1 git for CVS users
2 =================
4 Git differs from CVS in that every working tree contains a repository with
5 a full copy of the project history, and no repository is inherently more
6 important than any other. However, you can emulate the CVS model by
7 designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with;
8 this document explains how to do that.
10 Some basic familiarity with git is required. This
11 link:tutorial.html[tutorial introduction to git] should be sufficient.
13 Developing against a shared repository
14 --------------------------------------
16 Suppose a shared repository is set up in /pub/repo.git on the host
17 foo.com. Then as an individual committer you can clone the shared
18 repository over ssh with:
20 ------------------------------------------------
21 $ git clone foo.com:/pub/repo.git/ my-project
22 $ cd my-project
23 ------------------------------------------------
25 and hack away. The equivalent of `cvs update` is
27 ------------------------------------------------
28 $ git pull origin
29 ------------------------------------------------
31 which merges in any work that others might have done since the clone
32 operation. If there are uncommitted changes in your working tree, commit
33 them first before running git pull.
35 [NOTE]
36 ================================
37 The `pull` command knows where to get updates from because of certain
38 configuration variables that were set by the first `git clone`
39 command; see `git config -l` and the gitlink:git-config[1] man
40 page for details.
41 ================================
43 You can update the shared repository with your changes by first committing
44 your changes, and then using the gitlink:git-push[1] command:
46 ------------------------------------------------
47 $ git push origin master
48 ------------------------------------------------
50 to "push" those commits to the shared repository. If someone else has
51 updated the repository more recently, `git push`, like `cvs commit`, will
52 complain, in which case you must pull any changes before attempting the
53 push again.
55 In the `git push` command above we specify the name of the remote branch
56 to update (`master`). If we leave that out, `git push` tries to update
57 any branches in the remote repository that have the same name as a branch
58 in the local repository. So the last `push` can be done with either of:
60 ------------
61 $ git push origin
62 $ git push foo.com:/pub/project.git/
63 ------------
65 as long as the shared repository does not have any branches
66 other than `master`.
68 Setting Up a Shared Repository
69 ------------------------------
71 We assume you have already created a git repository for your project,
72 possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see the
73 link:tutorial.html[tutorial]), or imported from an already existing CVS
74 repository (see the next section).
76 Assume your existing repo is at /home/alice/myproject. Create a new "bare"
77 repository (a repository without a working tree) and fetch your project into
78 it:
80 ------------------------------------------------
81 $ mkdir /pub/my-repo.git
82 $ cd /pub/my-repo.git
83 $ git --bare init --shared
84 $ git --bare fetch /home/alice/myproject master:master
85 ------------------------------------------------
87 Next, give every team member read/write access to this repository. One
88 easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the
89 machine where the repository is hosted. If you don't want to give them a
90 full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows
91 users to do git pushes and pulls; see gitlink:git-shell[1].
93 Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository
94 writable by that group:
96 ------------------------------------------------
97 $ chgrp -R $group /pub/my-repo.git
98 ------------------------------------------------
100 Make sure committers have a umask of at most 027, so that the directories
101 they create are writable and searchable by other group members.
103 Importing a CVS archive
104 -----------------------
106 First, install version 2.1 or higher of cvsps from
107 link:http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/[http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/] and make
108 sure it is in your path. Then cd to a checked out CVS working directory
109 of the project you are interested in and run gitlink:git-cvsimport[1]:
111 -------------------------------------------
112 $ git cvsimport -C <destination> <module>
113 -------------------------------------------
115 This puts a git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
116 <destination>, which will be created if necessary.
118 The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file. Reportedly
119 cvsimport can average some twenty revisions per second, so for a
120 medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes.
121 Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.
123 The main trunk is stored in the git branch named `origin`, and additional
124 CVS branches are stored in git branches with the same names. The most
125 recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the `master`
126 branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.
128 The import is incremental, so if you call it again next month it will
129 fetch any CVS updates that have been made in the meantime. For this to
130 work, you must not modify the imported branches; instead, create new
131 branches for your own changes, and merge in the imported branches as
132 necessary.
134 Advanced Shared Repository Management
135 -------------------------------------
137 Git allows you to specify scripts called "hooks" to be run at certain
138 points. You can use these, for example, to send all commits to the shared
139 repository to a mailing list. See link:hooks.html[Hooks used by git].
141 You can enforce finer grained permissions using update hooks. See
142 link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[Controlling access to branches using
143 update hooks].
145 Providing CVS Access to a git Repository
146 ----------------------------------------
148 It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a git repository, so
149 that developers can still use CVS; see gitlink:git-cvsserver[1] for
150 details.
152 Alternative Development Models
153 ------------------------------
155 CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to
156 a common repository. As we've seen, this is also possible with git.
157 However, the distributed nature of git allows other development models,
158 and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better
159 fit for your project.
161 For example, you can choose a single person to maintain the project's
162 primary public repository. Other developers then clone this repository
163 and each work in their own clone. When they have a series of changes that
164 they're happy with, they ask the maintainer to pull from the branch
165 containing the changes. The maintainer reviews their changes and pulls
166 them into the primary repository, which other developers pull from as
167 necessary to stay coordinated. The Linux kernel and other projects use
168 variants of this model.
170 With a small group, developers may just pull changes from each other's
171 repositories without the need for a central maintainer.