1 git-push(1)
2 ===========
4 NAME
5 ----
6 git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects
9 SYNOPSIS
10 --------
11 [verse]
12 'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
13 [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose]
14 [<repository> <refspec>...]
16 DESCRIPTION
17 -----------
19 Updates remote refs using local refs, while sending objects
20 necessary to complete the given refs.
22 You can make interesting things happen to a repository
23 every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there. See
24 documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1].
27 OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
28 ------------------
29 <repository>::
30 The "remote" repository that is destination of a push
31 operation. This parameter can be either a URL
32 (see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name
33 of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
35 <refspec>...::
36 The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
37 `{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
38 by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
39 It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref
40 in the remote repository is to be updated.
41 +
42 The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
43 it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
44 `HEAD` (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]).
45 +
46 The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
47 push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must
48 be named. If `:`<dst> is omitted, the same ref as <src> will be
49 updated.
50 +
51 The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
52 on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
53 update can fast forward <dst>. By having the optional leading `{plus}`,
54 you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a
55 fast forward. This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See
56 EXAMPLES below for details.
57 +
58 `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
59 +
60 Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from
61 the remote repository.
62 +
63 The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast forward updates)
64 directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
65 the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
66 already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode
67 if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line
68 nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
70 --all::
71 Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
72 refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/` be pushed.
74 --mirror::
75 Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
76 refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` (which includes but is not
77 limited to `refs/heads/`, `refs/remotes/`, and `refs/tags/`)
78 be mirrored to the remote repository. Newly created local
79 refs will be pushed to the remote end, locally updated refs
80 will be force updated on the remote end, and deleted refs
81 will be removed from the remote end. This is the default
82 if the configuration option `remote.<remote>.mirror` is
83 set.
85 --dry-run::
86 Do everything except actually send the updates.
88 --porcelain::
89 Produce machine-readable output. The output status line for each ref
90 will be tab-separated and sent to stdout instead of stderr. The full
91 symbolic names of the refs will be given.
93 --tags::
94 All refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` are pushed, in
95 addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
96 line.
98 --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
99 --exec=<git-receive-pack>::
100 Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote
101 end. Sometimes useful when pushing to a remote
102 repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
103 a directory on the default $PATH.
105 -f::
106 --force::
107 Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is
108 not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
109 This flag disables the check. This can cause the
110 remote repository to lose commits; use it with care.
112 --repo=<repository>::
113 This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is
114 passed in the invocation. In this case, 'git-push' derives the
115 remote name from the current branch: If it tracks a remote
116 branch, then that remote repository is pushed to. Otherwise,
117 the name "origin" is used. For this latter case, this option
118 can be used to override the name "origin". In other words,
119 the difference between these two commands
120 +
121 --------------------------
122 git push public #1
123 git push --repo=public #2
124 --------------------------
125 +
126 is that #1 always pushes to "public" whereas #2 pushes to "public"
127 only if the current branch does not track a remote branch. This is
128 useful if you write an alias or script around 'git-push'.
130 --thin::
131 --no-thin::
132 These options are passed to 'git-send-pack'. Thin
133 transfer spends extra cycles to minimize the number of
134 objects to be sent and meant to be used on slower connection.
136 -v::
137 --verbose::
138 Run verbosely.
140 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
142 OUTPUT
143 ------
145 The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
146 section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either
147 locally or via ssh).
149 The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
150 representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form:
152 -------------------------------
153 <flag> <summary> <from> -> <to> (<reason>)
154 -------------------------------
156 If --porcelain is used, then each line of the output is of the form:
158 -------------------------------
159 <flag> \t <from>:<to> \t <summary> (<reason>)
160 -------------------------------
162 flag::
163 A single character indicating the status of the ref. This is
164 blank for a successfully pushed ref, `!` for a ref that was
165 rejected or failed to push, and '=' for a ref that was up to
166 date and did not need pushing (note that the status of up to
167 date refs is shown only when `git push` is running verbosely).
169 summary::
170 For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
171 values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
172 `git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and
173 `<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast forward updates). For a
174 failed update, more details are given for the failure.
175 The string `rejected` indicates that git did not try to send the
176 ref at all (typically because it is not a fast forward). The
177 string `remote rejected` indicates that the remote end refused
178 the update; this rejection is typically caused by a hook on the
179 remote side. The string `remote failure` indicates that the
180 remote end did not report the successful update of the ref
181 (perhaps because of a temporary error on the remote side, a
182 break in the network connection, or other transient error).
184 from::
185 The name of the local ref being pushed, minus its
186 `refs/<type>/` prefix. In the case of deletion, the
187 name of the local ref is omitted.
189 to::
190 The name of the remote ref being updated, minus its
191 `refs/<type>/` prefix.
193 reason::
194 A human-readable explanation. In the case of successfully pushed
195 refs, no explanation is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for
196 failure is described.
198 Examples
199 --------
201 git push::
202 Works like `git push <remote>`, where <remote> is the
203 current branch's remote (or `origin`, if no remote is
204 configured for the current branch).
206 git push origin::
207 Without additional configuration, works like
208 `git push origin :`.
209 +
210 The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be
211 configured by setting the `push` option of the remote.
212 +
213 For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to `origin`
214 use `git config remote.origin.push HEAD`. Any valid <refspec> (like
215 the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for
216 `git push origin`.
218 git push origin :::
219 Push "matching" branches to `origin`. See
220 <refspec> in the <<OPTIONS,OPTIONS>> section above for a
221 description of "matching" branches.
223 git push origin master::
224 Find a ref that matches `master` in the source repository
225 (most likely, it would find `refs/heads/master`), and update
226 the same ref (e.g. `refs/heads/master`) in `origin` repository
227 with it. If `master` did not exist remotely, it would be
228 created.
230 git push origin HEAD::
231 A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the
232 remote.
234 git push origin master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev::
235 Use the source ref that matches `master` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
236 to update the ref that matches `satellite/master` (most probably
237 `refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in the `origin` repository, then
238 do the same for `dev` and `satellite/dev`.
240 git push origin HEAD:master::
241 Push the current branch to the remote ref matching `master` in the
242 `origin` repository. This form is convenient to push the current
243 branch without thinking about its local name.
245 git push origin master:refs/heads/experimental::
246 Create the branch `experimental` in the `origin` repository
247 by copying the current `master` branch. This form is only
248 needed to create a new branch or tag in the remote repository when
249 the local name and the remote name are different; otherwise,
250 the ref name on its own will work.
252 git push origin :experimental::
253 Find a ref that matches `experimental` in the `origin` repository
254 (e.g. `refs/heads/experimental`), and delete it.
256 git push origin {plus}dev:master::
257 Update the origin repository's master branch with the dev branch,
258 allowing non-fast forward updates. *This can leave unreferenced
259 commits dangling in the origin repository.* Consider the
260 following situation, where a fast forward is not possible:
261 +
262 ----
263 o---o---o---A---B origin/master
264 \
265 X---Y---Z dev
266 ----
267 +
268 The above command would change the origin repository to
269 +
270 ----
271 A---B (unnamed branch)
272 /
273 o---o---o---X---Y---Z master
274 ----
275 +
276 Commits A and B would no longer belong to a branch with a symbolic name,
277 and so would be unreachable. As such, these commits would be removed by
278 a `git gc` command on the origin repository.
281 Author
282 ------
283 Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, later rewritten in C
284 by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
286 Documentation
287 --------------
288 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
290 GIT
291 ---
292 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite