1 git-rev-parse(1)
2 ================
4 NAME
5 ----
6 git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters
9 SYNOPSIS
10 --------
11 'git-rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>...
13 DESCRIPTION
14 -----------
16 Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
17 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
18 meant for underlying `git-rev-list` command they use internally
19 and flags and parameters for other commands they use as the
20 downstream of `git-rev-list`. This command is used to
21 distinguish between them.
24 OPTIONS
25 -------
26 --revs-only::
27 Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
28 `git-rev-list` command.
30 --no-revs::
31 Do not output flags and parameters meant for
32 `git-rev-list` command.
34 --flags::
35 Do not output non-flag parameters.
37 --no-flags::
38 Do not output flag parameters.
40 --default <arg>::
41 If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
42 instead.
44 --verify::
45 The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
46 object name. Otherwise barf and abort.
48 --sq::
49 Usually the output is made one line per flag and
50 parameter. This option makes output a single line,
51 properly quoted for consumption by shell. Useful when
52 you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
53 newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
54 `git-diff-\*`).
56 --not::
57 When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and
58 strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
59 one.
61 --symbolic::
62 Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
63 possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
64 form as close to the original input as possible.
67 --all::
68 Show all refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs`.
70 --branches::
71 Show branch refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads`.
73 --tags::
74 Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`.
76 --remotes::
77 Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes`.
79 --show-prefix::
80 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
81 path of the current directory relative to the top-level
82 directory.
84 --show-cdup::
85 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
86 path of the top-level directory relative to the current
87 directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
89 --git-dir::
90 Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined else show the path to the .git directory.
92 --short, --short=number::
93 Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
94 abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
95 7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
97 --since=datestring, --after=datestring::
98 Parses the date string, and outputs corresponding
99 --max-age= parameter for git-rev-list command.
101 --until=datestring, --before=datestring::
102 Parses the date string, and outputs corresponding
103 --min-age= parameter for git-rev-list command.
105 <args>...::
106 Flags and parameters to be parsed.
109 SPECIFYING REVISIONS
110 --------------------
112 A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
113 commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
114 syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The
115 ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and
116 blobs contained in a commit.
118 * The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
119 a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
120 E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
121 name the same commit object if there are no other object in
122 your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
124 * An output from `git-describe`; i.e. a closest tag, followed by a
125 dash, a `g`, and an abbreviated object name.
127 * A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
128 object referenced by $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master. If you
129 happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
130 explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
131 When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the
132 first match in the following rules:
134 . if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
135 useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
137 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/<name>` if exists;
139 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<name>` if exists;
141 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<name>` if exists;
143 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
145 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
147 * A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
148 enclosed in a brace
149 pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
150 second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
151 of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be
152 used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
153 existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
155 * A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification
156 enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify
157 the n-th prior value of that ref. For example 'master@\{1\}'
158 is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}'
159 is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used
160 immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing
161 log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
163 * You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a
164 reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the
165 branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
167 * A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
168 that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
169 'rev{caret}'
170 is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule,
171 'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the
172 object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object.
174 * A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
175 object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
176 commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is
177 equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to
178 rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of
179 the usage of this form.
181 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
182 brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
183 could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
184 object of that type is found or the object cannot be
185 dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0`
186 introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`.
188 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
189 (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag,
190 and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
191 found.
193 * A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text: this names
194 a commit whose commit message starts with the specified text.
195 This name returns the youngest matching commit which is
196 reachable from any ref. If the commit message starts with a
197 '!', you have to repeat that; the special sequence ':/!',
198 followed by something else than '!' is reserved for now.
200 * A suffix ':' followed by a path; this names the blob or tree
201 at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part
202 before the colon.
204 * A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
205 colon, followed by a path; this names a blob object in the
206 index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon
207 that follows it) names an stage 0 entry.
209 Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both node B and C are
210 a commit parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered
211 left-to-right.
213 G H I J
214 \ / \ /
215 D E F
216 \ | / \
217 \ | / |
218 \|/ |
219 B C
220 \ /
221 \ /
222 A
224 A = = A^0
225 B = A^ = A^1 = A~1
226 C = A^2 = A^2
227 D = A^^ = A^1^1 = A~2
228 E = B^2 = A^^2
229 F = B^3 = A^^3
230 G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3
231 H = D^2 = B^^2 = A^^^2 = A~2^2
232 I = F^ = B^3^ = A^^3^
233 J = F^2 = B^3^2 = A^^3^2
236 SPECIFYING RANGES
237 -----------------
239 History traversing commands such as `git-log` operate on a set
240 of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands,
241 specifying a single revision with the notation described in the
242 previous section means the set of commits reachable from that
243 commit, following the commit ancestry chain.
245 To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}`
246 notation is used. E.g. "`{caret}r1 r2`" means commits reachable
247 from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
249 This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
250 for it. "`r1..r2`" is equivalent to "`{caret}r1 r2`". It is
251 the difference of two sets (subtract the set of commits
252 reachable from `r1` from the set of commits reachable from
253 `r2`).
255 A similar notation "`r1\...r2`" is called symmetric difference
256 of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
257 "`r1 r2 --not $(git-merge-base --all r1 r2)`".
258 It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
259 `r1` or `r2` but not from both.
261 Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
262 and its parent commits exists. `r1{caret}@` notation means all
263 parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
264 its all parents.
266 Here are a handful examples:
268 D G H D
269 D F G H I J D F
270 ^G D H D
271 ^D B E I J F B
272 B...C G H D E B C
273 ^D B C E I J F B C
274 C^@ I J F
275 F^! D G H D F
277 Author
278 ------
279 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
280 Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
282 Documentation
283 --------------
284 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
286 GIT
287 ---
288 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite