1 lockfile API
2 ============
4 The lockfile API serves two purposes:
6 * Mutual exclusion. When we write out a new index file, first
7 we create a new file `$GIT_DIR/index.lock`, write the new
8 contents into it, and rename it to the final destination
9 `$GIT_DIR/index`. We try to create the `$GIT_DIR/index.lock`
10 file with O_EXCL so that we can notice and fail when somebody
11 else is already trying to update the index file.
13 * Automatic cruft removal. After we create the "lock" file, we
14 may decide to `die()`, and we would want to make sure that we
15 remove the file that has not been committed to its final
16 destination. This is done by remembering the lockfiles we
17 created in a linked list and cleaning them up from an
18 `atexit(3)` handler. Outstanding lockfiles are also removed
19 when the program dies on a signal.
22 The functions
23 -------------
25 hold_lock_file_for_update::
27 Take a pointer to `struct lock_file`, the filename of
28 the final destination (e.g. `$GIT_DIR/index`) and a flag
29 `die_on_error`. Attempt to create a lockfile for the
30 destination and return the file descriptor for writing
31 to the file. If `die_on_error` flag is true, it dies if
32 a lock is already taken for the file; otherwise it
33 returns a negative integer to the caller on failure.
35 commit_lock_file::
37 Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
38 with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
39 close the file descriptor and rename the lockfile to its
40 final destination. Returns 0 upon success, a negative
41 value on failure to close(2) or rename(2).
43 rollback_lock_file::
45 Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
46 with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
47 close the file descriptor and remove the lockfile.
49 close_lock_file::
50 Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
51 with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
52 and close the file descriptor. Returns 0 upon success,
53 a negative value on failure to close(2).
55 Because the structure is used in an `atexit(3)` handler, its
56 storage has to stay throughout the life of the program. It
57 cannot be an auto variable allocated on the stack.
59 Call `commit_lock_file()` or `rollback_lock_file()` when you are
60 done writing to the file descriptor. If you do not call either
61 and simply `exit(3)` from the program, an `atexit(3)` handler
62 will close and remove the lockfile.
64 If you need to close the file descriptor you obtained from
65 `hold_lock_file_for_update` function yourself, do so by calling
66 `close_lock_file()`. You should never call `close(2)` yourself!
67 Otherwise the `struct
68 lock_file` structure still remembers that the file descriptor
69 needs to be closed, and a later call to `commit_lock_file()` or
70 `rollback_lock_file()` will result in duplicate calls to
71 `close(2)`. Worse yet, if you `close(2)`, open another file
72 descriptor for completely different purpose, and then call
73 `commit_lock_file()` or `rollback_lock_file()`, they may close
74 that unrelated file descriptor.