1 git-push(1)
2 ===========
4 NAME
5 ----
6 git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects
9 SYNOPSIS
10 --------
11 [verse]
12 'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
13 [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose]
14 [<repository> <refspec>...]
16 DESCRIPTION
17 -----------
19 Updates remote refs using local refs, while sending objects
20 necessary to complete the given refs.
22 You can make interesting things happen to a repository
23 every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there. See
24 documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1].
27 OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
28 ------------------
29 <repository>::
30 The "remote" repository that is destination of a push
31 operation. This parameter can be either a URL
32 (see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name
33 of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
35 <refspec>...::
36 The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
37 `{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
38 by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
39 It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref
40 in the remote repository is to be updated.
41 +
42 The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
43 it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
44 `HEAD` (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]).
45 +
46 The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
47 push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must
48 be named. If `:`<dst> is omitted, the same ref as <src> will be
49 updated.
50 +
51 The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
52 on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
53 update can fast forward <dst>. By having the optional leading `{plus}`,
54 you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a
55 fast forward. This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See
56 EXAMPLES below for details.
57 +
58 `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
59 +
60 Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from
61 the remote repository.
62 +
63 The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast forward updates)
64 directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
65 the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
66 already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode
67 if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line
68 nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
70 --all::
71 Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
72 refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/` be pushed.
74 --mirror::
75 Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
76 refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` (which includes but is not
77 limited to `refs/heads/`, `refs/remotes/`, and `refs/tags/`)
78 be mirrored to the remote repository. Newly created local
79 refs will be pushed to the remote end, locally updated refs
80 will be force updated on the remote end, and deleted refs
81 will be removed from the remote end. This is the default
82 if the configuration option `remote.<remote>.mirror` is
83 set.
85 --dry-run::
86 Do everything except actually send the updates.
88 --tags::
89 All refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` are pushed, in
90 addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
91 line.
93 --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
94 --exec=<git-receive-pack>::
95 Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote
96 end. Sometimes useful when pushing to a remote
97 repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
98 a directory on the default $PATH.
100 -f::
101 --force::
102 Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is
103 not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
104 This flag disables the check. This can cause the
105 remote repository to lose commits; use it with care.
107 --repo=<repository>::
108 This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is
109 passed in the invocation. In this case, 'git-push' derives the
110 remote name from the current branch: If it tracks a remote
111 branch, then that remote repository is pushed to. Otherwise,
112 the name "origin" is used. For this latter case, this option
113 can be used to override the name "origin". In other words,
114 the difference between these two commands
115 +
116 --------------------------
117 git push public #1
118 git push --repo=public #2
119 --------------------------
120 +
121 is that #1 always pushes to "public" whereas #2 pushes to "public"
122 only if the current branch does not track a remote branch. This is
123 useful if you write an alias or script around 'git-push'.
125 --thin::
126 --no-thin::
127 These options are passed to 'git-send-pack'. Thin
128 transfer spends extra cycles to minimize the number of
129 objects to be sent and meant to be used on slower connection.
131 -v::
132 --verbose::
133 Run verbosely.
135 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
137 OUTPUT
138 ------
140 The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
141 section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either
142 locally or via ssh).
144 The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
145 representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form:
147 -------------------------------
148 <flag> <summary> <from> -> <to> (<reason>)
149 -------------------------------
151 flag::
152 A single character indicating the status of the ref. This is
153 blank for a successfully pushed ref, `!` for a ref that was
154 rejected or failed to push, and '=' for a ref that was up to
155 date and did not need pushing (note that the status of up to
156 date refs is shown only when `git push` is running verbosely).
158 summary::
159 For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
160 values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
161 `git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and
162 `<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast forward updates). For a
163 failed update, more details are given for the failure.
164 The string `rejected` indicates that git did not try to send the
165 ref at all (typically because it is not a fast forward). The
166 string `remote rejected` indicates that the remote end refused
167 the update; this rejection is typically caused by a hook on the
168 remote side. The string `remote failure` indicates that the
169 remote end did not report the successful update of the ref
170 (perhaps because of a temporary error on the remote side, a
171 break in the network connection, or other transient error).
173 from::
174 The name of the local ref being pushed, minus its
175 `refs/<type>/` prefix. In the case of deletion, the
176 name of the local ref is omitted.
178 to::
179 The name of the remote ref being updated, minus its
180 `refs/<type>/` prefix.
182 reason::
183 A human-readable explanation. In the case of successfully pushed
184 refs, no explanation is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for
185 failure is described.
187 Examples
188 --------
190 git push::
191 Works like `git push <remote>`, where <remote> is the
192 current branch's remote (or `origin`, if no remote is
193 configured for the current branch).
195 git push origin::
196 Without additional configuration, works like
197 `git push origin :`.
198 +
199 The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be
200 configured by setting the `push` option of the remote.
201 +
202 For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to `origin`
203 use `git config remote.origin.push HEAD`. Any valid <refspec> (like
204 the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for
205 `git push origin`.
207 git push origin :::
208 Push "matching" branches to `origin`. See
209 <refspec> in the <<OPTIONS,OPTIONS>> section above for a
210 description of "matching" branches.
212 git push origin master::
213 Find a ref that matches `master` in the source repository
214 (most likely, it would find `refs/heads/master`), and update
215 the same ref (e.g. `refs/heads/master`) in `origin` repository
216 with it. If `master` did not exist remotely, it would be
217 created.
219 git push origin HEAD::
220 A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the
221 remote.
223 git push origin master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev::
224 Use the source ref that matches `master` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
225 to update the ref that matches `satellite/master` (most probably
226 `refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in the `origin` repository, then
227 do the same for `dev` and `satellite/dev`.
229 git push origin HEAD:master::
230 Push the current branch to the remote ref matching `master` in the
231 `origin` repository. This form is convenient to push the current
232 branch without thinking about its local name.
234 git push origin master:refs/heads/experimental::
235 Create the branch `experimental` in the `origin` repository
236 by copying the current `master` branch. This form is only
237 needed to create a new branch or tag in the remote repository when
238 the local name and the remote name are different; otherwise,
239 the ref name on its own will work.
241 git push origin :experimental::
242 Find a ref that matches `experimental` in the `origin` repository
243 (e.g. `refs/heads/experimental`), and delete it.
245 git push origin {plus}dev:master::
246 Update the origin repository's master branch with the dev branch,
247 allowing non-fast forward updates. *This can leave unreferenced
248 commits dangling in the origin repository.* Consider the
249 following situation, where a fast forward is not possible:
250 +
251 ----
252 o---o---o---A---B origin/master
253 \
254 X---Y---Z dev
255 ----
256 +
257 The above command would change the origin repository to
258 +
259 ----
260 A---B (unnamed branch)
261 /
262 o---o---o---X---Y---Z master
263 ----
264 +
265 Commits A and B would no longer belong to a branch with a symbolic name,
266 and so would be unreachable. As such, these commits would be removed by
267 a `git gc` command on the origin repository.
270 Author
271 ------
272 Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, later rewritten in C
273 by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
275 Documentation
276 --------------
277 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
279 GIT
280 ---
281 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite