Code

[PATCH] Documentation: Update all files to use the new gitlink: macro
[git.git] / Documentation / git.txt
1 git(7)
2 ======
3 v0.99.6, Sep 2005
5 NAME
6 ----
7 git - the stupid content tracker
10 SYNOPSIS
11 --------
12 'git-<command>' <args>
14 DESCRIPTION
15 -----------
17 This is reference information for the core git commands.
19 Before reading this cover to cover, you may want to take a look
20 at the link:tutorial.html[tutorial] document.
22 The <<Discussion>> section below contains much useful definition and
23 clarification info - read that first.  And of the commands, I suggest
24 reading gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
25 gitlink:git-read-tree[1] first - I wish I had!
27 If you are migrating from CVS, link:cvs-migration.html[cvs migration]
28 document may be helpful after you finish the tutorial.
30 After you get the general feel from the tutorial and this
31 overview page, you may want to take a look at the
32 link:howto-index.html[howto] documents.
35 David Greaves <david@dgreaves.com>
36 08/05/05
38 Updated by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> on 2005-05-05 to
39 reflect recent changes.
41 Commands Overview
42 -----------------
43 The git commands can helpfully be split into those that manipulate
44 the repository, the cache and the working fileset, those that
45 interrogate and compare them, and those that moves objects and
46 references between repositories.
48 In addition, git itself comes with a spartan set of porcelain
49 commands.  They are usable but are not meant to compete with real
50 Porcelains.
52 There are also some ancillary programs that can be viewed as useful
53 aids for using the core commands but which are unlikely to be used by
54 SCMs layered over git.
56 Manipulation commands
57 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
58 gitlink:git-apply[1]::
59         Reads a "diff -up1" or git generated patch file and
60         applies it to the working tree.
62 gitlink:git-checkout-index[1]::
63         Copy files from the cache to the working directory
64         Previously this command was known as git-checkout-cache.
66 gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]::
67         Creates a new commit object
69 gitlink:git-hash-object[1]::
70         Computes the object ID from a file.
72 gitlink:git-init-db[1]::
73         Creates an empty git object database
75 gitlink:git-merge-index[1]::
76         Runs a merge for files needing merging
77         Previously this command was known as git-merge-cache.
79 gitlink:git-mktag[1]::
80         Creates a tag object
82 gitlink:git-pack-objects[1]::
83         Creates a packed archive of objects.
85 gitlink:git-prune-packed[1]::
86         Remove extra objects that are already in pack files.
88 gitlink:git-read-tree[1]::
89         Reads tree information into the directory cache
91 gitlink:git-unpack-objects[1]::
92         Unpacks objects out of a packed archive.
94 gitlink:git-update-index[1]::
95         Modifies the index or directory cache
96         Previously this command was known as git-update-cache.
98 gitlink:git-write-tree[1]::
99         Creates a tree from the current cache
102 Interrogation commands
103 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
105 gitlink:git-cat-file[1]::
106         Provide content or type information for repository objects
108 gitlink:git-diff-index[1]::
109         Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository
110         Previously this command was known as git-diff-cache.
112 gitlink:git-diff-files[1]::
113         Compares files in the working tree and the cache
115 gitlink:git-diff-stages[1]::
116         Compares two "merge stages" in the index file.
118 gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]::
119         Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
121 gitlink:git-export[1]::
122         Exports each commit and a diff against each of its parents
124 gitlink:git-fsck-objects[1]::
125         Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database
126         Previously this command was known as git-fsck-cache.
128 gitlink:git-ls-files[1]::
129         Information about files in the cache/working directory
131 gitlink:git-ls-tree[1]::
132         Displays a tree object in human readable form
134 gitlink:git-merge-base[1]::
135         Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge
137 gitlink:git-rev-list[1]::
138         Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
140 gitlink:git-rev-tree[1]::
141         Provides the revision tree for one or more commits
143 gitlink:git-show-index[1]::
144         Displays contents of a pack idx file.
146 gitlink:git-tar-tree[1]::
147         Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree
149 gitlink:git-unpack-file[1]::
150         Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents
152 gitlink:git-var[1]::
153         Displays a git logical variable
155 gitlink:git-verify-pack[1]::
156         Validates packed GIT archive files
158 The interrogate commands may create files - and you can force them to
159 touch the working file set - but in general they don't
162 Synching repositories
163 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
165 gitlink:git-clone-pack[1]::
166         Clones a repository into the current repository (engine
167         for ssh and local transport)
169 gitlink:git-fetch-pack[1]::
170         Updates from a remote repository.
172 gitlink:git-http-fetch[1]::
173         Downloads a remote GIT repository via HTTP
174         Previously this command was known as git-http-pull.
176 gitlink:git-local-fetch[1]::
177         Duplicates another GIT repository on a local system
178         Previously this command was known as git-local-pull.
180 gitlink:git-peek-remote[1]::
181         Lists references on a remote repository using upload-pack protocol.
183 gitlink:git-receive-pack[1]::
184         Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it.
186 gitlink:git-send-pack[1]::
187         Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently.
189 gitlink:git-ssh-fetch[1]::
190         Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
191         Previously this command was known as git-ssh-pull.
193 gitlink:git-ssh-upload[1]::
194         Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-fetch
195         Previously this command was known as git-ssh-push.
197 gitlink:git-update-server-info[1]::
198         Updates auxiliary information on a dumb server to help
199         clients discover references and packs on it.
201 gitlink:git-upload-pack[1]::
202         Invoked by 'git-clone-pack' and 'git-fetch-pack' to push
203         what are asked for.
206 Porcelain-ish Commands
207 ----------------------
209 gitlink:git-add[1]::
210         Add paths to the index file.
211         Previously this command was known as git-add-script.
213 gitlink:git-applymbox[1]::
214         Apply patches from a mailbox.
216 gitlink:git-bisect[1]::
217         Find the change that introduced a bug.
218         Previously this command was known as git-bisect-script.
220 gitlink:git-branch[1]::
221         Create and Show branches.
222         Previously this command was known as git-branch-script.
224 gitlink:git-checkout[1]::
225         Checkout and switch to a branch.
226         Previously this command was known as git-checkout-script.
228 gitlink:git-cherry-pick[1]::
229         Cherry-pick the effect of an existing commit.
230         Previously this command was known as git-cherry-pick-script.
232 gitlink:git-clone[1]::
233         Clones a repository into a new directory.
234         Previously this command was known as git-clone-script.
236 gitlink:git-commit[1]::
237         Record changes to the repository.
238         Previously this command was known as git-commit-script.
240 gitlink:git-diff[1]::
241         Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.
242         Previously this command was known as git-diff-script.
244 gitlink:git-fetch[1]::
245         Download from a remote repository via various protocols.
246         Previously this command was known as git-fetch-script.
248 gitlink:git-format-patch[1]::
249         Prepare patches for e-mail submission.
250         Previously this command was known as git-format-patch-script.
252 gitlink:git-grep[1]::
253         Print lines matching a pattern
255 gitlink:git-log[1]::
256         Shows commit logs.
257         Previously this command was known as git-log-script.
259 gitlink:git-ls-remote[1]::
260         Shows references in a remote or local repository.
261         Previously this command was known as git-ls-remote-script.
263 gitlink:git-merge[1]::
264         Grand unified merge driver.
266 gitlink:git-octopus[1]::
267         Merge more than two commits.
268         Previously this command was known as git-octopus-script.
270 gitlink:git-pull[1]::
271         Fetch from and merge with a remote repository.
272         Previously this command was known as git-pull-script.
274 gitlink:git-push[1]::
275         Update remote refs along with associated objects.
276         Previously this command was known as git-push-script.
278 gitlink:git-rebase[1]::
279         Rebase local commits to new upstream head.
280         Previously this command was known as git-rebase-script.
282 gitlink:git-rename[1]::
283         Rename files and directories.
284         Previously this command was known as git-rename-script.
286 gitlink:git-repack[1]::
287         Pack unpacked objects in a repository.
288         Previously this command was known as git-repack-script.
290 gitlink:git-reset[1]::
291         Reset current HEAD to the specified state.
292         Previously this command was known as git-reset-script.
294 gitlink:git-resolve[1]::
295         Merge two commits.
296         Previously this command was known as git-resolve-script.
298 gitlink:git-revert[1]::
299         Revert an existing commit.
300         Previously this command was known as git-revert-script.
302 gitlink:git-shortlog[1]::
303         Summarizes 'git log' output.
305 gitlink:git-show-branch[1]::
306         Show branches and their commits.
308 gitlink:git-status[1]::
309         Shows the working tree status.
310         Previously this command was known as git-status-script.
312 gitlink:git-verify-tag[1]::
313         Check the GPG signature of tag.
314         Previously this command was known as git-verify-tag-script.
316 gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]::
317         Shows commit logs and differences they introduce.
320 Ancillary Commands
321 ------------------
322 Manipulators:
324 gitlink:git-applypatch[1]::
325         Apply one patch extracted from an e-mail.
327 gitlink:git-archimport[1]::
328         Import an arch repository into git.
329         Previously this command was known as git-archimport-script.
331 gitlink:git-convert-objects[1]::
332         Converts old-style GIT repository
333         Previously this command was known as git-convert-cache.
335 gitlink:git-cvsimport[1]::
336         Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate.
337         Previously this command was known as git-cvsimport-script.
339 gitlink:git-merge-one-file[1]::
340         The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-index"
341         Previously this command was known as git-merge-one-file-script.
343 gitlink:git-prune[1]::
344         Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database
345         Previously this command was known as git-prune-script.
347 gitlink:git-relink[1]::
348         Hardlink common objects in local repositories.
349         Previously this command was known as git-relink-script.
351 gitlink:git-sh-setup[1]::
352         Common git shell script setup code.
353         Previously this command was known as git-sh-setup-script.
355 gitlink:git-tag[1]::
356         An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG
357         Previously this command was known as git-tag-script.
360 Interrogators:
362 gitlink:git-cherry[1]::
363         Find commits not merged upstream.
365 gitlink:git-count-objects[1]::
366         Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.
367         Previously this command was known as git-count-objects-script.
369 gitlink:git-daemon[1]::
370         A really simple server for GIT repositories.
372 gitlink:git-diff-helper[1]::
373         Generates patch format output for git-diff-*
375 gitlink:git-get-tar-commit-id[1]::
376         Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-tar-tree.
378 gitlink:git-mailinfo[1]::
379         Extracts patch from a single e-mail message.
381 gitlink:git-mailsplit[1]::
382         git-mailsplit.
384 gitlink:git-patch-id[1]::
385         Compute unique ID for a patch.
387 gitlink:git-parse-remote[1]::
388         Routines to help parsing $GIT_DIR/remotes/
389         Previously this command was known as git-parse-remote-script.
391 gitlink:git-request-pull[1]::
392         git-request-pull.
393         Previously this command was known as git-request-pull-script.
395 gitlink:git-rev-parse[1]::
396         Pick out and massage parameters.
398 gitlink:git-send-email[1]::
399         Send patch e-mails out of "format-patch --mbox" output.
400         Previously this command was known as git-send-email-script.
402 gitlink:git-stripspace[1]::
403         Filter out empty lines.
406 Commands not yet documented
407 ---------------------------
409 gitlink:gitk[1]::
410         gitk.
413 Identifier Terminology
414 ----------------------
415 <object>::
416         Indicates the sha1 identifier for any type of object
418 <blob>::
419         Indicates a blob object sha1 identifier
421 <tree>::
422         Indicates a tree object sha1 identifier
424 <commit>::
425         Indicates a commit object sha1 identifier
427 <tree-ish>::
428         Indicates a tree, commit or tag object sha1 identifier.  A
429         command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
430         operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
431         <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
433 <type>::
434         Indicates that an object type is required.
435         Currently one of: blob/tree/commit/tag
437 <file>::
438         Indicates a filename - always relative to the root of
439         the tree structure GIT_INDEX_FILE describes.
441 Symbolic Identifiers
442 --------------------
443 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
444 symbolic notation:
446 HEAD::
447         indicates the head of the repository (ie the contents of
448         `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`)
449 <tag>::
450         a valid tag 'name'+
451         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`)
452 <head>::
453         a valid head 'name'+
454         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`)
455 <snap>::
456         a valid snapshot 'name'+
457         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/snap/<snap>`)
460 File/Directory Structure
461 ------------------------
463 Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
465 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
466 GIT_DIR.
469 Terminology
470 -----------
471 Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
474 Environment Variables
475 ---------------------
476 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
478 The git Repository
479 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
480 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
481 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
482 git so take care if using Cogito etc
484 'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
485         This environment allows the specification of an alternate
486         cache/index file. If not specified, the default of
487         `$GIT_DIR/index` is used.
489 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
490         If the object storage directory is specified via this
491         environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
492         underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
493         directory is used.
495 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
496         Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
497         archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
498         specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
499         can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
500         written to these directories.
502 'GIT_DIR'::
503         If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it specifies
504         a path to use instead of `./.git` for the base of the
505         repository.
507 git Commits
508 ~~~~~~~~~~~
509 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
510 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
511 'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
512 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
513 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
514         see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
516 git Diffs
517 ~~~~~~~~~
518 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
519 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
520         see the "generating patches" section in :
521         gitlink:git-diff-index[1];
522         gitlink:git-diff-files[1];
523         gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]
525 Discussion[[Discussion]]
526 ------------------------
527 include::../README[]
529 Author
530 ------
531 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
533 Documentation
534 --------------
535 Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
537 GIT
538 ---
539 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite