1 git-rev-parse(1)
2 ================
4 NAME
5 ----
6 git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters
9 SYNOPSIS
10 --------
11 'git rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>...
13 DESCRIPTION
14 -----------
16 Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
17 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
18 meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
19 and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
20 downstream of 'git rev-list'. This command is used to
21 distinguish between them.
24 OPTIONS
25 -------
26 --parseopt::
27 Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).
29 --keep-dashdash::
30 Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
31 out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.
33 --stop-at-non-option::
34 Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Lets the option parser stop at
35 the first non-option argument. This can be used to parse sub-commands
36 that take options themselves.
38 --sq-quote::
39 Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
40 section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
41 mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
43 --revs-only::
44 Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
45 'git rev-list' command.
47 --no-revs::
48 Do not output flags and parameters meant for
49 'git rev-list' command.
51 --flags::
52 Do not output non-flag parameters.
54 --no-flags::
55 Do not output flag parameters.
57 --default <arg>::
58 If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
59 instead.
61 --verify::
62 The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
63 object name. Otherwise barf and abort.
65 -q::
66 --quiet::
67 Only meaningful in `--verify` mode. Do not output an error
68 message if the first argument is not a valid object name;
69 instead exit with non-zero status silently.
71 --sq::
72 Usually the output is made one line per flag and
73 parameter. This option makes output a single line,
74 properly quoted for consumption by shell. Useful when
75 you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
76 newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
77 'git diff-\*'). In contrast to the `--sq-quote` option,
78 the command input is still interpreted as usual.
80 --not::
81 When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and
82 strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
83 one.
85 --symbolic::
86 Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
87 possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
88 form as close to the original input as possible.
90 --symbolic-full-name::
91 This is similar to \--symbolic, but it omits input that
92 are not refs (i.e. branch or tag names; or more
93 explicitly disambiguating "heads/master" form, when you
94 want to name the "master" branch when there is an
95 unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
96 refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").
98 --abbrev-ref[={strict|loose}]::
99 A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
100 The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
101 abbreviation mode.
103 --all::
104 Show all refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs`.
106 --branches[=pattern]::
107 --tags[=pattern]::
108 --remotes[=pattern]::
109 Show all branches, tags, or remote-tracking branches,
110 respectively (i.e., refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads`,
111 `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`, or `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes`,
112 respectively).
113 +
114 If a `pattern` is given, only refs matching the given shell glob are
115 shown. If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
116 `\*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/\*`.
118 --glob=pattern::
119 Show all refs matching the shell glob pattern `pattern`. If
120 the pattern does not start with `refs/`, this is automatically
121 prepended. If the pattern does not contain a globbing
122 character (`?`, `\*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
123 match by appending `/\*`.
125 --show-toplevel::
126 Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
128 --show-prefix::
129 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
130 path of the current directory relative to the top-level
131 directory.
133 --show-cdup::
134 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
135 path of the top-level directory relative to the current
136 directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
138 --git-dir::
139 Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined else show the path to the .git directory.
141 --is-inside-git-dir::
142 When the current working directory is below the repository
143 directory print "true", otherwise "false".
145 --is-inside-work-tree::
146 When the current working directory is inside the work tree of the
147 repository print "true", otherwise "false".
149 --is-bare-repository::
150 When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
152 --local-env-vars::
153 List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
154 repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
155 Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
156 even if they are set.
158 --short::
159 --short=number::
160 Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
161 abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
162 7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
164 --since=datestring::
165 --after=datestring::
166 Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
167 --max-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.
169 --until=datestring::
170 --before=datestring::
171 Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
172 --min-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.
174 <args>...::
175 Flags and parameters to be parsed.
178 SPECIFYING REVISIONS
179 --------------------
181 A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
182 commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
183 syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The
184 ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and
185 blobs contained in a commit.
187 * The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
188 a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
189 E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
190 name the same commit object if there are no other object in
191 your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
193 * An output from 'git describe'; i.e. a closest tag, optionally
194 followed by a dash and a number of commits, followed by a dash, a
195 `g`, and an abbreviated object name.
197 * A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
198 object referenced by $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master. If you
199 happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
200 explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
201 When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the
202 first match in the following rules:
204 . if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
205 useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD`, `ORIG_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
207 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/<name>` if exists;
209 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<name>` if exists;
211 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<name>` if exists;
213 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
215 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
216 +
217 HEAD names the commit your changes in the working tree is based on.
218 FETCH_HEAD records the branch you fetched from a remote repository
219 with your last 'git fetch' invocation.
220 ORIG_HEAD is created by commands that moves your HEAD in a drastic
221 way, to record the position of the HEAD before their operation, so that
222 you can change the tip of the branch back to the state before you ran
223 them easily.
224 MERGE_HEAD records the commit(s) you are merging into your branch
225 when you run 'git merge'.
227 * A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
228 enclosed in a brace
229 pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
230 second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
231 of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be
232 used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
233 existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>). Note that this looks up the state
234 of your *local* ref at a given time; e.g., what was in your local
235 `master` branch last week. If you want to look at commits made during
236 certain times, see `--since` and `--until`.
238 * A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification
239 enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify
240 the n-th prior value of that ref. For example 'master@\{1\}'
241 is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}'
242 is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used
243 immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing
244 log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
246 * You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a
247 reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the
248 branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
250 * The special construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out
251 before the current one.
253 * The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a ref (short form 'ref@\{u\}') refers to
254 the branch the ref is set to build on top of. Missing ref defaults
255 to the current branch.
257 * A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
258 that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
259 'rev{caret}'
260 is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule,
261 'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the
262 object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object.
264 * A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
265 object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
266 commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is
267 equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to
268 rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of
269 the usage of this form.
271 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
272 brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
273 could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
274 object of that type is found or the object cannot be
275 dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0`
276 introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`.
278 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
279 (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag,
280 and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
281 found.
283 * A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text: this names
284 a commit whose commit message starts with the specified text.
285 This name returns the youngest matching commit which is
286 reachable from any ref. If the commit message starts with a
287 '!', you have to repeat that; the special sequence ':/!',
288 followed by something else than '!' is reserved for now.
290 * A suffix ':' followed by a path; this names the blob or tree
291 at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part
292 before the colon.
294 * A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
295 colon, followed by a path; this names a blob object in the
296 index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon
297 that follows it) names a stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage
298 1 is the common ancestor, stage 2 is the target branch's version
299 (typically the current branch), and stage 3 is the version from
300 the branch being merged.
302 Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both commit nodes B
303 and C are parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered
304 left-to-right.
306 ........................................
307 G H I J
308 \ / \ /
309 D E F
310 \ | / \
311 \ | / |
312 \|/ |
313 B C
314 \ /
315 \ /
316 A
317 ........................................
319 A = = A^0
320 B = A^ = A^1 = A~1
321 C = A^2 = A^2
322 D = A^^ = A^1^1 = A~2
323 E = B^2 = A^^2
324 F = B^3 = A^^3
325 G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3
326 H = D^2 = B^^2 = A^^^2 = A~2^2
327 I = F^ = B^3^ = A^^3^
328 J = F^2 = B^3^2 = A^^3^2
331 SPECIFYING RANGES
332 -----------------
334 History traversing commands such as 'git log' operate on a set
335 of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands,
336 specifying a single revision with the notation described in the
337 previous section means the set of commits reachable from that
338 commit, following the commit ancestry chain.
340 To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}`
341 notation is used. E.g. `{caret}r1 r2` means commits reachable
342 from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
344 This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
345 for it. When you have two commits `r1` and `r2` (named according
346 to the syntax explained in SPECIFYING REVISIONS above), you can ask
347 for commits that are reachable from r2 excluding those that are reachable
348 from r1 by `{caret}r1 r2` and it can be written as `r1..r2`.
350 A similar notation `r1\...r2` is called symmetric difference
351 of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
352 `r1 r2 --not $(git merge-base --all r1 r2)`.
353 It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
354 `r1` or `r2` but not from both.
356 Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
357 and its parent commits exist. The `r1{caret}@` notation means all
358 parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
359 all of its parents.
361 Here are a handful of examples:
363 D G H D
364 D F G H I J D F
365 ^G D H D
366 ^D B E I J F B
367 B...C G H D E B C
368 ^D B C E I J F B C
369 C^@ I J F
370 F^! D G H D F
372 PARSEOPT
373 --------
375 In `--parseopt` mode, 'git rev-parse' helps massaging options to bring to shell
376 scripts the same facilities C builtins have. It works as an option normalizer
377 (e.g. splits single switches aggregate values), a bit like `getopt(1)` does.
379 It takes on the standard input the specification of the options to parse and
380 understand, and echoes on the standard output a line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`
381 to replace the arguments with normalized ones. In case of error, it outputs
382 usage on the standard error stream, and exits with code 129.
384 Input Format
385 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
387 'git rev-parse --parseopt' input format is fully text based. It has two parts,
388 separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator
389 (should be more than one) are used for the usage.
390 The lines after the separator describe the options.
392 Each line of options has this format:
394 ------------
395 <opt_spec><flags>* SP+ help LF
396 ------------
398 `<opt_spec>`::
399 its format is the short option character, then the long option name
400 separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one
401 is necessary. `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are all three correct
402 `<opt_spec>`.
404 `<flags>`::
405 `<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`.
406 * Use `=` if the option takes an argument.
408 * Use `?` to mean that the option is optional (though its use is discouraged).
410 * Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage
411 generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as
412 documented in linkgit:gitcli[7].
414 * Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available.
416 The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used
417 as the help associated to the option.
419 Blank lines are ignored, and lines that don't match this specification are used
420 as option group headers (start the line with a space to create such
421 lines on purpose).
423 Example
424 ~~~~~~~
426 ------------
427 OPTS_SPEC="\
428 some-command [options] <args>...
430 some-command does foo and bar!
431 --
432 h,help show the help
434 foo some nifty option --foo
435 bar= some cool option --bar with an argument
437 An option group Header
438 C? option C with an optional argument"
440 eval `echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?`
441 ------------
443 SQ-QUOTE
444 --------
446 In `--sq-quote` mode, 'git rev-parse' echoes on the standard output a
447 single line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`. This line is made by
448 normalizing the arguments following `--sq-quote`. Nothing other than
449 quoting the arguments is done.
451 If you want command input to still be interpreted as usual by
452 'git rev-parse' before the output is shell quoted, see the `--sq`
453 option.
455 Example
456 ~~~~~~~
458 ------------
459 $ cat >your-git-script.sh <<\EOF
460 #!/bin/sh
461 args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@") # quote user-supplied arguments
462 command="git frotz -n24 $args" # and use it inside a handcrafted
463 # command line
464 eval "$command"
465 EOF
467 $ sh your-git-script.sh "a b'c"
468 ------------
470 EXAMPLES
471 --------
473 * Print the object name of the current commit:
474 +
475 ------------
476 $ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
477 ------------
479 * Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
480 +
481 ------------
482 $ git rev-parse --verify $REV
483 ------------
484 +
485 This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.
487 * Same as above:
488 +
489 ------------
490 $ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV
491 ------------
492 +
493 but if $REV is empty, the commit object name from master will be printed.
496 Author
497 ------
498 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> .
499 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org>
501 Documentation
502 --------------
503 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
505 GIT
506 ---
507 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite