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[git.git] / Documentation / git.txt
1 git(7)
2 ======
4 NAME
5 ----
6 git - the stupid content tracker
9 SYNOPSIS
10 --------
11 'git-<command>' <args>
13 DESCRIPTION
14 -----------
16 This is reference information for the core git commands.
18 Before reading this cover to cover, you may want to take a look
19 at the link:tutorial.html[tutorial] document.
21 The <<Discussion>> section below contains much useful definition and
22 clarification info - read that first.  And of the commands, I suggest
23 reading gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
24 gitlink:git-read-tree[1] first - I wish I had!
26 If you are migrating from CVS, link:cvs-migration.html[cvs migration]
27 document may be helpful after you finish the tutorial.
29 After you get the general feel from the tutorial and this
30 overview page, you may want to take a look at the
31 link:howto-index.html[howto] documents.
34 David Greaves <david@dgreaves.com>
35 08/05/05
37 Updated by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> on 2005-05-05 to
38 reflect recent changes.
40 Commands Overview
41 -----------------
42 The git commands can helpfully be split into those that manipulate
43 the repository, the cache and the working fileset, those that
44 interrogate and compare them, and those that moves objects and
45 references between repositories.
47 In addition, git itself comes with a spartan set of porcelain
48 commands.  They are usable but are not meant to compete with real
49 Porcelains.
51 There are also some ancillary programs that can be viewed as useful
52 aids for using the core commands but which are unlikely to be used by
53 SCMs layered over git.
55 Manipulation commands
56 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
57 gitlink:git-apply[1]::
58         Reads a "diff -up1" or git generated patch file and
59         applies it to the working tree.
61 gitlink:git-checkout-index[1]::
62         Copy files from the cache to the working directory
63         Previously this command was known as git-checkout-cache.
65 gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]::
66         Creates a new commit object
68 gitlink:git-hash-object[1]::
69         Computes the object ID from a file.
71 gitlink:git-init-db[1]::
72         Creates an empty git object database
74 gitlink:git-merge-index[1]::
75         Runs a merge for files needing merging
76         Previously this command was known as git-merge-cache.
78 gitlink:git-mktag[1]::
79         Creates a tag object
81 gitlink:git-pack-objects[1]::
82         Creates a packed archive of objects.
84 gitlink:git-prune-packed[1]::
85         Remove extra objects that are already in pack files.
87 gitlink:git-read-tree[1]::
88         Reads tree information into the directory cache
90 gitlink:git-unpack-objects[1]::
91         Unpacks objects out of a packed archive.
93 gitlink:git-update-index[1]::
94         Modifies the index or directory cache
95         Previously this command was known as git-update-cache.
97 gitlink:git-write-tree[1]::
98         Creates a tree from the current cache
101 Interrogation commands
102 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
104 gitlink:git-cat-file[1]::
105         Provide content or type information for repository objects
107 gitlink:git-diff-index[1]::
108         Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository
109         Previously this command was known as git-diff-cache.
111 gitlink:git-diff-files[1]::
112         Compares files in the working tree and the cache
114 gitlink:git-diff-stages[1]::
115         Compares two "merge stages" in the index file.
117 gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]::
118         Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
120 gitlink:git-fsck-objects[1]::
121         Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database
122         Previously this command was known as git-fsck-cache.
124 gitlink:git-ls-files[1]::
125         Information about files in the cache/working directory
127 gitlink:git-ls-tree[1]::
128         Displays a tree object in human readable form
130 gitlink:git-merge-base[1]::
131         Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge
133 gitlink:git-rev-list[1]::
134         Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
136 gitlink:git-show-index[1]::
137         Displays contents of a pack idx file.
139 gitlink:git-tar-tree[1]::
140         Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree
142 gitlink:git-unpack-file[1]::
143         Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents
145 gitlink:git-var[1]::
146         Displays a git logical variable
148 gitlink:git-verify-pack[1]::
149         Validates packed GIT archive files
151 The interrogate commands may create files - and you can force them to
152 touch the working file set - but in general they don't
155 Synching repositories
156 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
158 gitlink:git-clone-pack[1]::
159         Clones a repository into the current repository (engine
160         for ssh and local transport)
162 gitlink:git-fetch-pack[1]::
163         Updates from a remote repository.
165 gitlink:git-http-fetch[1]::
166         Downloads a remote GIT repository via HTTP
167         Previously this command was known as git-http-pull.
169 gitlink:git-local-fetch[1]::
170         Duplicates another GIT repository on a local system
171         Previously this command was known as git-local-pull.
173 gitlink:git-peek-remote[1]::
174         Lists references on a remote repository using upload-pack protocol.
176 gitlink:git-receive-pack[1]::
177         Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it.
179 gitlink:git-send-pack[1]::
180         Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently.
182 gitlink:git-ssh-fetch[1]::
183         Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
184         Previously this command was known as git-ssh-pull.
186 gitlink:git-ssh-upload[1]::
187         Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-fetch
188         Previously this command was known as git-ssh-push.
190 gitlink:git-update-server-info[1]::
191         Updates auxiliary information on a dumb server to help
192         clients discover references and packs on it.
194 gitlink:git-upload-pack[1]::
195         Invoked by 'git-clone-pack' and 'git-fetch-pack' to push
196         what are asked for.
199 Porcelain-ish Commands
200 ----------------------
202 gitlink:git-add[1]::
203         Add paths to the index file.
204         Previously this command was known as git-add-script.
206 gitlink:git-applymbox[1]::
207         Apply patches from a mailbox.
209 gitlink:git-bisect[1]::
210         Find the change that introduced a bug.
211         Previously this command was known as git-bisect-script.
213 gitlink:git-branch[1]::
214         Create and Show branches.
215         Previously this command was known as git-branch-script.
217 gitlink:git-checkout[1]::
218         Checkout and switch to a branch.
219         Previously this command was known as git-checkout-script.
221 gitlink:git-cherry-pick[1]::
222         Cherry-pick the effect of an existing commit.
223         Previously this command was known as git-cherry-pick-script.
225 gitlink:git-clone[1]::
226         Clones a repository into a new directory.
227         Previously this command was known as git-clone-script.
229 gitlink:git-commit[1]::
230         Record changes to the repository.
231         Previously this command was known as git-commit-script.
233 gitlink:git-diff[1]::
234         Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.
235         Previously this command was known as git-diff-script.
237 gitlink:git-fetch[1]::
238         Download from a remote repository via various protocols.
239         Previously this command was known as git-fetch-script.
241 gitlink:git-format-patch[1]::
242         Prepare patches for e-mail submission.
243         Previously this command was known as git-format-patch-script.
245 gitlink:git-grep[1]::
246         Print lines matching a pattern
248 gitlink:git-log[1]::
249         Shows commit logs.
250         Previously this command was known as git-log-script.
252 gitlink:git-ls-remote[1]::
253         Shows references in a remote or local repository.
254         Previously this command was known as git-ls-remote-script.
256 gitlink:git-merge[1]::
257         Grand unified merge driver.
259 gitlink:git-octopus[1]::
260         Merge more than two commits.
261         Previously this command was known as git-octopus-script.
263 gitlink:git-pull[1]::
264         Fetch from and merge with a remote repository.
265         Previously this command was known as git-pull-script.
267 gitlink:git-push[1]::
268         Update remote refs along with associated objects.
269         Previously this command was known as git-push-script.
271 gitlink:git-rebase[1]::
272         Rebase local commits to new upstream head.
273         Previously this command was known as git-rebase-script.
275 gitlink:git-rename[1]::
276         Rename files and directories.
277         Previously this command was known as git-rename-script.
279 gitlink:git-repack[1]::
280         Pack unpacked objects in a repository.
281         Previously this command was known as git-repack-script.
283 gitlink:git-reset[1]::
284         Reset current HEAD to the specified state.
285         Previously this command was known as git-reset-script.
287 gitlink:git-resolve[1]::
288         Merge two commits.
289         Previously this command was known as git-resolve-script.
291 gitlink:git-revert[1]::
292         Revert an existing commit.
293         Previously this command was known as git-revert-script.
295 gitlink:git-shortlog[1]::
296         Summarizes 'git log' output.
298 gitlink:git-show-branch[1]::
299         Show branches and their commits.
301 gitlink:git-status[1]::
302         Shows the working tree status.
303         Previously this command was known as git-status-script.
305 gitlink:git-verify-tag[1]::
306         Check the GPG signature of tag.
307         Previously this command was known as git-verify-tag-script.
309 gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]::
310         Shows commit logs and differences they introduce.
313 Ancillary Commands
314 ------------------
315 Manipulators:
317 gitlink:git-applypatch[1]::
318         Apply one patch extracted from an e-mail.
320 gitlink:git-archimport[1]::
321         Import an arch repository into git.
322         Previously this command was known as git-archimport-script.
324 gitlink:git-convert-objects[1]::
325         Converts old-style GIT repository
326         Previously this command was known as git-convert-cache.
328 gitlink:git-cvsimport[1]::
329         Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate.
