1 git-send-email(1)
2 =================
4 NAME
5 ----
6 git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails
9 SYNOPSIS
10 --------
11 [verse]
12 'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
15 DESCRIPTION
16 -----------
17 Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
18 Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
19 files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the
20 last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
21 be passed to git send-email.
23 The header of the email is configurable by command line options. If not
24 specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
25 enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
27 There are two formats accepted for patch files:
29 1. mbox format files
30 +
31 This is what linkgit:git-format-patch[1] generates. Most headers and MIME
32 formatting are ignored.
34 2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman's 'send_lots_of_email.pl'
35 script
36 +
37 This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value
38 and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line.
41 OPTIONS
42 -------
44 Composing
45 ~~~~~~~~~
47 --annotate::
48 Review and edit each patch you're about to send. See the
49 CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
51 --bcc=<address>::
52 Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
53 'sendemail.bcc'.
54 +
55 The --bcc option must be repeated for each user you want on the bcc list.
57 --cc=<address>::
58 Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
59 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cc'.
60 +
61 The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
63 --compose::
64 Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1])
65 to edit an introductory message for the patch series.
66 +
67 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
68 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
69 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
70 (or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
71 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
72 +
73 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
74 +
75 See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
77 --from=<address>::
78 Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line,
79 the value of the 'sendemail.from' configuration option is used. If
80 neither the command line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the
81 user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be
82 the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
83 set, as returned by "git var -l".
85 --in-reply-to=<identifier>::
86 Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
87 reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
88 provide a new patch series.
89 The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to
90 the `--[no]-chain-reply-to` setting.
91 +
92 So for example when `--thread` and `--no-chain-reply-to` are specified, the
93 second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the
94 illustration below where `[PATCH v2 0/3]` is in reply to `[PATCH 0/2]`:
95 +
96 [PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
97 [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
98 [PATCH 2/2] Implementation
99 [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
100 [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
101 [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
102 [PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation
103 +
104 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
105 is not set, this will be prompted for.
107 --subject=<string>::
108 Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
109 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
110 is not set, this will be prompted for.
112 --to=<address>::
113 Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
114 will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
115 value of the 'sendemail.to' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
116 and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
117 +
118 The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
120 --8bit-encoding=<encoding>::
121 When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not
122 declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is
123 encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of the
124 'sendemail.assume8bitEncoding'; if that is unspecified, this
125 will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered.
126 +
127 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
130 Sending
131 ~~~~~~~
133 --envelope-sender=<address>::
134 Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails.
135 This is useful if your default address is not the address that is
136 subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
137 value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
138 suitable privileges for the -f parameter. Default is the value of the
139 'sendemail.envelopesender' configuration variable; if that is
140 unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
142 --smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
143 Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'. Any other
144 value reverts to plain SMTP. Default is the value of
145 'sendemail.smtpencryption'.
147 --smtp-domain=<FQDN>::
148 Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
149 HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server. Some servers require the
150 FQDN to match your IP address. If not set, git send-email attempts
151 to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value of
152 'sendemail.smtpdomain'.
154 --smtp-pass[=<password>]::
155 Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
156 argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
157 the password. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtppass',
158 however '--smtp-pass' always overrides this value.
159 +
160 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
161 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
162 '--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
163 specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then the
164 user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
166 --smtp-server=<host>::
167 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
168 `smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address). Alternatively it can
169 specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
170 the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can
171 be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserver' configuration
172 option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or
173 `/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or
174 `localhost` otherwise.
176 --smtp-server-port=<port>::
177 Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
178 servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
179 submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
180 symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
181 are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
182 'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
184 --smtp-server-option=<option>::
185 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
186 Default value can be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserveroption'
187 configuration option.
188 +
189 The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
190 to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files
191 must be used for each option.
193 --smtp-ssl::
194 Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
196 --smtp-user=<user>::
197 Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
198 if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
199 then authentication is not attempted.
202 Automating
203 ~~~~~~~~~~
205 --to-cmd=<command>::
206 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
207 should generate patch file specific "To:" entries.
208 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
209 Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocmd' configuration value.
211 --cc-cmd=<command>::
212 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
213 should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
214 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
215 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccmd' configuration value.
217 --[no-]chain-reply-to::
218 If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
219 email sent. If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
220 the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent. When using
221 this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
222 entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the 'sendemail.chainreplyto'
223 configuration variable can be used to enable it.
225 --identity=<identity>::
226 A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
227 'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
228 values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
229 the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
231 --[no-]signed-off-by-cc::
232 If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
233 cc list. Default is the value of 'sendemail.signedoffbycc' configuration
234 value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
236 --suppress-cc=<category>::
237 Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
238 auto-cc of:
239 +
240 --
241 - 'author' will avoid including the patch author
242 - 'self' will avoid including the sender
243 - 'cc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header
244 except for self (use 'self' for that).
245 - 'bodycc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the
246 patch body (commit message) except for self (use 'self' for that).
247 - 'sob' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except
248 for self (use 'self' for that).
249 - 'cccmd' will avoid running the --cc-cmd.
250 - 'body' is equivalent to 'sob' + 'bodycc'
251 - 'all' will suppress all auto cc values.
252 --
253 +
254 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppresscc' configuration value; if
255 that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is
256 specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
258 --[no-]suppress-from::
259 If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
260 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppressfrom' configuration
261 value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
263 --[no-]thread::
264 If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be
265 added to each email sent. Whether each mail refers to the
266 previous email (`deep` threading per 'git format-patch'
267 wording) or to the first email (`shallow` threading) is
268 governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to".
269 +
270 If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
271 (unless specified with --in-reply-to). Default is the value of the
272 'sendemail.thread' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
273 default to --thread.
274 +
275 It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
276 exists when 'git send-email' is asked to add it (especially note that
277 'git format-patch' can be configured to do the threading itself).
278 Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the
279 recipient's MUA.
282 Administering
283 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
285 --confirm=<mode>::
286 Confirm just before sending:
287 +
288 --
289 - 'always' will always confirm before sending
290 - 'never' will never confirm before sending
291 - 'cc' will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically
292 added addresses from the patch to the Cc list
293 - 'compose' will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.
294 - 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose'
295 --
296 +
297 Default is the value of 'sendemail.confirm' configuration value; if that
298 is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options
299 have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
301 --dry-run::
302 Do everything except actually send the emails.
304 --[no-]format-patch::
305 When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name,
306 choose to understand it as a format-patch argument ('--format-patch')
307 or as a file name ('--no-format-patch'). By default, when such a conflict
308 occurs, git send-email will fail.
310 --quiet::
311 Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be
312 all that is output.
314 --[no-]validate::
315 Perform sanity checks on patches.
316 Currently, validation means the following:
317 +
318 --
319 * Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters; this
320 is due to SMTP limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt.
321 --
322 +
323 Default is the value of 'sendemail.validate'; if this is not set,
324 default to '--validate'.
326 --force::
327 Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.
330 CONFIGURATION
331 -------------
333 sendemail.aliasesfile::
334 To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
335 email aliases files. You must also supply 'sendemail.aliasfiletype'.
337 sendemail.aliasfiletype::
338 Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesfile. Must be
339 one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus'.
341 sendemail.multiedit::
342 If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
343 files you have to edit (patches when '--annotate' is used, and the
344 summary when '--compose' is used). If false, files will be edited one
345 after the other, spawning a new editor each time.
347 sendemail.confirm::
348 Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be
349 one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See '--confirm'
350 in the previous section for the meaning of these values.
352 EXAMPLE
353 -------
354 Use gmail as the smtp server
355 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
356 To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
357 edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
359 [sendemail]
360 smtpencryption = tls
361 smtpserver = smtp.gmail.com
362 smtpuser = yourname@gmail.com
363 smtpserverport = 587
365 Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the
366 following commands:
368 $ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/
369 $ edit outgoing/0000-*
370 $ git send-email outgoing/*
372 Note: the following perl modules are required
373 Net::SMTP::SSL, MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL
375 SEE ALSO
376 --------
377 linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-imap-send[1], mbox(5)
379 GIT
380 ---
381 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite