default interfaces define:

- Web Registration
- Email Registration

These are hooked into the default Roles:

- Admin (Edit everything, View everything)
- User ()
- Anonymous (Web Registration, Email Registration)

And finally, the "admin" user gets the "Admin" Role, and the "anonymous" user
gets the "Anonymous" assigned when the database is initialised on installation.
The two default schemas then define:

- Edit issue, View issue (both)
- Edit file, View file (both)
- Edit msg, View msg (both)
- Edit support, View support (extended only)

and assign those Permissions to the "User" Role. New users are assigned the
Roles defined in the config file as:

- NEW_WEB_USER_ROLES
- NEW_EMAIL_USER_ROLES

You may alter the configuration variables to change the Role that new web or
email users get, for example to not give them access to the web interface if
they register through email.


-----------------

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