330         Previously this command was known as git-cvsimport-script.
332 gitlink:git-merge-one-file[1]::
333         The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-index"
334         Previously this command was known as git-merge-one-file-script.
336 gitlink:git-prune[1]::
337         Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database
338         Previously this command was known as git-prune-script.
340 gitlink:git-relink[1]::
341         Hardlink common objects in local repositories.
342         Previously this command was known as git-relink-script.
344 gitlink:git-sh-setup[1]::
345         Common git shell script setup code.
346         Previously this command was known as git-sh-setup-script.
348 gitlink:git-tag[1]::
349         An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG
350         Previously this command was known as git-tag-script.
353 Interrogators:
355 gitlink:git-cherry[1]::
356         Find commits not merged upstream.
358 gitlink:git-count-objects[1]::
359         Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.
360         Previously this command was known as git-count-objects-script.
362 gitlink:git-daemon[1]::
363         A really simple server for GIT repositories.
365 gitlink:git-get-tar-commit-id[1]::
366         Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-tar-tree.
368 gitlink:git-mailinfo[1]::
369         Extracts patch from a single e-mail message.
371 gitlink:git-mailsplit[1]::
372         git-mailsplit.
374 gitlink:git-patch-id[1]::
375         Compute unique ID for a patch.
377 gitlink:git-parse-remote[1]::
378         Routines to help parsing $GIT_DIR/remotes/
379         Previously this command was known as git-parse-remote-script.
381 gitlink:git-request-pull[1]::
382         git-request-pull.
383         Previously this command was known as git-request-pull-script.
385 gitlink:git-rev-parse[1]::
386         Pick out and massage parameters.
388 gitlink:git-send-email[1]::
389         Send patch e-mails out of "format-patch --mbox" output.
390         Previously this command was known as git-send-email-script.
392 gitlink:git-stripspace[1]::
393         Filter out empty lines.
396 Commands not yet documented
397 ---------------------------
399 gitlink:gitk[1]::
400         gitk.
403 Identifier Terminology
404 ----------------------
405 <object>::
406         Indicates the sha1 identifier for any type of object
408 <blob>::
409         Indicates a blob object sha1 identifier
411 <tree>::
412         Indicates a tree object sha1 identifier
414 <commit>::
415         Indicates a commit object sha1 identifier
417 <tree-ish>::
418         Indicates a tree, commit or tag object sha1 identifier.  A
419         command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
420         operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
421         <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
423 <type>::
424         Indicates that an object type is required.
425         Currently one of: blob/tree/commit/tag
427 <file>::
428         Indicates a filename - always relative to the root of
429         the tree structure GIT_INDEX_FILE describes.
431 Symbolic Identifiers
432 --------------------
433 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
434 symbolic notation:
436 HEAD::
437         indicates the head of the repository (ie the contents of
438         `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`)
439 <tag>::
440         a valid tag 'name'+
441         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`)
442 <head>::
443         a valid head 'name'+
444         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`)
445 <snap>::
446         a valid snapshot 'name'+
447         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/snap/<snap>`)
450 File/Directory Structure
451 ------------------------
453 Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
455 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
456 GIT_DIR.
459 Terminology
460 -----------
461 Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
464 Environment Variables
465 ---------------------
466 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
468 The git Repository
469 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
470 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
471 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
472 git so take care if using Cogito etc
474 'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
475         This environment allows the specification of an alternate
476         cache/index file. If not specified, the default of
477         `$GIT_DIR/index` is used.
479 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
480         If the object storage directory is specified via this
481         environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
482         underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
483         directory is used.
485 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
486         Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
487         archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
488         specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
489         can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
490         written to these directories.
492 'GIT_DIR'::
493         If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it specifies
494         a path to use instead of `./.git` for the base of the
495         repository.
497 git Commits
498 ~~~~~~~~~~~
499 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
500 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
501 'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
502 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
503 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
504         see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
506 git Diffs
507 ~~~~~~~~~
508 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
509 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
510         see the "generating patches" section in :
511         gitlink:git-diff-index[1];
512         gitlink:git-diff-files[1];
513         gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]
515 Discussion[[Discussion]]
516 ------------------------
517 include::../README[]
519 Author
520 ------
521 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
523 Documentation
524 --------------
525 Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
527 GIT
528 ---
529 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite