1 git-bundle(1)
2 =============
4 NAME
5 ----
6 git-bundle - Move objects and refs by archive
9 SYNOPSIS
10 --------
11 [verse]
12 'git bundle' create <file> <git-rev-list args>
13 'git bundle' verify <file>
14 'git bundle' list-heads <file> [refname...]
15 'git bundle' unbundle <file> [refname...]
17 DESCRIPTION
18 -----------
20 Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
21 machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
22 be directly connected so the interactive git protocols (git, ssh,
23 rsync, http) cannot be used. This command provides support for
24 'git-fetch' and 'git-pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
25 in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
26 another repository using 'git-fetch' and 'git-pull'
27 after moving the archive by some means (i.e., by sneakernet). As no
28 direct connection between repositories exists, the user must specify a
29 basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the
30 bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the
31 destination repository.
33 OPTIONS
34 -------
36 create <file>::
37 Used to create a bundle named 'file'. This requires the
38 'git-rev-list' arguments to define the bundle contents.
40 verify <file>::
41 Used to check that a bundle file is valid and will apply
42 cleanly to the current repository. This includes checks on the
43 bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite
44 commits exist and are fully linked in the current repository.
45 'git-bundle' prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits
46 with non-zero status.
48 list-heads <file>::
49 Lists the references defined in the bundle. If followed by a
50 list of references, only references matching those given are
51 printed out.
53 unbundle <file>::
54 Passes the objects in the bundle to 'git-index-pack'
55 for storage in the repository, then prints the names of all
56 defined references. If a reflist is given, only references
57 matching those in the given list are printed. This command is
58 really plumbing, intended to be called only by 'git-fetch'.
60 [git-rev-list-args...]::
61 A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git-rev-parse' and
62 'git-rev-list', that specify the specific objects and references
63 to transport. For example, "master~10..master" causes the
64 current master reference to be packaged along with all objects
65 added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit
66 limit to the number of references and objects that may be
67 packaged.
70 [refname...]::
71 A list of references used to limit the references reported as
72 available. This is principally of use to 'git-fetch', which
73 expects to receive only those references asked for and not
74 necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git-bundle' is
75 acting like 'git-fetch-pack').
77 SPECIFYING REFERENCES
78 ---------------------
80 'git-bundle' will only package references that are shown by
81 'git-show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References
82 such as master~1 cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
83 defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more
84 than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not
85 contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be
86 specified explicitly (e.g., ^master~10), or implicitly (e.g.,
87 master~10..master, --since=10.days.ago master).
89 It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination.
90 It is okay to err on the side of conservatism, causing the bundle file
91 to contain objects already in the destination as these are ignored
92 when unpacking at the destination.
94 EXAMPLE
95 -------
97 Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A
98 to another repository R2 on machine B.
99 For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed,
100 but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc).
101 We want to update R2 with developments made on branch master in R1.
103 To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that doesn't have
104 any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you sent out
105 in order to make it easy to later update the other repository with
106 incremental bundle,
108 ----------------
109 machineA$ cd R1
110 machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master
111 machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
112 ----------------
114 Then you sneakernet file.bundle to the target machine B. Because you don't
115 have to have any object to extract objects from such a bundle, not only
116 you can fetch/pull from a bundle, you can clone from it as if it was a
117 remote repository.
119 ----------------
120 machineB$ git clone /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
121 ----------------
123 This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that
124 lets you fetch and pull from the bundle. $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 may
125 have an entry like this:
127 ------------------------
128 [remote "origin"]
129 url = /home/me/tmp/file.bundle
130 fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
131 ------------------------
133 You can fetch/pull to update the resulting mine.git repository after
134 replacing the bundle you store at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incremental
135 updates from here on.
137 After working more in the original repository, you can create an
138 incremental bundle to update the other:
140 ----------------
141 machineA$ cd R1
142 machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle lastR2bundle..master
143 machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
144 ----------------
146 and sneakernet it to the other machine to replace /home/me/tmp/file.bundle,
147 and pull from it.
149 ----------------
150 machineB$ cd R2
151 machineB$ git pull
152 ----------------
154 If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should
155 have the necessary objects for, you can use that knowledge to specify the
156 basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go
157 in the resulting bundle. The previous example used lastR2bundle tag
158 for this purpose, but you can use other options you would give to
159 the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples:
161 You can use a tag that is present in both.
163 ----------------
164 $ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master
165 ----------------
167 You can use a basis based on time.
169 ----------------
170 $ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master
171 ----------------
173 Or you can use the number of commits.
175 ----------------
176 $ git bundle create mybundle -10 master
177 ----------------
179 You can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundle
180 that was created with a basis.
182 ----------------
183 $ git bundle verify mybundle
184 ----------------
186 This will list what commits you must have in order to extract from the
187 bundle and will error out if you don't have them.
189 A bundle from a recipient repository's point of view is just like a
190 regular repository it fetches/pulls from. You can for example map
191 refs, like this example, when fetching:
193 ----------------
194 $ git fetch mybundle master:localRef
195 ----------------
197 Or see what refs it offers.
199 ----------------
200 $ git ls-remote mybundle
201 ----------------
203 Author
204 ------
205 Written by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>
207 GIT
208 ---
209 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite