1 git-format-patch(1)
2 ===================
4 NAME
5 ----
6 git-format-patch - Prepare patches for e-mail submission
9 SYNOPSIS
10 --------
11 [verse]
12 'git format-patch' [-k] [(-o|--output-directory) <dir> | --stdout]
13 [--no-thread | --thread[=<style>]]
14 [(--attach|--inline)[=<boundary>] | --no-attach]
15 [-s | --signoff]
16 [-n | --numbered | -N | --no-numbered]
17 [--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files]
18 [--in-reply-to=Message-Id] [--suffix=.<sfx>]
19 [--ignore-if-in-upstream]
20 [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix]
21 [--cc=<email>]
22 [--cover-letter]
23 [<common diff options>]
24 [ <since> | <revision range> ]
26 DESCRIPTION
27 -----------
29 Prepare each commit with its patch in
30 one file per commit, formatted to resemble UNIX mailbox format.
31 The output of this command is convenient for e-mail submission or
32 for use with 'git am'.
34 There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on.
36 1. A single commit, <since>, specifies that the commits leading
37 to the tip of the current branch that are not in the history
38 that leads to the <since> to be output.
40 2. Generic <revision range> expression (see "SPECIFYING
41 REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]) means the
42 commits in the specified range.
44 The first rule takes precedence in the case of a single <commit>. To
45 apply the second rule, i.e., format everything since the beginning of
46 history up until <commit>, use the '\--root' option: `git format-patch
47 \--root <commit>`. If you want to format only <commit> itself, you
48 can do this with `git format-patch -1 <commit>`.
50 By default, each output file is numbered sequentially from 1, and uses the
51 first line of the commit message (massaged for pathname safety) as
52 the filename. With the `--numbered-files` option, the output file names
53 will only be numbers, without the first line of the commit appended.
54 The names of the output files are printed to standard
55 output, unless the `--stdout` option is specified.
57 If `-o` is specified, output files are created in <dir>. Otherwise
58 they are created in the current working directory.
60 By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] First Line" and
61 the subject when multiple patches are output is "[PATCH n/m] First
62 Line". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use `-n`. To omit
63 patch numbers from the subject, use `-N`.
65 If given `--thread`, `git-format-patch` will generate `In-Reply-To` and
66 `References` headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear
67 as replies to the first mail; this also generates a `Message-Id` header to
68 reference.
70 OPTIONS
71 -------
72 :git-format-patch: 1
73 include::diff-options.txt[]
75 -<n>::
76 Limits the number of patches to prepare.
78 -o <dir>::
79 --output-directory <dir>::
80 Use <dir> to store the resulting files, instead of the
81 current working directory.
83 -n::
84 --numbered::
85 Name output in '[PATCH n/m]' format, even with a single patch.
87 -N::
88 --no-numbered::
89 Name output in '[PATCH]' format.
91 --start-number <n>::
92 Start numbering the patches at <n> instead of 1.
94 --numbered-files::
95 Output file names will be a simple number sequence
96 without the default first line of the commit appended.
98 -k::
99 --keep-subject::
100 Do not strip/add '[PATCH]' from the first line of the
101 commit log message.
103 -s::
104 --signoff::
105 Add `Signed-off-by:` line to the commit message, using
106 the committer identity of yourself.
108 --stdout::
109 Print all commits to the standard output in mbox format,
110 instead of creating a file for each one.
112 --attach[=<boundary>]::
113 Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of
114 which is the commit message and the patch itself in the
115 second part, with `Content-Disposition: attachment`.
117 --no-attach::
118 Disable the creation of an attachment, overriding the
119 configuration setting.
121 --inline[=<boundary>]::
122 Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of
123 which is the commit message and the patch itself in the
124 second part, with `Content-Disposition: inline`.
126 --thread[=<style>]::
127 --no-thread::
128 Controls addition of `In-Reply-To` and `References` headers to
129 make the second and subsequent mails appear as replies to the
130 first. Also controls generation of the `Message-Id` header to
131 reference.
132 +
133 The optional <style> argument can be either `shallow` or `deep`.
134 'shallow' threading makes every mail a reply to the head of the
135 series, where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the
136 `\--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order. 'deep'
137 threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.
138 +
139 The default is `--no-thread`, unless the 'format.thread' configuration
140 is set. If `--thread` is specified without a style, it defaults to the
141 style specified by 'format.thread' if any, or else `shallow`.
142 +
143 Beware that the default for 'git send-email' is to thread emails
144 itself. If you want `git format-patch` to take care of threading, you
145 will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
147 --in-reply-to=Message-Id::
148 Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
149 reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
150 provide a new patch series.
152 --ignore-if-in-upstream::
153 Do not include a patch that matches a commit in
154 <until>..<since>. This will examine all patches reachable
155 from <since> but not from <until> and compare them with the
156 patches being generated, and any patch that matches is
157 ignored.
159 --subject-prefix=<Subject-Prefix>::
160 Instead of the standard '[PATCH]' prefix in the subject
161 line, instead use '[<Subject-Prefix>]'. This
162 allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be
163 combined with the `--numbered` option.
165 --cc=<email>::
166 Add a `Cc:` header to the email headers. This is in addition
167 to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
169 --add-header=<header>::
170 Add an arbitrary header to the email headers. This is in addition
171 to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
172 For example, `--add-header="Organization: git-foo"`
174 --cover-letter::
175 In addition to the patches, generate a cover letter file
176 containing the shortlog and the overall diffstat. You can
177 fill in a description in the file before sending it out.
179 --suffix=.<sfx>::
180 Instead of using `.patch` as the suffix for generated
181 filenames, use specified suffix. A common alternative is
182 `--suffix=.txt`. Leaving this empty will remove the `.patch`
183 suffix.
184 +
185 Note that the leading character does not have to be a dot; for example,
186 you can use `--suffix=-patch` to get `0001-description-of-my-change-patch`.
188 --no-binary::
189 Do not output contents of changes in binary files, instead
190 display a notice that those files changed. Patches generated
191 using this option cannot be applied properly, but they are
192 still useful for code review.
194 --root::
195 Treat the revision argument as a <revision range>, even if it
196 is just a single commit (that would normally be treated as a
197 <since>). Note that root commits included in the specified
198 range are always formatted as creation patches, independently
199 of this flag.
201 CONFIGURATION
202 -------------
203 You can specify extra mail header lines to be added to each message,
204 defaults for the subject prefix and file suffix, number patches when
205 outputting more than one patch, add "Cc:" headers, configure attachments,
206 and sign off patches with configuration variables.
208 ------------
209 [format]
210 headers = "Organization: git-foo\n"
211 subjectprefix = CHANGE
212 suffix = .txt
213 numbered = auto
214 cc = <email>
215 attach [ = mime-boundary-string ]
216 signoff = true
217 ------------
220 EXAMPLES
221 --------
223 * Extract commits between revisions R1 and R2, and apply them on top of
224 the current branch using 'git am' to cherry-pick them:
225 +
226 ------------
227 $ git format-patch -k --stdout R1..R2 | git am -3 -k
228 ------------
230 * Extract all commits which are in the current branch but not in the
231 origin branch:
232 +
233 ------------
234 $ git format-patch origin
235 ------------
236 +
237 For each commit a separate file is created in the current directory.
239 * Extract all commits that lead to 'origin' since the inception of the
240 project:
241 +
242 ------------
243 $ git format-patch --root origin
244 ------------
246 * The same as the previous one:
247 +
248 ------------
249 $ git format-patch -M -B origin
250 ------------
251 +
252 Additionally, it detects and handles renames and complete rewrites
253 intelligently to produce a renaming patch. A renaming patch reduces
254 the amount of text output, and generally makes it easier to review.
255 Note that non-git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
256 use it only when you know the recipient uses git to apply your patch.
258 * Extract three topmost commits from the current branch and format them
259 as e-mailable patches:
260 +
261 ------------
262 $ git format-patch -3
263 ------------
265 SEE ALSO
266 --------
267 linkgit:git-am[1], linkgit:git-send-email[1]
270 Author
271 ------
272 Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
274 Documentation
275 --------------
276 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
278 GIT
279 ---
280 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite