1 gitrepository-layout(5)
2 =======================
4 NAME
5 ----
6 gitrepository-layout - Git Repository Layout
8 SYNOPSIS
9 --------
10 $GIT_DIR/*
12 DESCRIPTION
13 -----------
15 You may find these things in your git repository (`.git`
16 directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or
17 `<project>.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository. It is
18 also possible to have a working tree where `.git` is a plain
19 ascii file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the
20 real git repository).
22 objects::
23 Object store associated with this repository. Usually
24 an object store is self sufficient (i.e. all the objects
25 that are referred to by an object found in it are also
26 found in it), but there are couple of ways to violate
27 it.
28 +
29 . You could populate the repository by running a commit walker
30 without `-a` option. Depending on which options are given, you
31 could have only commit objects without associated blobs and
32 trees this way, for example. A repository with this kind of
33 incomplete object store is not suitable to be published to the
34 outside world but sometimes useful for private repository.
35 . You also could have an incomplete but locally usable repository
36 by cloning shallowly. See linkgit:git-clone[1].
37 . You can be using `objects/info/alternates` mechanism, or
38 `$GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES` mechanism to 'borrow'
39 objects from other object stores. A repository with this kind
40 of incomplete object store is not suitable to be published for
41 use with dumb transports but otherwise is OK as long as
42 `objects/info/alternates` points at the right object stores
43 it borrows from.
45 objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]::
46 Traditionally, each object is stored in its own file.
47 They are split into 256 subdirectories using the first
48 two letters from its object name to keep the number of
49 directory entries `objects` directory itself needs to
50 hold. Objects found here are often called 'unpacked'
51 (or 'loose') objects.
53 objects/pack::
54 Packs (files that store many object in compressed form,
55 along with index files to allow them to be randomly
56 accessed) are found in this directory.
58 objects/info::
59 Additional information about the object store is
60 recorded in this directory.
62 objects/info/packs::
63 This file is to help dumb transports discover what packs
64 are available in this object store. Whenever a pack is
65 added or removed, `git update-server-info` should be run
66 to keep this file up-to-date if the repository is
67 published for dumb transports. `git repack` does this
68 by default.
70 objects/info/alternates::
71 This file records paths to alternate object stores that
72 this object store borrows objects from, one pathname per
73 line. Note that not only native Git tools use it locally,
74 but the HTTP fetcher also tries to use it remotely; this
75 will usually work if you have relative paths (relative
76 to the object database, not to the repository!) in your
77 alternates file, but it will not work if you use absolute
78 paths unless the absolute path in filesystem and web URL
79 is the same. See also 'objects/info/http-alternates'.
81 objects/info/http-alternates::
82 This file records URLs to alternate object stores that
83 this object store borrows objects from, to be used when
84 the repository is fetched over HTTP.
86 refs::
87 References are stored in subdirectories of this
88 directory. The `git prune` command knows to keep
89 objects reachable from refs found in this directory and
90 its subdirectories.
92 refs/heads/`name`::
93 records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch `name`
95 refs/tags/`name`::
96 records any object name (not necessarily a commit
97 object, or a tag object that points at a commit object).
99 refs/remotes/`name`::
100 records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied
101 from a remote repository.
103 packed-refs::
104 records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/,
105 and friends record in a more efficient way. See
106 linkgit:git-pack-refs[1].
108 HEAD::
109 A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace
110 describing the currently active branch. It does not mean
111 much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
112 (i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid git repository
113 *must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
114 guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
115 (usually 'master'). It is legal if the named branch
116 'name' does not (yet) exist. In some legacy setups, it is
117 a symbolic link instead of a symref that points at the current
118 branch.
119 +
120 HEAD can also record a specific commit directly, instead of
121 being a symref to point at the current branch. Such a state
122 is often called 'detached HEAD', and almost all commands work
123 identically as normal. See linkgit:git-checkout[1] for
124 details.
126 branches::
127 A slightly deprecated way to store shorthands to be used
128 to specify URL to `git fetch`, `git pull` and `git push`
129 commands is to store a file in `branches/<name>` and
130 give 'name' to these commands in place of 'repository'
131 argument.
133 hooks::
134 Hooks are customization scripts used by various git
135 commands. A handful of sample hooks are installed when
136 `git init` is run, but all of them are disabled by
137 default. To enable, they need to be made executable.
138 Read linkgit:githooks[5][hooks] for more details about
139 each hook.
141 index::
142 The current index file for the repository. It is
143 usually not found in a bare repository.
145 info::
146 Additional information about the repository is recorded
147 in this directory.
149 info/refs::
150 This file helps dumb transports discover what refs are
151 available in this repository. If the repository is
152 published for dumb transports, this file should be
153 regenerated by `git update-server-info` every time a tag
154 or branch is created or modified. This is normally done
155 from the `hooks/update` hook, which is run by the
156 `git-receive-pack` command when you `git push` into the
157 repository.
159 info/grafts::
160 This file records fake commit ancestry information, to
161 pretend the set of parents a commit has is different
162 from how the commit was actually created. One record
163 per line describes a commit and its fake parents by
164 listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated
165 by a space and terminated by a newline.
167 info/exclude::
168 This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
169 exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory
170 ignore file. `git status`, `git add`, `git rm` and `git
171 clean` look at it but the core git commands do not look
172 at it. See also: linkgit:gitignore[5].
174 remotes::
175 Stores shorthands to be used to give URL and default
176 refnames to interact with remote repository to `git
177 fetch`, `git pull` and `git push` commands.
179 logs::
180 Records of changes made to refs are stored in this
181 directory. See the documentation on git-update-ref
182 for more information.
184 logs/refs/heads/`name`::
185 Records all changes made to the branch tip named `name`.
187 logs/refs/tags/`name`::
188 Records all changes made to the tag named `name`.
190 shallow::
191 This is similar to `info/grafts` but is internally used
192 and maintained by shallow clone mechanism. See `--depth`
193 option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1].
195 SEE ALSO
196 --------
197 linkgit:git-init[1],
198 linkgit:git-clone[1],
199 linkgit:git-fetch[1],
200 linkgit:git-pack-refs[1],
201 linkgit:git-gc[1],
202 linkgit:git-checkout[1],
203 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
204 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
206 GIT
207 ---
208 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite.